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Еesti keel > conjugation/склонение + rules > Flashcards

conjugation/склонение + rules Flashcards

1
Q

present/future tense conjugation (regular)

A

mina -n
sina -d
tema -b
meie -me
teie -te
nemad -vad

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2
Q

olema (irregular conjugation)

A

ma olen
sa oled
ta on
me oleme
te olete
nad on

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3
Q

negative present tense conjugation

A

ei + verb’s present-stem without endings
ma ei tule
sa ei tule
ta ei tule
me ei tule
te ei tule
nad ei tule

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4
Q

imperative for 2nd person singular

A

verb’s present-stem without endings
tule!
loe!
räägi!

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5
Q

negative imperative for 2nd person singular

A

ära + verb’s present-stem without endings
ära tule!
ära loe!
ära räägi!

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6
Q

negative/ imperative for 2nd person singular of “to go”
(don’t go!)

A

mine!
ära mine!

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7
Q

to understand present tense conjugation

A

ma saan aru
sa saad aru
ta saab aru
me saame aru
te saate aru
nad saavad aru

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8
Q

present conditional tense conjugation

A

present stem + - ksi- + ending
ma tahaksin
sa tahaksid
ta tahaks
me tahaksime
te tahaksite
nad tahaksid

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9
Q

negative present cond. tense conjugation

A

ma ei tahaks
sa ei tahaks
ta ei tahaks
me ei tahaks
te ei tahaks
nad ei tahaks

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10
Q

possessive pronouns

A

minu (mu)
sinu (su)
tema (ta)
meie (me)
teie (te)
nende

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11
Q

diminutives

A

-ke
-kene
an adjective which modifies a noun with a diminutive ending does not take on the diminutive suffix: mu armas pojake

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12
Q

the illative case

A

(į ką) the space or object into which a motion occurs
gen. form + -sse (majasse - into the house)
some longer words which end in -se in gen. have a shortened illative form (õpilase - õpilasesse / õpilasse)

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13
Q

the inessive case

A

(kur) location inside a space or object
gen. form + -s (majas - in(side) the house)

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14
Q

the elative case

A

(iš ko/kur) out of; made of what?, pagamintas iš ko?; about whom / what, apie ką?
gen. form + -st (majast - out of the house)

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15
Q

illative case personal pronouns (-sse)

A

minusse (musse)
sinusse (susse)
temasse (tasse)
meisse
teisse
nendesse (neisse)

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16
Q

inessive case personal pronouns (-s)

A

minus (mus)
sinus (sus)
temas (tas)
meis
teis
nendes (neis)

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17
Q

elative case personal pronouns (-st)

A

minust (must)
sinust (sust)
temast (tast)
meist
teist
nendest (neist)

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18
Q

allative case

A

indicates the object onto the surface of which a movement occurs (ant ko)
indicates the person to whom one gives or says something (kam)
gen.form + -le
(pane raamat lauale)
(kirjuta vennale kiri)

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19
Q

adessive case

A

indicates the object on the surface of which something is found (ant ko)
used in expressions of time
gen.form + -l
(ma istun toolil)
(hommikul)

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20
Q

ablative case

A

indicates the object from the surface of which a movement occurs (nuo ko)
indicates the person from whom one receives, takes or demands (iš ko)
gen.form + -lt
(võta laualt pliiats)
(küsi vennalt, millal ta tuleb)

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21
Q

allative case personal pronouns (-le)

A

minule (mulle)
sinule (sulle)
temale (talle)
meile
teile
nendele (neile)

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22
Q

adessive case personal pronouns (-l)

A

minul (mul)
sinul (sul)
temal (tal)
meil
teil
nendel (neil)

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23
Q

ablative case personal pronouns (-lt)

A

minult (mult)
sinult (sult)
temalt (talt)
meilt
teilt
nendelt (neilt)

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24
Q

comitative case personal pronouns

A

minuga
sinuga
temaga
meiega
teiega
nendega

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25
Q

abessive case personal pronouns

A

minuta
sinuta
temata
meieta
teieta
nendeta

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26
Q

partitive personal pronouns

A

mind
sind
teda
meid
teid
neid

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27
Q

third form is used

A

numbers larger than 1
negative sentences
with words like ma söön, tahan, ulata palun, võta palun

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28
Q

plural imperative endings
second form ends in -ta
-da
-a

A

-ke / -tke
-ge (for both -da and -a)

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29
Q

past tense with -si- - istuma

A

ma istusin
sa istusid
ta istus
me istusime
te istusite
nad istusid

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30
Q

past tense with -si- - minema

A

ma läksin
sa läksid
ta läks
me läksime
te läksite
nad läksid

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31
Q

past tense with -i- - olema

A

ma olin
sa olid
ta oli
me olime
te olite
nad olid

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32
Q

past tense with -i- - saama

A

ma sain
sa said
ta sai
me saime
te saite
nad said

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33
Q

past tense - jooma

A

ma jõin
sa jõid
ta jõi
me jõime
te jõite
nad jõid

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34
Q

past tense with - i - tooma

A

ma tõin
sa tõid
ta tõi
me tõime
te tõite
nad tõid

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35
Q

past tense with -si- - tundma

A

ma tundsin
sa tundsid
ta tundis
me tundsime
te tundsite
nad tundsid

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36
Q

past tense with -si- - pidama (to hold)

