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TOEFL-45 > List-7 > Flashcards

List-7 Flashcards

1
Q

acidity

A
  • *n. 酸度；酸性；酸过多；胃酸过多
  • ——————————————**
  1. the property of being acidic
  2. the taste experience when something acidic is taken into the mouth
  3. pH values below 7
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2
Q

acting

A
  • *adj. 代理的；装腔作势的
    n. 演技；演戏；假装
  • ——————————————**
  1. the performance of a part or role in a drama
  2. serving temporarily especially as a substitute
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3
Q

adoption

A
  • *n. 采用；收养；接受
  • ——————————————**
  1. the act of accepting with approval; favorable reception
  2. a legal proceeding that creates a parent-child relation between persons not related by blood; the adopted child is entitled to all privileges belonging to a natural child of the adoptive parents (including the right to inherit)
  3. the appropriation (of ideas or words etc) from another source
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4
Q

alarm

A
  • *n. 闹钟；警报，警告器；惊慌
    vt. 警告；使惊恐
  • ——————————————**
  1. fear resulting from the awareness of danger
  2. a device that signals the occurrence of some undesirable event
  3. an automatic signal (usually a sound) warning of danger
  4. a clock that wakes sleeper at preset time
  5. fill with apprehension or alarm; cause to be unpleasantly surprised
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5
Q

alternate

A
  • *vi. 交替；轮流
    vt. 使交替；使轮流
    adj. 交替的；轮流的
    n. 替换物
  • ——————————————**
  1. someone who takes the place of another person
  2. go back and forth; swing back and forth between two states or conditions
  3. exchange people temporarily to fulfill certain jobs and functions
  4. be an understudy or alternate for a role
  5. reverse (a direction, attitude, or course of action)
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6
Q

angiosperm

A
  • *n. [植] 被子植物
  • ——————————————**
  1. plants having seeds in a closed ovary
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7
Q

aquifer

A
  • *n. （美）蓄水层；含水土层
  • ——————————————**
  1. underground bed or layer yielding ground water for wells and springs etc
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8
Q

arboreal

A
  • *adj. 树木的；栖息在树上的
  • ——————————————**
  1. of or relating to or formed by trees
  2. inhabiting or frequenting trees
  3. resembling a tree in form and branching structure
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9
Q

aurora

A
  • *n. [地物] 极光；曙光
  • ——————————————**
  1. the first light of day
  2. an atmospheric phenomenon consisting of bands of light caused by charged solar particles following the earth’s magnetic lines of force
  3. (Roman mythology) goddess of the dawn; counterpart of Greek Eos
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10
Q

available

A
  • *adj. 有效的，可得的；可利用的；空闲的
  • ——————————————**
  1. obtainable or accessible and ready for use or service
  2. not busy; not otherwise committed
  3. convenient for use or disposal
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11
Q

awesome

A
  • *adj. 令人敬畏的；使人畏惧的；可怕的；极好的
  • ——————————————**
  1. inspiring awe or admiration or wonder
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12
Q

bacon

A
  • *n. 咸肉；腌肉；熏猪肉
  • ——————————————**
  1. back and sides of a hog salted and dried or smoked; usually sliced thin and fried
  2. English scientist and Franciscan monk who stressed the importance of experimentation; first showed that air is required for combustion and first used lenses to correct vision (1220-1292)
  3. English statesman and philosopher; precursor of British empiricism; advocated inductive reasoning (1561-1626)
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13
Q

balcony

A
  • *n. 阳台；包厢；戏院楼厅
  • ——————————————**
  1. an upper floor projecting from the rear over the main floor in an auditorium
  2. a platform projecting from the wall of a building and surrounded by a balustrade or railing or parapet
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14
Q

blush

A
  • *vi. 脸红；感到惭愧
    n. 脸红；红色；羞愧
    vt. 红著脸表示；使成红色
    n. (Blush)人名；(英)布拉什
  • ——————————————**
  1. a rosy color (especially in the cheeks) taken as a sign of good health
  2. sudden reddening of the face (as from embarrassment or guilt or shame or modesty)
  3. turn red, as if in embarrassment or shame
  4. become rosy or reddish
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15
Q

break

A
  • *v. 打破；折断；弄坏；削弱
    vt. （使）破；打破（纪录）；（常指好天气）突变；开始
    vi. （嗓音）突变；突破；破晓；（价格）突然下跌
    n. 破裂；间断；（持续一段时间的状况的）改变；间歇
    n. (Break)人名；(英)布雷克
  • ——————————————**
  1. some abrupt occurrence that interrupts an ongoing activity
  2. an unexpected piece of good luck
  3. (geology) a crack in the earth’s crust resulting from the displacement of one side with respect to the other
  4. a personal or social separation (as between opposing factions)
  5. a pause from doing something (as work)
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16
Q

