MET EOYS4 Flashcards
Which of the following is not associated with obesity causing a dampened down immune system?
RA
MS
Systemic lupus erythematosus
Psoriasis
Which of the following is not associated with obesity causing a dampened down immune system?
RA
MS
Systemic lupus erythematosus
Psoriasis
A Ptx present with greater span than height & shorter 4th metacarpal. Which of the following is most likely
McCune-Albright Syndrome
Patau Syndrome
Kallman Syndrome
Turners Syndrome
A Ptx present with greater span than height & shorter 4th metacarpal. Which of the following is most likely
McCune-Albright Syndrome
Patau Syndrome
Kallman Syndrome
Turners Syndrome
McCune-Albright syndrome is caused by a mutation on which gene
Kal
GNAS
PIT1
GSP
McCune-Albright syndrome is caused by a mutation on which gene
Kal
GNAS
PIT1
GSP
Diabetic nephropathy causes the creation of which structures in the glomerulus? [1]
Kimmelstiel–Wilson nodules
Where does spirolactone work?
PCT
LoH
DCT
CD
Where does spirolactone work?
PCT
LoH
DCT
CD
What effect do SGLT-2 inhibitors have on afferent and efferent arterioles? [2]
Vasoconstriction at afferent arteriole
No effect at efferent (i think)
Which of the following has neuron development through the cribiform plate?
GnRH
TRH
CRH
ADH
Which of the following has neuron development through the cribiform plate?
GnRH
TRH
CRH
ADH
hypothalamic stimulating hormone that causes the release of GnRH
somatostatin
PIT1
kisspeptin
GPR54
hypothalamic stimulating hormone that causes the release of GnRH
somatostatin
PIT1
kisspeptin
GPR54
Which of the following is the nerve that causes constriction of the pupil?
A
B
C
D
E
Which of the following is the nerve that causes constriction of the pupil?
A: CN 3
B
C
D
E
Which of the following is the ophthalmic branch is the first division of the trigeminal nerve?
A
B
C
D
E
Which of the following is the ophthalmic branch is the first division of the trigeminal nerve?
A
B
C
D
E
Which of the following supplies the lateral rectus?
A
B
C
D
E
Which of the following supplies the lateral rectus?
A
B
C
D
E
Which pituitary hormone binding to cell surface-localize receptors (GHRs) induces a conformational change of the dimerized receptors?
CRH
TSH
GH
ADH
Which pituitary hormone binding to cell surface-localize receptors (GHRs) induces a conformational change of the dimerized receptors?
CRH
TSH
GH
ADH
Name the hypothalamic stimulating hormone that causes the release of GnRH [1]
Kisspeptin
Explain oestrogen positive feedback of puberty cycle for LH / FSH
Gonad makes oestrogen, which has a positve effect on kisspeptin via GPR54 receptor
Kisspeptin neurones stimulate GnRH
GnRH stimulates gonadotrophs, which makes LH & FSH
Describe path of GnRH neurone formation
What two phenotypes that occur if this process occurs innappropiately [2]
GnRH neurones develop in the olfactory epithelium.
During embryonic development GnRH neurones migrate through cribiform plate, guided by Kal protein & migrate to the hypothalamus
(neurones migrate with cells responsible for smell but go to olfactory bulb not the hypothalamus)
Causes a lack of smell and hypogonadism
Describe pathphysiology of Kallman syndrome [3]
Mutation in Kal protein [1]
During embryonic development these cells can’t enter brain: doesnt take neurones to hypothalamus / olfactory bulb
Cross stalk between two sides of the brain is innappropriate (so cant do movements with one hand indivdually)
How would you test for Kallman syndrome? [2]
Have shorter 4th metacarpal:
Test by putting pencil between small finger and middle finger metacarpal:
- Normal person the pencil wont touch if placed there
- Does in Kallman syndrome
Also: have greater span than height
Label the different cranial nerves present in cavernous sinus
The anterior pituitary reqiures which transcription factors to develop? [1]
PIT1 [1]