A

ma pidasin
sa pidasid
ta pidas
me pidasime
te pidasite
nad pidasid

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37
Q

past tense with -i- - pidama (to have to)

A

ma pidin
sa pidid
ta pidi
me pidime
te pidite
nad pidid

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38
Q

past tense with -si- - käima

A

ma käisin
sa käisid
ta käis
me käisime
te käisite
nad käisid

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39
Q

past tense with -si- - rääkima

A

ma rääkisin
sa rääkisid
ta rääkis
me rääkisime
te rääkisite
nad rääkisid

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40
Q

past tense - teadma

A

ma teadsin
sa teadsid
ta teadis
me teadsime
te teadsite
nad teadsid

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41
Q

present tense - aitama

A

ma aitan
sa aitad
ta aitab
me aitame
te aitate
nad aitavad

42
Q

past tense - aitama

A

ma aitasin
sa aitasid
ta aitas
me aitasime
te aitasite
nad aitasid

43
Q

past tense - sõitma

A

ma sõitsin
sa sõitsid
ta sõitis
me sõitsime
te sõitsite
nad sõitsid

44
Q

past tense - võtma

A

ma võtsin
sa võtsid
ta võttis
me võtsime
te võtsite
nad võtsid

45
Q

past tense - nutma

A

ma nutsin
sa nutsid
ta nuttis
me nutsime
te nutsite
nad nutsid

46
Q

past tense - tõusma

A

ma tõusin
sa tõusid
ta tõusis
me tõusime
te tõusite
nad tõusid

47
Q

past tense - tulema

A

ma tulin
sa tulid
ta tuli
me tulime
te tulite
nad tulid

48
Q

past tense - tegema

A

ma tegin
sa tegid
ta tegi
me tegime
te tegite
nad tegid

49
Q

past tense - nägema

A

ma nägin
sa nägid
ta nägi
me nägime
te nägite
nad nägid

50
Q

past tense - surema

A

ma surin
sa surid
ta suri
me surime
te surite
nad surid

51
Q

past tense - panema

A

ma panin
sa panid
ta pani
me panime
te panite
nad panid

52
Q

past tense - laskma (to allow, to shoot)

A

ma lasksin, lasin
sa lasksid, lasid
ta laskis, lasi
me lasksime, lasime
te lasksite, lasite
nad lasksid, lasid

53
Q

past tense - lööma (to hit)

A

ma lõin
sa lõid
ta lõi
me lõime
te lõite
nad lõid

54
Q

past tense - looma

A

ma lõin
sa lõid
ta lõi
me lõime
te lõite
nad lõid

55
Q

negative past tense is formed

A

ei + stem of the -da infinitive with -nud suffix

56
Q

-nud participle is formed

A

stem of the -da infinitive + -nud

57
Q

negative past tense - to read

A

ma ei lugenud
sa ei lugenud
ta ei lugenud
me ei lugenud
te ei lugenud
nad ei lugenud

58
Q

negative past tense - to see

A

ma ei näinud / näind
sa ei näinud / näind
ta ei näinud / näind
me ei näinud / näind
te ei näinud / näind
nad ei näinud / näind

59
Q

negative past tense - to do

A

ma ei teinud / teind
sa ei teinud / teind
ta ei teinud / teind
me ei teinud / teind
te ei teinud / teind
nad ei teinud / teind

60
Q

negative past tense - to go

A

ma ei läinud
sa ei läinud
ta ei läinud
me ei läinud
te ei läinud
nad ei läinud

61
Q

negative past tense - to run

A

ma ei jooksnud
sa ei jooksnud
ta ei jooksnud
me ei jooksnud
te ei jooksnud
nad ei jooksnud

62
Q

negative past tense - to eat

A

ma ei söönud
sa ei söönud
ta ei söönud
me ei söönud
te ei söönud
nad ei söönud

63
Q

negative past tense - to drink

A

ma ei joonud
sa ei joonud
ta ei joonud
me ei joonud
te ei joonud
nad ei joonud

64
Q

negative past tense - to hit (lüüa)

A

ma ei löönud
sa ei löönud
ta ei löönud
me ei löönud
te ei löönud
nad ei löönud

65
Q

negative past tense - to bring

A

ma ei toonud
sa ei toonud
ta ei toonud
me ei toonud
te ei toonud
nad ei toonud

66
Q

past tense - to write

A

ma kirjutasin
sa kirjutasid
ta kirjutas
me kirjutasime
te kirjutasite
nad kirjutasid

