CR EOYS4 Flashcards
What pathology should you investigate after an ECG after a TIA? [1]
arrhythmias
keratin pearls are associated which of the following?
small cell cancer
squamous cell cancer
adenocarcinoma cancer
non-small cell lung cancer
keratin pearls are associated which of the following?
small cell cancer
squamous cell cancer: HALLMARK FEATURE !
adenocarcinoma cancer
non-small cell lung cance
What type of cancer is depicted?
small cell lung cancer
squamous cell lung cancer
adenocarcinoma lung cancer
non-small cell lung lung cancer
What type of cancer is depicted?
small cell lung cancer
squamous cell lung cancer; keratin pearl !!
adenocarcinoma lung cancer
non-small cell lung lung cancer
Malignant squamous cell carcinoma can lead to
Hypercalcemia
Hyperkalemia
Hyponatremia
Hypophosphatemia
Malignant squamous cell carcinoma can lead to
Hypercalcemia Squamous cell carcinoma can cause hypercalcemia, as the tumor secretes parathyroid-hormone-related peptide, which can cause hypercalcemia.
Hyperkalemia
Hyponatremia
Hypophosphatemia
Which of the following would be caused by pneumonia induced hypoventilation
Increased resistance as a result of airway obstruction
Reduced compliance of the lung tissue/chest wall
Reduced strength of the respiratory muscles
Drugs
Which of the following would be caused by pneumonia induced hypoventilation
Increased resistance as a result of airway obstruction
Reduced compliance of the lung tissue/chest wall
Reduced strength of the respiratory muscles (
Drugs
Name two disease that would cause reduced strength of the respiratory muscles and this hypoventilation [2]
Guillain-Barré; motor neurone disease
Name two clinical signs of CO2 retention [2]
- Flap (asterixis): ask a patient to extend arms out, close eyes, should be able to hold for 30 secs
- Bounding pulse
The usual Alveolar-arterial O2 difference is not normally greater than:
1.0 kPa
1.3 kPa
2.4 kPa
2.8 kPa
3.0 kPA
The usual Alveolar-arterial O2 difference is not normally greater than:
1.0 kPa
1.3 kPa
2.4 kPa
2.8 kPa
3.0 kPA
Which of th following would be caused by obesity induced hypoventilation
Increased resistance as a result of airway obstruction
Reduced compliance of the lung tissue/chest wall
Reduced strength of the respiratory muscles
Drugs
Which of th following would be caused by obesity induced hypoventilation
Increased resistance as a result of airway obstruction
Reduced compliance of the lung tissue/chest wall
Reduced strength of the respiratory muscles
Drugs
A patient suffering from an asthma attack would use which of the following
Simple face mask
Nasal cannulae
Venturi mask
Face mask with reservoir bag
A patient suffering from an asthma attack would use which of the following
Simple face mask
Nasal cannulae
Venturi mask
Face mask with reservoir bag
A patient suffering from an sepsis attack would use which of the following
Simple face mask
Nasal cannulae
Venturi mask
Face mask with reservoir bag
A patient suffering from an sepsis attack would use which of the following
Simple face mask
Nasal cannulae
Venturi mask
Face mask with reservoir bag
A patient suffering from an acute exacerbation of COPD would use which of the following
Simple face mask
Nasal cannulae
Venturi mask
Face mask with reservoir bag
A patient suffering from an acute exacerbation of COPD would use which of the following
Simple face mask
Nasal cannulae
Venturi mask
Face mask with reservoir bag
Which part of the lung has the greatest airway resistance? [1]
Which part of the lung has the least airway resistance? [1]
The above can be determined according to which law? [1]
Medium-sized bronchi collectively have the smallest radius: greatest airway resistance.
Terminal bronchioles have the lowest resistance since, collectively, it has the largest radius
Poiseuille law
What determines the alveolar to arterial PO2 difference? [1]
What is usual Alveolar-arterial O2 difference not normally greater than? [1]
Shunting determines the alveolar to arterial PO2 difference
The normal A-a O2 difference is not normally greater than 1.3 kPa
How do you calculate normal aterial PaO2? [1]
Normal PaO2 = 13.6 – (0.044 x age in yrs) kPa
What is shunting (of the lungs)? [1]
What can shunting be caused by [1]
]
When an area of the lung is perfused but not ventilated. Blood is transported through the lungs without taking part in gas exchange
Can be caused by Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs)
Label A & B [2]
A: Lung failure
B: Pump failure
Type 2 Respiratory Failure is an imbalance between which three factors? [3]
Imbalance between:
- Neural respiratory drive
- Load of resp. muscles
- Capacity of the resp. muscles