m2 ch5 Flashcards
define motivation
the psychological processes that underlie the direction, intensity, and persistence of behavior or thought
what are the 3 components of motivation?
direction, intensity, persistence
what is extrinsic motivation?
results from the potential or actual receipt of external rewards such as recognition, money, or a promotion
what is intrinsic motivation?
occurs when an individual is inspired by the positive internal feelings that are generated by doing well
what are the content theories of motivation?
identifying internal factors such as needs and satisfaction that energize employee motivation
what are the process theories of motivation?
explain the process by which internal factors and situational factors influence employee motivation
what are 4 examples of content theories of motivation?
Maslow’s needs hierarchy, Herzberg’s two-factor theory, Theor X and Theory Y, and equity theory
what are 2 examples of process theories of motivation?
expectancy theory, goal setting
What is McGregor Theory X and Y?
X: pessimistic view of employees, Y: modern and positive view of employee
What is Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs?
motivation is a function of 5 basic needs organized in an arranged hierarchy. once a need is satisfied, the next higher need is activated.
Know the 5 basic needs
physiological, safety, love, esteem, self-actualization
Does the order matter for Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs?
physiological, safety, love, esteem, self-actualization
What is Mclelland’s Acquired Needs Theory?
3 needs, achievement, affiliation, and power are the key drivers of employee behavior, PEOPLE VARY IN THE EXTENT TO WHICH THEY NEED THESE NEEDS
What is the need for achievement and what type of situations do they do best in?
the desire to excel, overcome obstacles, solve problems, and rival and surpass others.
What is the need for affiliation and what type of situations do they do best in?
the desire to maintain social relationships, to be liked, and to join groups
What is the need for power and what type of situations do they do best in?
the desire to influence, coach, teach, or encourage others to achieve
What is self-determination theory?
assumes that three innate needs influence our behavior and well-being, COMPETENCE, AUTONOMY, RELATEDNESS
What is Hezberg’s motivation-hygiene theory
job satisfaction and dissatisfaction arise from two different sets of factors, hygiene and motivating
What is hygiene and what are the factors that influence it?
may cause a person to be dissatisfied
What is motivators and what are the factors that influence it?
may cause a person to be satisfied
Which components are considered lower-level needs?
physiological, safety, hygiene factors, and half of love
Which components are considered higher-level needs?
esteem, power, motivating factors
What is equity theory?
a model of motivation that explains how people strive for fairness and justice in social exchanges or give-and-take relationships
How is equity theory based on cognitive dissonance?
it contends that people are motivated to maintain consistency between their beliefs and their behavior
What are outputs, inputs, and comparison of equity theory?
“what do i get out of my job” “what am I putting into my job” “how does my ratio of outputs and inputs compare with relevant others?”
What are the 3 outcomes of equity comparison?
equity, negative inequity, and positive equity
What happens if there is perceived inequity?
change outputs, leave the organizations
What is equity sensitivity?
individual differences
What describes someone high on equity sensitivity?
more outcome-oriented, EXTRINSIC
What describes someone low on equity sensitivity?
more input-oriented, INTRINSIC