67
Q

past tense - to say

A

ma ütlesin
sa ütlesid
ta ütles
me ütlesime
te ütlesite
nad ütlesid

68
Q

‘to be’ -nud participle

A

(ei) olnud

69
Q

‘to say’ -nud participle

A

(ei) ütelnud / öelnud

70
Q

‘to help’ -nud participle

A

(ei) aidanud

71
Q

‘to wait’ -nud participle

A

(ei) oodanud

72
Q

‘to walk’ -nud participle (k…)

A

(ei) käinud

73
Q

‘to come’ -nud participle

A

(ei) tulnud

74
Q

‘to die’ -nud participle

A

(ei) surnud

75
Q

‘to work’ -nud participle

A

(ei) töötanud

76
Q

present perfect tense - to read

A

ma olen lugenud
sa oled lugenud
ta on lugenud
me oleme lugenud
te olete lugenud
nad on lugenud

77
Q

negative present perfect tense - to read

A

ma ei ole / pole lugenud
sa ei ole / pole lugenud
ta ei ole / pole lugenud
me ei ole / pole lugenud
te ei ole / pole lugenud
nad ei ole / pole lugenud

78
Q

past perfect tense - to read

A

ma olin lugenud
sa olid lugenud
ta oli lugenud
me olime lugenud
te olite lugenud
nad olid lugenud

79
Q

negative past perfect tense - to read

A

ma ei olnud / polnud lugenud
sa ei olnud / polnud lugenud
ta ei olnud / polnud lugenud
me ei olnud / polnud lugenud
te ei olnud / polnud lugenud
nad ei olnud / polnud lugenud

80
Q

conditional perfect tense is formed

A

present conditional tense of ‘olema’ (-ks) + -nud participle
(indicates an action that would have happened in case something else would have occurred)

81
Q

ending added to verbs to indicate ‘for what purpose’, milleks?

A

-ks
laulmaks = selleks et laulda

82
Q

the gerund

A

-des / -tes / -es
added to the stem of the -da infinitive
lauldes
joostes
tulles

83
Q

to start (algama) - present tense

A

ma algan
sa algad
ta algab
me algame
te algate
nad algavad

84
Q

past tense - to start

A

ma algasin
sa algasid
ta algas
me algasime
te algasite
nad algasid

85
Q

conditional tense - to start (i would start, …)

A

ma algaksin, algaks
sa algaksid, algaks
ta algaks
me algaksime, algaks
te algaksite, algaks
nad algaksid, algaks

86
Q

to start -nud participle

A

alanud

87
Q

to order - present tense

A

ma käsin
sa käsid
ta käsib
me käsime
te käsite
nad käsivad

88
Q

do not order/command

A

ära käsi

89
Q

to order/command -nud participle

A

käskinud

90
Q

to order/command past tense

A

ma käskisin
sa käskisid
ta käskis
me käskisime
te käskisite
nad käskisid

91
Q

the translative case -ks usages

A

a. to indicated what someone/something is turning into, expresses a change in identity or condition
b. in the sense of ‘to consider (as)’
c. to indicate the purpose or goal of the action of a verb
d. to indicate the time during which or by which something occurs
e. to indicate the order in which something occurs

92
Q

personal pronouns in translative case

A

minuks
sinuks
temaks
meieks
teieks
nendeks

93
Q

the emphatic particle -ki/-gi is used

A

to give special emphasis to a word (any word, not only nouns)
English equivalent could be ‘even’ or ‘indeed’, negative - ‘(not) even’ or ‘(not/none) at all’

94
Q

jutlema past tense

A

jutlesin
jutlesid
jutles
jutlesime
jutlesite
jutlesid

95
Q

terminative case personal pronouns (until who/what, iki ko?)

A

minuni
sinuni
temani
meieni
teieni
nendeni

96
Q

essive case personal pronouns (as who/what, kuo)

A

minuna
sinuna
temana
meiena
teiena
nendena

97
Q

personal pronouns in partitive

A

mind
sind
teda
meid
teid
neid

98
Q

past tense - ostma

A

ostsin
ostsid
ostis
ostsime
ostsite
ostsid

99
Q

past tense - otsima

A

otsisin
otsisid
otsis
otsisime
otsisite
otsisid

100
Q

the total object

A

all three conditions are met in a sentence:
1) the sentence is affirmative
2) the action of the verb leads to completion
3) the object is affected in its entirety
+ in an imperative sentence - nom.case, statement - gen. if sing., nom. if plural.
+ total object with a present/future verb, the verb is translated in the future tense - if it were translated in the present tense, the action would be incomplete and require a partial object.

101
Q

the partial object

A

any one of the conditions is met:
1) the sentence is negative
2) the verb expresses an on-going, incomplete or repeated action
3) the action of the verb is directed towards an undetermined or indefinite portion of the object
+ the partial obj. is always in part., both in sing. and plural.

Еesti keel (41 decks)

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