LOCO4 Flashcards
Brachial plexus
What are the anterior cord nerves [3]
What are the posterior cord nerves [2]
Anterior cord (lateral to medial)
* Musculocutaneous
* Median
* Ulnar
Posterior cord
* Axillary
* Radial
Describe scapulo-humeral rhythm [2]
Scapula and humerus move in a 1:2 ratio.
When the arm is abducted 180 degrees, 60 degrees occurs by roation of the scapula and 120 degrees by rotation of the humerus at the shoulder joint
Which nerves [2] and muscles [2] are at risk of from axillary lymph node clearance? [2]
Injury to thoracodorsal nerve; Latissimus dorsi
Injury to long thoracic nerve; serratus anterior - causes winging scapula
Sternoclavicular joint:
What is the type of joint? [1]
Which structure is present for shock absorption? [1]
Which type of movement does the joint permit? [1] ?
joint type: synovial, saddle joint
shock absoption: articular disc
movements: around 60 degrees when elevate scapula
what are two prominent structures / features of the the glenohumeral joint? [2]
Why is this clinically significant [1]
what are two prominent features of the glenohumeral joint?
glenoid cavity accomodates approx/ 1/3 of the humeral head: means that should can have wider range of movement
inferior joint capusule is lax. allows elevate above head. but means is much weaker than superior portion
Which structures deepen the shallow glenoid fossa? [2]
what is the shallow glenoid fossa deepened by? [2]
- glenoid labrum (fibrocart. ring that surrounds articular surface). helps deepen the socket and support the joint
- long head of the biceps - attaches to superior aspect of labrum
Which of the following is the glenoid labrum?
A
B
C
D
E
Which of the following is the glenoid labrum?
A
B
C
D
E
Which of the following is the acromion?
A
B
C
D
E
Which of the following is the acromion?
A
B
C
D
E
Which of the following is the scapula?
A
B
C
D
E
Which of the following is the scapula?
A
B
C
D
E
Which of the following is the supraspinatus muscle?
A
B
C
D
E
Which of the following is the supraspinatus muscle?
A
B
C
D
E
Which of the following is the glenoid labrum
A
B
C
D
E
Which of the following is the glenoid labrum
A
B
C
D
E
Which of the following is the glenoid cavity
A
B
C
D
E
Which of the following is the glenoid cavity
A
B
C
D
E
What is muscle D? [1]
What is bone E? [1]
D: supraspinatus
E: Acromion
Which of the following is the articular capsule
A
B
C
D
E
Which of the following is the articular capsule
A
B
C
D
E
Which of the following is the articular capsule
A
B
C
D
E
Which of the following is the articular capsule
A
B
C
D
E
where do each of the following arrive from?
- Muscularcutaneous
- axillary
- median
- radial
- ulnar nerve
where do each of the following arrive from?
- Muscularcutaneous: C5-C7
- axillary: C5-C6
- median: C5-T1
- radial: C5-T1
- ulnar nerve; C8-T1
What is Erb’s palsy caused by damage to? [1]
which nerves? [3]
what does it result in? [3]
Erbs palsy:
- Damage to the superior trunk of the brachial plexus.
- This happens quite commonly in difficult birth (pulling the head away from the upper limb) results in nerve palsy.
- Damaging C5 and C6 mainly affects musculocutaneous, axillary and medial nerve. It results in:
- Adducted shoulder
- Medially rotated arm
- Extended elbow
Label A-E
A: bicep brachii
B: triceps brachii
C: brachioradialis
D: subscapularis
E: Axillary artery
Label A
Brachioradialis muscle
Label A-C
A: Coracobrachialis muscle
B: Teres major
C: Medial head of triceps brachii muscle
Label A [1]
supinator muscle
what is 1 & 2?
2 coracobrachialis
1. brachialis
Bicep brachii
Where do the 2 heads of the bicep brachii attach? [2]
The two heads join together and attach onto which bone? [1]
Describe the movements of the bicep brachii muscle [2]
Location of 2 heads:
- short head - found medially. attaches to corocoid process
- long head - found laterally (L4L) attaches to supraglenoid tubercle
Join together to form one muscle, together inserts onto radius at the radial tuborisity
movements:
- powerful supinator
- flexor and shoulder and elbow
Pronation of the forearm is undertaken by pronator quadratus (deep layer) and pronator teres muscle (superficial layer).
which of these is the main muscle involved in pronation and which assists pronation?
pronator quadratus (deep layer): main
pronator teres muscle (superficial layer): assists
lumbricals: flex MCP
dorsal interrossei: abduct fingers (DAB)
palmar interrossei adduct the fingers (PAD)