Mechanisms of Neutrophilia

Question 1

Acute inflammatory Neutrophilia

Answer 1

Cytokines at inflammatory side causes neutrophils to be pooled from blood. Storage pool enters the blood. Once that is released maturation poos start to enter the blood. Thies increases the stimulus for production and shorten transit time leading to toxic change

Question 2

When do you get neutrophilia in acute inflammation

Answer 2

When the number of neutrophils entering the blood outnumbers the number that are leaving blood to go into the tissue

Question 3

When do you expect to see acute inflammation neutrophilia

Answer 3

Inflammation of internal or subcutaneous tissue (mediators easily access blood) not in the lower urinary tract, superficial cutaneous lesions, oral cavity, or the brain and spinal cord

Question 4

Chronic inflammatory neutrophilia

Answer 4

Cytokines from inflammatory site for at least a week. See granulocytic hyperplasia to help increase production of the neutrophils and storage pool is rebuilt and increased release of mature neutrophils from the storage pool into the blood (little or no left shift)

Question 5

Glucocorticoid-associated (stress) Neutrophilia

Answer 5

Mediated by cortisol, prednisone or prednisolone. Shift from marginating to circulating pool and decrease migration to tissue. Also see an increase in release from the storage pool. There is no left shift but may see hypersegmented neutrophils

Question 6

Hypersegmented neutrophils

Answer 6

5 or more definitive lobes due to steroid exposure or chronic inflammation

Question 7

Excitement/physiologic Neutrophils

Answer 7

Mediated by catecholamines. Shift from marginating to circulating pool. No change in release from the bone marrow. See in cats especially, very transient and returns to normal when they calm down