buckle

A
  • *vi. 扣住；变弯曲
    vt. 扣住；使弯曲
    n. 皮带扣，带扣
    n. (Buckle)人名；(英)巴克尔
  • ——————————————**
  1. fastener that fastens together two ends of a belt or strap; often has loose prong
  2. a shape distorted by twisting or folding
  3. fasten with a buckle or buckles
  4. fold or collapse
  5. bend out of shape, as under pressure or from heat
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17
Q

cardiac

A
  • *n. 强心剂；强胃剂
    adj. 心脏的；心脏病的；（胃的）喷门
  • ——————————————**
  1. of or relating to the heart
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18
Q

centennial

A
  • *adj. 一百年的
    n. 百年纪念
  • ——————————————**
  1. the 100th anniversary (or the celebration of it)
  2. of or relating to or completing a period of 100 years
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19
Q

chagrin

A
  • *n. 懊恼；委屈；气愤
    vt. 使…懊恼
    n. (Chagrin)人名；(英)沙格兰
  • ——————————————**
  1. strong feelings of embarrassment
  2. cause to feel shame; hurt the pride of
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20
Q

clog

A
  • *v. 阻塞；障碍
    n. 障碍；木底鞋
  • ——————————————**
  1. footwear usually with wooden soles
  2. any object that acts as a hindrance or obstruction
  3. a dance performed while wearing shoes with wooden soles; has heavy stamping steps
  4. become or cause to become obstructed
  5. dance a clog dance
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21
Q

collaborator

A
  • *n. [劳经] 合作者；勾结者；通敌者
  • ——————————————**
  1. someone who assists in a plot
  2. someone who collaborates with an enemy occupying force
  3. an associate who works with others toward a common goal
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22
Q

collide

A
  • *vi. 碰撞；抵触，冲突
    vt. 使碰撞；使相撞
  • ——————————————**
  1. crash together with violent impact
  2. be incompatible; be or come into conflict
  3. cause to collide
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23
Q

comet

A
  • *n. [天] 彗星
    n. (Comet)人名；(法)科梅
  • ——————————————**
  1. (astronomy) a relatively small extraterrestrial body consisting of a frozen mass that travels around the sun in a highly elliptical orbit
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24
Q

content

A
  • *n. 内容，目录；满足；容量
    adj. 满意的
    vt. 使满足
    n. (Content)人名；(法)孔唐
  • ——————————————**
  1. everything that is included in a collection
  2. what a communication that is about something is about
  3. the proportion of a substance that is contained in a mixture or alloy etc.
  4. the amount that can be contained
  5. the sum or range of what has been perceived, discovered, or learned
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25
Q

converge

A
  • *vt. 使汇聚
    vi. 聚集；靠拢；收敛
  • ——————————————**
  1. be adjacent or come together
  2. approach a limit as the number of terms increases without limit
  3. move or draw together at a certain location
  4. come together so as to form a single product
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26
Q

cost

A
  • *vt. 花费；使付出；使花许多钱
    n. 费用，代价，成本；损失
    vi. 花费
    n. (Cost)人名；(英、罗)科斯特
  • ——————————————**
  1. the total spent for goods or services including money and time and labor
  2. the property of having material worth (often indicated by the amount of money something would bring if sold)
  3. value measured by what must be given or done or undergone to obtain something
  4. be priced at
  5. require to lose, suffer, or sacrifice
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27
Q

costume

A
  • *n. 服装，装束；戏装，剧装
    vt. 给…穿上服装
  • ——————————————**
  1. the attire worn in a play or at a fancy dress ball
  2. unusual or period attire not characteristic of or appropriate to the time and place
  3. the prevalent fashion of dress (including accessories and hair style as well as garments)
  4. the attire characteristic of a country or a time or a social class
  5. dress in a costume
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28
Q

curl

A
  • *vt. 使…卷曲；使卷起来
    vi. 卷曲；盘绕
    n. 卷曲；卷发；螺旋状物
    n. (Curl)人名；(英)柯尔
  • ——————————————**
  1. a round shape formed by a series of concentric circles (as formed by leaves or flower petals)
  2. American chemist who with Richard Smalley and Harold Kroto discovered fullerenes and opened a new branch of chemistry (born in 1933)
  3. a strand or cluster of hair
  4. form a curl, curve, or kink
  5. shape one’s body into a curl
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29
Q

