BB EOYS10

Question 1

What is this bone? [1]

Label A-F

Answer 1

Temporal bone

A: Zygomatic process
B: External auditory meatus
C: mastoid process
D: squamous part
E: styloid process
F: petrous part

Question 2

Label the fontanelles [2]

What do each of them turn into later in life? [2]

Answer 2

1: Sphenoid fontanelle. Becomes the pterion

2: Mastoid fontanelle. Becomes the asteroin

Question 3

Label 1 & 2 [2]

Answer 3

1: metopic suture

2: Anterior fontanelle

Question 4

Answer 4

Question 5

Label this structure [1]

Answer 5

Bregma

Question 6

How many bones contribute to the orbit?

6
7
8
9

Answer 6

How many bones contribute to the orbit?

6
7
8
9

Question 7

The internal carotid artery enters the skull via the [] this is an oblique channel through the skull base.

It then emerges above foramen [].

Answer 7

The internal carotid artery enters the skull via the carotid canal, this is an oblique channel through the skull base.

It then emerges above foramen lacerum.

Question 8

The middle meningeal artery is a small artery which enters the skull through foramen [] and travels inside the skull passing deep the [].

Answer 8

The middle meningeal artery is a small artery which enters the skull through foramen spinosum and travels inside the skull passing deep the pterion.

Question 9

the spinal cord terminates at the:

cauda equina
filum terminale
conus medullaris
foramen magnum
1st coccygeal vert

Answer 9

the spinal cord terminates at the:

cauda equina
filum terminale
conus medullaris
foramen magnum
1st coccygeal vert

Question 10

which verebtral level do u go below to do lumbar puncture?

Answer 10

L2

Question 11

Why might lumbar puncture be more challenging in a young child? [1]

Answer 11

Why might lumbar puncture be more challenging in a young child? [1]

Acceptable responses: spinal cord lower, the spinal cord ends lower down, the spinal cord travels further down the vertebral column

Question 12

spinal accessory nerves leave the skull via which foramen?

​formen spinosum
carotid canal
jugular foramen
foramen lacerum
foreman magnum

Answer 12

spinal accessory nerves leave the skull via which foramen?

​formen spinosum
carotid canal
jugular foramen
foramen lacerum
foreman magnum

Question 13

which foramen is this?

foramen ovale
foramen spinosum
Internal acoustic meatus
Foramen lacerum
​Carotid canal

Answer 13

which foramen is this?

foramen ovale
foramen spinosum
Internal acoustic meatus
Foramen lacerum
​Carotid canal

Question 14

Which one of the following pairings of foramina and their contents is not correct?

Superior orbital fissue and oculomotor nerve
Foramina rotundum and maxillary nerve
Jugular foramen and hypoglossal nerve
Foramine spinosum and middle meningeal artery
Carotid canal and internal carotid artery

Answer 14

Which one of the following pairings of foramina and their contents is not correct?

Superior orbital fissue and oculomotor nerve
Foramina rotundum and maxillary nerve
Jugular foramen and hypoglossal nerve: The hypoglossal nerve passes through the hypoglossal canal.
Foramine spinosum and middle meningeal artery
Carotid canal and internal carotid artery

Question 15

Which part of the brainstem is this?

Midbrain
Medulla (Superior)
Medulla (Inferior)
Pons

Answer 15

Which part of the brainstem is this?

Midbrain
Medulla (Superior)
Medulla (Inferior)
Pons Anteriorly the pons bulges forwards,

Question 16

Which part of the brainstem is this?

Midbrain
Medulla (Open / Superior)
Medulla (Closed / Inferior)
Pons

Answer 16

Which part of the brainstem is this?

Midbrain
Medulla (Open / Superior)
Medulla (Closed / Inferior)
Pons

Question 17

Which part of the brainstem is this?

Midbrain
Medulla (Open / Superior)
Medulla (Closed / Inferior)
Pons

Answer 17

Which part of the brainstem is this?

Midbrain This can be identified by the large cerebral peduncles anteriorly
Medulla (Open / Superior)
Medulla (Closed / Inferior)
Pons

Question 18

Which part of the brainstem is this?

