Dysproteinemias

Question 1

Panhypoproteinemia

Answer 1

Both albumin and globulin affected, non selective change

Question 2

Selective changes in proteins

Answer 2

Only globulin or globulin is affected

Question 3

Non selective hyperproteinemia

Answer 3

Dehydration is main cause. Increased albumin and globulin and usually increased Hct due to loss of plasma water results in relative increase in the others

Question 4

Non selective hypoproteinemia

Answer 4

-Overhydration uncommon-> Iatrogenic from fluids, edematous disorders (CHF etc)
-Blood loss
-Protein losing enteropathy
-Severe skin disease
-Effusive disease

Question 5

Hemorrhage and TP

Answer 5

Decreased blood volume and hemodilution causing a hypoproteinemia and anemia

Question 6

Protein losing enteropathy

Answer 6

Protein rich intestinal secretions are unable to be absorbed by the intestines

Question 7

Protein losing dermatopathy

Answer 7

Thermal/chemical burn more common and usually very severe, Plasma proteins ooze out of vessels

Question 8

Effusive disease

Answer 8

Pleuritis and peritonitis you get extravasation of plasma proteins into third space or vasculitis can get extravasation of proteins into second space

Question 9

Selective hypoalbuminemia

Answer 9

Decreased production
Increased loss

Question 10

Hypoalbuminemia from inflammation

Answer 10

Albumin is a major negative APP
Detected very early
Increased production of the positive acute phase proteins means albumin levels decrease. often leads to increase in globulins

Question 11

Hypoalbuminemia from hepatic failure

Answer 11

Most of liver must be lost before this occurs. May see decrease in globulins too but will see plasma and B cells picking up the slack.

Question 12

Hypoalbuminemia from starvation

Answer 12

Decrease intake of nutrients and decreased protein production or increased protein degradation. See hypoproteinemia due to the hypoalbuminemia

Question 13

Hypoalbuminemia due to protein losing nephropathy

Answer 13

Albumin is really small if glomerular membrane is damaged it can pass through and be excreted and lead to proteinuria

Question 14

Selective hypoglobinemia

Answer 14

Usually due to decreased beta or gamma globulin
-Failure of passive transfer
-Inherited or acquired immune deficiency

Question 15

Selective hyperglobulinemia

Answer 15

-Inflammation
-Antigenic stimulation
-B-lymphocyte neoplasia