desolate

A
  • *adj. 荒凉的；无人烟的
    vt. 使荒凉；使孤寂
  • ——————————————**
  1. leave someone who needs or counts on you; leave in the lurch
  2. reduce in population
  3. devastate or ravage
  4. providing no shelter or sustenance
  5. crushed by grief
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30
Q

detest

A
  • *vt. 厌恶；憎恨
  • ——————————————**
  1. dislike intensely; feel antipathy or aversion towards
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31
Q

economy

A
  • *n. 经济；节约；理财
    n. (Economy)人名；(英)伊科诺米
  • ——————————————**
  1. the system of production and distribution and consumption
  2. the efficient use of resources
  3. frugality in the expenditure of money or resources
  4. an act of economizing; reduction in cost
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32
Q

emerald

A
  • *n. 绿宝石；[宝] 祖母绿；翠绿色
    adj. 翠绿色的
    n. (Emerald)人名；(英)埃默拉尔德(女子教名)
  • ——————————————**
  1. a green transparent form of beryl; highly valued as a gemstone
  2. a transparent piece of emerald that has been cut and polished and is valued as a precious gem
  3. the green color of an emerald
33
Q

emotion

A
  • *n. 情感；情绪
  • ——————————————**
  1. any strong feeling
34
Q

ethnology

A
  • *n. 人种学；人类文化学
  • ——————————————**
  1. the branch of anthropology that deals with the division of humankind into races and with their origins and distribution and distinctive characteristics
35
Q

exceed

A
  • *vt. 超过；胜过
    vi. 超过其他
  • ——————————————**
  1. go beyond
  2. go beyond
  3. be or do something to a greater degree
36
Q

expect

A
  • *vt. 期望；指望；认为；预料
    vi. 期待；预期
  • ——————————————**
  1. regard something as probable or likely
  2. consider obligatory; request and expect
  3. look forward to the probable occurrence of
  4. consider reasonable or due
  5. be pregnant with
37
Q

expressive

A
  • *adj. 表现的；有表现力的；表达…的
  • ——————————————**
  1. characterized by expression
38
Q

feminist

A
  • *n. 男女平等主义者
    adj. 主张男女平等的
  • ——————————————**
  1. a supporter of feminism
  2. of or relating to or advocating equal rights for women
39
Q

financial

A
  • *adj. 金融的；财政的，财务的
  • ——————————————**
  1. involving financial matters
40
Q

forerunner

A
  • *n. 先驱；先驱者；预兆
  • ——————————————**
  1. anything that precedes something similar in time
  2. a person who goes before or announces the coming of another
  3. an indication of the approach of something or someone
41
Q

hike

A
  • *vi. 远足；徒步旅行；上升
    vt. 提高；拉起；使…高涨
    n. 远足；徒步旅行；涨价
  • ——————————————**
  1. a long walk usually for exercise or pleasure
  2. an increase in cost
  3. the amount a salary is increased
  4. increase
  5. walk a long way, as for pleasure or physical exercise
42
Q

hurry

A
  • *n. 匆忙，急忙
    v. 仓促（做某事）；催促；（朝某方向）迅速移动；迅速处理
    n. （英）赫里（人名）
  • ——————————————**
  1. a condition of urgency making it necessary to hurry
  2. overly eager speed (and possible carelessness)
  3. the act of moving hurriedly and in a careless manner
  4. move very fast
  5. act or move at high speed
43
Q

identity

A
  • *n. 身份；同一性，一致；特性；恒等式
  • ——————————————**
  1. the distinct personality of an individual regarded as a persisting entity
  2. the individual characteristics by which a thing or person is recognized or known
  3. an operator that leaves unchanged the element on which it operates
  4. exact sameness
44
Q

impending

A
  • *adj. 即将发生的；迫切的；悬挂的
    v. 迫近；悬空（impend的现在分词）
  • ——————————————**
  1. close in time; about to occur
45
Q

inaccessible

A
  • *adj. 难达到的；难接近的；难见到的
  • ——————————————**
  1. capable of being reached only with great difficulty or not at all
  2. not capable of being obtained
46
Q

indicative

A
  • *adj. 象征的；指示的；表示…的
    n. 陈述语气；陈述语气的动词形式
  • ——————————————**
  1. a mood (grammatically unmarked) that represents the act or state as an objective fact
  2. relating to the mood of verbs that is used simple declarative statements
  3. (usually followed by `of’) pointing out or revealing clearly
47
Q