Midbrain
Medulla (Open / Superior)
Medulla (Closed / Inferior)
Pons

Answer 18

Which part of the brainstem is this?

Midbrain
Medulla (Open / Superior)
Medulla (Closed / Inferior)
Pons

Question 19

Which part of the brainstem is this? [1]
Label A & B [2]

Answer 19

Pons

A: 4th ventricle
B: Pons

Question 20

The [] is the innermost layer of the eye

Answer 20

The retina is the innermost layer of the eye

Question 21

The optic disc is where which two structures join together? [2]

Answer 21

The optic disc is where the optic nerve joins the retina

Question 22

The [] is the location of maximal photoreceptor density

Answer 22

The macula is the location of maximal photoreceptor density

Question 23

Label A-C

Answer 23

A: Fovea
B: Macula
C: Optic disc

Question 24

Optic radiation

The paired optic tracts sweep posteriorly and send most axons to synapse in the [], in the [] nucleus.

Answer 24

The paired optic tracts sweep posteriorly and send most axons to synapse in the thalamus, in the lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus.

Question 25

Nerve fibres in the optic tracts send branches to which locations? [4]

Answer 25

primary visual cortex
midbrain
superior colliculus (visual reflex centre controlling the extrinsic eye muscles)
pretectal nuclei in the midbrain (mediate papillary light reflexes)

Question 26

Name this optic pathway defect [1]

Answer 26

Left temporal hemianopia

Question 27

State the optic pathway lesions that would be seen in each place

Answer 27

Question 28

There are 6 extra-ocular muscles controlling eye movement. Name them and the movements they control

Answer 28

Lateral rectus: look laterally
Medial rectus: look medially
Superior rectus: look upward and medially
Inferior rectus: look downward and medially
Superior oblique: look downward and laterally
Inferior oblique: look upward and laterally

Question 29

State the movements the following muscles do:

Superior oblique: [3]

Inferior oblique: [3]

Answer 29

Superior oblique: Depression, abduction and intorsion

Inferior oblique: Elevation, abduction and extorsion

Question 30

State the movement the following muslces do:

Superior rectus: [3]

Inferior rectus: [3]

Answer 30

Superior rectus: elevation, adduction and intorsion

Inferior rectus: depression, adduction and extorsion

Question 31

When the eye is ABDUCTED the [] and [] muscles act to elevate and depress the globe respectively.

When the eye is ADDUCTED the [] and [] muscles depress and elevate the globe respectively.

Answer 31

When the eye is ABDUCTED the superior and inferior recti act to elevate and depress the globe respectively.

When the eye is ADDUCTED the superior and inferior oblique depress and elevate the globe respectively.

Question 32

This is MRI of some of the limbic system

Label each coloured arrow to the following:

hippocampus
parahippocampal gyrus
collateral sulcus
tentorium cerebelli

Answer 32

green arrows: parahippocampal gyrus
red arrows: tentorium cerebelli
yellow arrows: collateral sulcus
blue arrows: hippocampus

Question 33

Which of the following is not a class of drug used to treat anxiety?

SSRIs
5-HT1A agonists
β-adrenoceptor antagonist
SNRIs
5-HT2A agonists

Answer 33

Which of the following is not a class of drug used to treat anxiety?

SSRIs
5-HT1A agonists
β-adrenoceptor antagonist
SNRIs
5-HT2A agonists

Question 34

In the reward circuit of the brain that is linked to addiction, which neurotransmitter is responsible for activation from the ventral tegmental area to the nucleus accumbens?

Seratonin
Noradrenaline
Dopamine
Glutamate

Answer 34

In the reward circuit of the brain that is linked to addiction, which neurotransmitter is responsible for activation from the ventral tegmental area to the nucleus accumbens?

Seratonin
Noradrenaline
Dopamine
Glutamate

Question 35

A is most likely a representation of:

Persistant vegetative state
Minimally conscious state
Locked-in syndrome
Brainstem death

Answer 35

A is most likely a representation of:

Persistant vegetative state
Minimally conscious state
Locked-in syndrome
Brainstem death