MET EOYS2 Flashcards
Which of the following does the transervalis fascia become?
external spermatic fascia
internal spermatic fascia
cremaster muscle
tunica vaginalis
Which of the following does the transervalis fascia become?
external spermatic fascia
internal spermatic fascia
cremaster muscle
tunica vaginalis
Which of the following does the external oblique become?
external spermatic fascia
internal spermatic fascia
cremaster muscle
tunica vaginalis
Which of the following does the external oblique become?
external spermatic fascia
internal spermatic fascia
cremaster muscle
tunica vaginalis
Which of the following does the processus vaginalis become?
external spermatic fascia
internal spermatic fascia
cremaster muscle
tunica vaginalis
Which of the following does the processus vaginalis become?
external spermatic fascia
internal spermatic fascia
cremaster muscle
tunica vaginalis
Which of the following does the internal oblique become?
external spermatic fascia
internal spermatic fascia
cremaster muscle
tunica vaginalis
Which of the following does the internal oblique become?
external spermatic fascia
internal spermatic fascia
cremaster muscle
tunica vaginalis
During formation, what is A formed from?
external oblique
internal oblique
peritoneum
transversalis fascia
transversalis abdominis
internal oblique: A = Cremaster
Tunica vaginalis is
A
B
C
D
E
Tunica vaginalis is
A
B
C
D
E
Which of the following is where lymph drainage of D occurs
Pre-aortic nodes
Superficial inguinal
Deep inguinal
Lumbar nodes
Which of the following is where lymph drainage of D occurs
Pre-aortic nodes
Superficial inguinal
Deep inguinal
Lumbar nodes
What is A
Middle colic artery
Jejunal arteries
Ileal colic artery
Right colic artery
What is A
Middle colic artery
Jejunal arteries
Ileal colic artery
Right colic artery
Label A & B [2]
A Jejunal arteries
B Ileal arteries
Label A-E
A: Left colic artery
B: IMA
C: Ileal arteries
D: Ileocolic artery
E: Right colic artery
What is A?
Left colic artery
SMA
Middle colic artery
Ileocolic artery
Right colic artery
Middle colic artery
ID A
Inferior epigastric artery
Which of the following would early appendicitis pain present?
5 Classically, appendicitis initially presents with generalized or periumbilical abdominal pain that later localizes to the right lower quadrant.
Which two points does the inguinal ligament run between? [2]
ASIS to pubic tubercle
Label A-G
Which of the following is located outside of the external spermatic fascia
Vas deferens
Cremaster muscle
Genitofemoral nerve
Testicular vessels
Ilioinguinal nerve
Which of the following is located outside of the external spermatic fascia
Vas deferens
Cremaster muscle
Genitofemoral nerve
Testicular vessels
Ilioinguinal nerve
At which point in the abdominal wall is the:
- Deep inguinal ring
- Superfical inguinal ring
- Deep inguinal ring: point at which the contents of the spermatic cord enter the abdominal wall.
- Superfical inguinal ring: point at which the spermatic cord emerges from the abdominal wall.
Describe how the external oblique, internal oblique and transvesus abdominis surround the spermatic cord [3]
External oblique: : aponeurosis surrounds spermatic cord
Internal oblique: muscle fibres cover spermatic cord
Transversus abdominis: absent to spermatic cord structure
Where does a direct inguinal herniation occur in relation to the inferior epigastric vessels?
Medial to the inferior epigastric vessels
Which two molecules can activate the adenylyl cyclase pathway, which causes glycogenlysis, GNG? [2]
Glucagon
Adrenaline
The MRI image below shows parotid adenocarcinoma. Which of the following cranial nerve signs would you expect to see in this patient?
Unilateral facial paralysis
Uvular deviation
Reduced facial sensation
Bitemporal heminaopia
The MRI image below shows parotid adenocarcinoma. Which of the following cranial nerve signs would you expect to see in this patient?
