-ma/-da infinitives Flashcards by excl

-ma is used:

after verbs of motion
after certain verbs
after certain adj. and participles

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certain verbs thata require -ma (10)

hakkama, hakkan
juhtuma, juhtun
jätma, jätan
jääma, jään
kutsuma, kutsun
kõlbama
pidama, pean
sundima, sunnin
õpetama
õppima

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certain adjectives or participles that require -ma

harjunud
nõus
osav
sunnitud
valmis

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the -da infinitive is used:

after verbs expressing a wish, intention, possibility etc
after verbs expressing a feeling or emotions
after impersonal expressions (on aeg, on raske, tohib)
after ‘et’, when it means ‘in order to’
when the infinitive is used as the subject/modifies a subject (eksida on inimlik)

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turn the machine on (lit. ‘set the machine to go)

pane masin käima

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she runs to see what is happening there

ta jookseb vaatama, mis seal juhtub

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we sit down to sing

me istume laulma

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stop!

jää seisma

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you have to come here

sa pead siia tulema

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i am learning to draw

ma õpin joonistama

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i am ready to help

ma olen valmis aitama

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he is willing (agrees) to come

ta on nõus tulema

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i am used to talking quietly

ma olen harjunud tasa rääkima

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i cannot bear (manage) to work

ma ei jõua töötada

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i know how to draw (am able to)

ma oskan joonistada

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what may i offer you?

mida võin teile pakkuda?

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do you wish to rest a little?

kas soovid natuke puhata?

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i want to know what this means

ma tahan teada, mis see tähendab

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can i help you?

kas ma saan sind aidata?

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i can manage (справляться)

ma saan hakkama

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i beg/ask you to come here

palun sind siia tulla
(but ‘palun teid tantsima’)

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i love to go for a walk in the fresh air

ma armastan jalutada värske õhu käes

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do you like going to the theater?

kas sulle meeldib teatris käia?

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the student is afraid to go to the exam

üliõpilane kardab minna eksamile

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he dares to say what he thinks

ta julgeb ütelda, mis ta mõtleb

it's time get up

on aeg tõusta

that is not necessary to do

seda pole tarvis teha

the truth is painful to hear

tõde on valus kuulda

now one must go home

nüüd peab koju minema

im driving to the country in order to rest

ma sõidan maale, et puhata

to err is human

eksida on inimlik

it's late (time is late)

aeg on hiline

i still don't want to sleep

ma ei taha veel magada

i would like to sleep long in the morning

ma tahaksin hommikul kaua magada

i have to (must) get up and go to work

ma pean üles tõusma ja tööle minema

делать нечего, there's nothing to do (about it), it can't be helped

pole midagi teha

do you have to go already?

kas sa pead juba minema?

i don't (really) want to go

ma ei taha küll minna

i'm scared to be late to a professor's lecture

ma kardan hilineda professori loengule (movement)

i hope to arrive on time (at the right time)

ma loodan õigel ajal kohale jõuda

after i can of course come back

pärast ma võin ju tagasi tulla

i really/simply don't know what i have to do

ma lihtsalt ei tea, mida ma pean tegema

who wants to die good, has to live well/good

kes hästi tahab surra, peab hästi elama

live yourself and let others live too

ela ise ja lase 'teisi ka elada

ar mums neišeiti pasivaikščioti?, why don't we go on a walk?

kas me ei läheks jalutama?

it's difficult to argue with you

sinuga on raske vaielda

i'll pick you up immediately with a car (я помчусь туда за тобой на машине)

ma tulen sulle kohe autoga järele (kihutan sulle sinna autoga järele)

what if it starts raining?

aga kui vihma hakkab sadama?

why do you always have to be such a pessimist?

miks sa pead alati selline pessimist olema?

time helps heal

aeg aitab arstida

it's better to ask twice than to err one time

parem kaks korda küsida, kui üks kord eksida

it's better to be afraid than to regret

parem karta, kui kahetseda

it's fruitless to argue over taste

maitse üle on asjatu vaielda

to be young is to carry spring inside the chest

noor olla on kevadet rinna sees kanda

it can't be foreseen

pole ette näha

it can't be helped, there's nothing to do (about it)

pole midagi teha

what do you want to do?

mis sa tahad teha?

when do you start to drive? (pl.)

millal te hakkate sõitma?

do you like to travel by airplane?

kas sulle meeldib lennukiga sõita?

come on a walk with us

tule meiega jalutama

why don't you want to speak to me? (2)

miks / mispärast sa ei taha minuga rääkida?

what is this (must) supposed to mean?

mis see peab tähendama?

if you want to read, then read

kui tahad lugeda, siis loe

there's no point in/it's not worth talking any more

ei maksa enam palju rääkida

i don't want to waste time

ma ei taha aega viita

i have to go now

ma pean nüüd minema

i'm thinking of going home soon

ma mõtlen varsti koju minna

let's get (start) going

hakkame minema

when do you start studying?

millal sa hakkad õppima?

i will try to do what's possible to help you

ma katsun teha, mis võimalik, et sind aidata

the child is learning to read

laps õpib lugema

you have to be polite to an older person

sa pead olema viisakas vanema inimese vastu

what do you want to say?

mis sa tahad ütelda?

i dont dare to go there

ma ei julge sinna minna

you may not smoke here

sa ei tohi siin suitsetada

i will try to come tomorrow

ma katsun tulla homme (= katsun homme tulla)

he/she must come soon

ta peab varsti tulema

can you sing? (2)

kas sa oskad laulda? oskad sa laulda?

i intend to go home soon (2)

ma kavatsen / mõtlen varsti koju minna

i have to speak with you

ma pean sinuga rääkima

may i/we/one come in? ar galima įeiti/užeiti?

kas tohib sisse astuda?

may i ask?

kas ma tohin küsida?

could i have/speak a couple of words with you? (porą žodžių)

kas ma võiksin sinuga paar sõna rääkida?

with whom do i have the honour of speaking? (k...)

kellega on mul au kõnelda?

how (with what) can i be of service (useful) to you? (sing./pl.)

millega võin sulle / teile kasulik olla?

i'd like to know what this means

ma tahaksin teada, mis see tähendab

i can't (manage to) dance any more

ma ei jõua enam tantsida

try to understand me (sing./pl.)

katsu(ge) minust aru saada

is smoking allowed here?

kas siin tohib suitsetada?

smoking is not permitted/allowed here

siin ei tohi suitsetada

it'll become apparent/one will see

saad näha

we'll see

saame näha

hard to say

raske ütelda

what can be done/what (is there) to do?

mis teha?

what are you thinking of doing now?

mis sa nüüd mõtled teha?

you can't/may not do that/so

nii ei tohi teha

there's nowhere to go

pole kuhugi minna

there's nothing to talk about

pole millestki rääkida

there's nothing you can do (to make it better), ничего не поделаешь, nieko nepadarysi, [делу] не поможет

pole midagi parata

i want to go home

ma tahan koju minna