m2 ch1

Question 1

What are individual differences?

Answer 1

traits or other characteristics by which individuals may be distinguished from one another

Question 2

Define personality

Answer 2

the combination of stable physical, behavioral, and mental characteristics that give individuals their unique identities

Question 3

What are the 5 dimensions of personality?

Answer 3

Extroversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability, and openness to experience

Question 4

extroversion

Answer 4

outgoing, talkative, sociable, assertive

Question 5

agreeableness

Answer 5

trusting, good-natured, cooperative, softhearted

Question 6

conscientiousness

Answer 6

dependable, responsible, achievement-oriented, persistent

Question 7

emotional stability

Answer 7

relaxed, secure, unworried, less likely to have negative emotions under pressure

Question 8

openness to experience

Answer 8

intellectual, imaginative, curious, broad-minded

Question 9

conscientiousness has the…

Answer 9

strongest, most positive effects on performance across jobs

Question 10

extroversion is beneficial if…

Answer 10

the job involves interpersonal interaction and is a stronger predictor of a job predictor of job performance than agreeable-ness

Question 11

agreeable employees are more likely to stay with their jobs while…

Answer 11

openness tends to have a higher turnover

Question 12

intelligence

Answer 12

the ability to learn from experience, to reason abstractly, and to adapt to the surrounding environment

Question 13

theory of general intelligence

Answer 13

Charles Spearman invented factor analysis which analyzes correlations among tests and discovered a single general factor that emerged from performance on all tests of mental ability

Question 14

Theory of multiple intelligences

Answer 14

Howard Gardner proposed there are 8 different, independent constructs of intelligence, these abilities can be isolated and come from different areas of the brain

Question 15

Gardner’s 8 different constructs of intelligence

Answer 15

Linguistic, logical-mathematical, spatial, musical, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal, and naturalist

Question 16

Theory of Successful Intelligence

Answer 16

make the most of their strengths to make up for weaknesses, 3 key abilities are creative, analytical, and practical

Question 17

Core self-evaluation

Answer 17

a broad personality trait comprised of four narrow and positive individual traits

Question 18

4 narrow and positive individual traits

Answer 18

generalized self-efficacy, self-esteem, locus of control, emotional stability

Question 19

generalized self-efficacy

Answer 19

the belief about your chances of successfully accomplishing a task

Question 20

self-esteem

Answer 20

the general belief about your self-worth, relatively stable across a lifetime but can improve, best to apply yourself to areas or goals that are important to you

Question 21

locus of control

Answer 21

how much personal responsibility someone takes for their behavior and its consequences, external and internal

Question 22

internal locus of control

Answer 22

higher motivation, higher expectations, and exert more effort when given difficult tasks “I can make things happen/ determine my future/ accept my failures”

Question 23

external locus of control

Answer 23

more anxious, earn less/ smaller raises, less motivated by incentives “things happen to me, blame others for failures, can’t control the future

Question 24

impact of emotional stability

Answer 24

higher job performance, more organizational citizenship behaviors, few counter-productive work behaviors

Question 25

5 aspects of emotional intelligence

Answer 25

self-awareness, self-regulation, self-motivation, empathy, social skills

Question 26

benefits/ drawbacks of EI

Answer 26

better social relationships, greater well-being, increased satisfaction, no clear link to improved job performance, research remains unclear

Question 27

emotions are

Answer 27

complex, relatively brief responses aimed at a particular person, information, experience, or event

Question 28

emotions can change

Answer 28

psychological and physiological states, both positive and negative, plus past versus future

Question 29

anger

Answer 29

past, retrospective emotion

Question 30

fear

Answer 30

future, prospective emotion

Question 31

display norms

Answer 31

rules that dictate which types of emotions are expected and appropriate for their members to show

Question 32

employee selection

Answer 32

to those individuals who have relevant qualifications to fill existing or projected job openings

Question 33

what are the two types of selection models

Answer 33

person-job fit and person-organization fit

Question 34

person-job fit

Answer 34

selecting people who have the KSAs needed for the job

Question 35

person-organization fit

Answer 35

focuses on individual characteristics consistent with an organizational culture, and KSAs for future positions

Question 36

developing a selection system

Answer 36

determine which KSAs are needed through job analysis, develop measures to asses required KSAs, and decide on decision rules for handling applicant scores

Question 37

to be useful, measures should be…

Answer 37

reliable, valid, utility, and generalizable

Question 38

reliable

Answer 38

consistent, dependable, and stable: the degree to which measure is free from error (test-retest reliability)

Question 39

valid

Answer 39

demonstrates if the measure is “job-related”