Unilateral facial paralysis
Uvular deviation
Reduced facial sensation
Bitemporal heminaopia
Despite not innervating the Partoid glad the Facial nerve runs through the gland. This relationship is important as swelling or surgery on the parotid gland can compress facial nerve branches
As the food bolus is pushed into the pharynx the epiglottis of the larynx is pulled inferiorly to prevent food being aspirated.
Which nerve is responsible for closure of the larynx?
Superior laryngeal nerve
Recurrent laryngeal nerve
Glossopharnygeal nerve
Vagus nerve
As the food bolus is pushed into the pharynx the epiglottis of the larynx is pulled inferiorly to prevent food being aspirated.
Which nerve is responsible for closure of the larynx?
Superior laryngeal nerve
Recurrent laryngeal nerve
Glossopharnygeal nerve
Vagus nerve
As the recurrent laryngeal nerve innervates all muscles of the larynx (except cricothyroid) it is responsible for the closure during swallowing.
Which nerve provides motor supply to the oesophagus? [1]
Acceptable responses: Vagus, Vagus nerve, CN X, X, cranial nerve 10
What structure is this arrow pointing at? [1]
Inferior epigastric vessels [1]
What does this arrow point to? [1]
Linea alba
Visceral afferent fibres carry information in autonomic fibres retrogradely. Pain perceived in an organ corresponds to its embryological development.
Name the vert levels where pain would be felt for the following:
A: Foregut (Liver, Gall Bladder, Pancreas, Spleen, Proximal Duodenum)
B: Midgut (Distal Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum, Caecum, Appendix, Ascending Colon, 2/3rd Transverse Colon)
C: Hindgut (1/3rd Transverse Colon, Descending Colon, Sigmoid Colon, Rectum)
Visceral afferent fibres carry information in autonomic fibres retrogradely. Pain perceived in an organ corresponds to its embryological development.
Name the vert levels where pain would be felt for the following:
A: Foregut (Liver, Gall Bladder, Pancreas, Spleen, Proximal Duodenum): T6-T9 EPIGASTRIC
B: Midgut (Distal Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum, Caecum, Appendix, Ascending Colon, 2/3rd Transverse Colon): T8-T12 UMBILICAL
C: Hindgut (1/3rd Transverse Colon, Descending Colon, Sigmoid Colon, Rectum): T12-L2 SUPRAPUBIC
Where would you expect pain from appendicitis to present?
Acceptable responses: umbilical, umbilical region
If appendicitis progresses and inflames the parietal peritoneum where would the pain be perceived? [1]
Acceptable responses: Answer 1, right iliac fossa, lower right quadrant
What is a volvulus?
Because of its mobility, the sigmoid colon can rotate around its mesentery. This may correct itself spontaneously, or the rotation may continue until the blood supply to the sigmoid colon is completely shut off. The rotation commonly occurs clockwise and is referred to as a volvulus.
Which CNs supply the following salivary glands:
Parotid
Submandibular
Sublingual
Which CNs supply the following salivary glands:
Parotid: CN IX
Submandibular: CNVII
Sublingual: CNVII
Which nerve is sensory in the oropharynx? [1]
The soft palate is tense and elevated to close the nasopharynx. Which nerve is repsonsible for this? [1]
Which nerve is sensory in the oropharynx? [1]
CN IX
The soft palate is tense and elevated to close the nasopharynx. Which nerve is repsonsible for this? [1]
CN X
What is a hiatus hernia?
What is a common cause?
when part of the stomach squeezes up into the chest through an opening (“hiatus”) in the diaphragm.
The most common cause of a hiatal hernia is an increase in pressure in the abdominal cavity. Your abdominal cavity is the space in the middle of your body that holds several organs, including the:
Lower part of the esophagus and stomach.
Small intestine, colon and rectum.
Liver.
Gallbladder, pancreas and spleen.
Kidneys.
Bladder.
describe the branches of the SMA (6)
- inferior pancreaticoduedenal artery
- jejnunal and ileal branches
3 middle colic artery
- right colic artery
- ileocolic artery -> appendicular artery
MRI !
A: jenunal
B: superior mesentric
C ileocolic
This 50-year-old man presents with abdominal pain. Abdominal x-ray shows small bowel dilatation. Contrast-enhanced CT is performed with selected images shown. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Amyand hernia
De Garengeot hernia
femoral hernia
direct inguinal hernia
indirect inguinal hernia
obturator hernia
This 50-year-old man presents with abdominal pain. Abdominal x-ray shows small bowel dilatation. Contrast-enhanced CT is performed with selected images shown. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Amyand hernia
De Garengeot hernia
femoral hernia
direct inguinal hernia
indirect inguinal hernia
obturator hernia
Contrast-enhanced CT is performed with selected images shown. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Amyand hernia
De Garengeot hernia
femoral hernia
direct inguinal hernia
indirect inguinal hernia
obturator hernia
This 50-year-old man presents with abdominal pain. Abdominal x-ray shows small bowel dilatation. Contrast-enhanced CT is performed with selected images shown. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Amyand hernia
De Garengeot hernia
femoral hernia
direct inguinal hernia
indirect inguinal hernia
obturator hernia
Contrast-enhanced CT is performed with selected images shown. The arrow suggests a hernia. What is the most likely diagnosis? Inferior epigastric vessels are shown by the arrowhead
De Garengeot hernia
femoral hernia
direct inguinal hernia
indirect inguinal hernia
obturator hernia
Contrast-enhanced CT is performed with selected images shown. The arrow suggests a hernia. What is the most likely diagnosis?
De Garengeot hernia
femoral hernia
direct inguinal hernia
indirect inguinal hernia Inferior epigastric vessels medial to hernial neck (arrowhead) are visible
obturator hernia
Contrast-enhanced CT is performed with selected images shown. The arrow suggests a hernia. What is the most likely diagnosis?
De Garengeot hernia
femoral hernia
direct inguinal hernia
indirect inguinal hernia
obturator hernia
Contrast-enhanced CT is performed with selected images shown. The arrow suggests a hernia. What is the most likely diagnosis?
De Garengeot hernia
femoral hernia
direct inguinal hernia
anguinal hernia (arrow), which passes medially to inferior epigastric ar tery and vein (arrowhead)
indirect inguinal herni
obturator hernia
Contrast-enhanced CT is performed with selected images shown. The arrow suggests a hernia. What is the most likely diagnosis?
De Garengeot hernia
femoral hernia
direct inguinal hernia
indirect inguinal hernia
obturator hernia
Contrast-enhanced CT is performed with selected images shown. The arrow suggests a hernia. What is the most likely diagnosis?
De Garengeot hernia
femoral hernia
direct inguinal hernia
T image shows par t of bladder (arrow) is contained within direct lef t inguinal hernia medial to inferior epigastric neurovascular bundle (arrowhead)
indirect inguinal hernia
obturator hernia
What type of hernia would it be if came out at the *?
De Garengeot hernia
femoral hernia
direct inguinal hernia
indirect inguinal hernia
obturator hernia
What type of hernia would it be if came out at the *?
De Garengeot hernia
femoral hernia
direct inguinal hernia
indirect inguinal hernia
obturator hernia
What type of hernia is A? [1]
A: direct hernia
What of the following depicts the inferior epigastric arteries
Solids arrows
Open arrows
Curved arrows
Arrowheads
What of the following depicts the inferior epigastric arteries
Solids arrows
Open arrows
Curved arrows
Arrowheads
What of the following depicts the deep inguinal ring
Solids arrows
Open arrows
Curved arrows
Arrowheads
What of the following depicts the deep inguinal ring
Solids arrows
Open arrows
Curved arrows
Arrowheads
What of the following depicts the deep inguinal ring
Solids arrows
Open arrows
Curved arrows
Arrowheads
What of the following depicts the deep inguinal ring
Solids arrows
Open arrows
Curved arrows
Arrowheads
What of the following depicts the inguinal ligament
Solids arrows
Open arrows
Curved arrows
Arrowheads
What of the following depicts the inguinal ligament
Solids arrows
Open arrows
Curved arrows
Arrowheads
FYI