inventory

A
  • *n. 存货，存货清单；详细目录；财产清册
  • ——————————————**
  1. a detailed list of all the items in stock
  2. the merchandise that a shop has on hand
  3. (accounting) the value of a firm’s current assets including raw materials and work in progress and finished goods
  4. a collection of resources
  5. making an itemized list of merchandise or supplies on hand
48
Q

keen

A
  • *adj. 敏锐的，敏捷的；渴望的；强烈的；热心的；锐利的
    n. 痛哭，挽歌
    n. (Keen)人名；(英)基恩；(德)肯；(肯)金
  • ——————————————**
  1. a funeral lament sung with loud wailing
  2. express grief verbally
  3. having or demonstrating ability to recognize or draw fine distinctions
  4. intense or sharp
  5. very good
49
Q

landmass

A
  • *n. 大陆
  • ——————————————**
  1. a large continuous extent of land
50
Q

latent

A
  • *adj. 潜在的；潜伏的；隐藏的
  • ——————————————**
  1. potentially existing but not presently evident or realized
  2. not presently active
51
Q

layer

A
  • *n. 层，层次；膜；[植]压条；放置者，计划者
    vt. 把…分层堆放；借助压条法；生根繁殖；将（头发）剪成不同层次
    vi. 形成或分成层次；[植]通过压条法而生根
  • ——————————————**
  1. single thickness of usually some homogeneous substance
  2. a relatively thin sheetlike expanse or region lying over or under another
  3. an abstract place usually conceived as having depth
  4. a hen that lays eggs
  5. thin structure composed of a single thickness of cells
52
Q

manner

A
  • *n. 方式；习惯；种类；规矩；风俗
    n. (Manner)人名；(德、芬、瑞典)曼纳
  • ——————————————**
  1. how something is done or how it happens
  2. a way of acting or behaving
  3. a kind
53
Q

method

A
  • *n. 方法；条理；类函数
    adj. 使用体验派表演方法的
  • ——————————————**
  1. a way of doing something, especially a systematic way; implies an orderly logical arrangement (usually in steps)
  2. an acting technique introduced by Stanislavsky in which the actor recalls emotions or reactions from his or her own life and uses them to identify with the character being portrayed
54
Q

minimize

A
  • *vt. 使减到最少；小看，极度轻视
    vi. 最小化
  • ——————————————**
  1. make small or insignificant
  2. represent as less significant or important
  3. cause to seem less serious; play down
55
Q

monumental

A
  • *adj. 不朽的；纪念碑的；非常的
  • ——————————————**
  1. relating or belonging to or serving as a monument
  2. of outstanding significance
  3. imposing in size or bulk or solidity
56
Q

neutron

A
  • *n. [核] 中子
  • ——————————————**
  1. an elementary particle with 0 charge and mass about equal to a proton; enters into the structure of the atomic nucleus
57
Q

orchid

A
  • *n. 兰花；[植] 兰科植物；淡紫色
    adj. 淡紫色的
  • ——————————————**
  1. any of numerous plants of the orchid family usually having flowers of unusual shapes and beautiful colors
58
Q

patient

A
  • *adj. 有耐性的，能容忍的
    n. 病人；患者
    n. (Patient)人名；(法)帕蒂安
  • ——————————————**
  1. a person who requires medical care
  2. the semantic role of an entity that is not the agent but is directly involved in or affected by the happening denoted by the verb in the clause
  3. enduring trying circumstances with even temper or characterized by such endurance
  4. enduring without protest or complaint
59
Q

penmanship

A
  • *n. 书法；笔迹；笔法
  • ——————————————**
  1. beautiful handwriting
60
Q

permission

A
  • *n. 允许，许可
  • ——————————————**
  1. approval to do something
  2. the act of giving a formal (usually written) authorization
61
Q

plow

A
  • *vi. [农机] 犁；耕地；破浪前进；开路
    vt. [农机] 犁；耕；开路
    n. [农机] 犁；似犁的工具；北斗七星
  • ——————————————**
  1. a farm tool having one or more heavy blades to break the soil and cut a furrow prior to sowing
  2. to break and turn over earth especially with a plow
  3. deal with verbally or in some form of artistic expression
  4. move in a way resembling that of a plow cutting into or going through the soil
62
Q

preponderance

A
  • *n. 优势；多数；占优势
  • ——————————————**
  1. superiority in power or influence
  2. a superiority in numbers or amount
  3. exceeding in heaviness; having greater weight
63
Q

primal

A
  • *adj. 原始的；主要的；最初的
    n. 被压抑童年情绪的释放
    vt. 释放（被压抑的童年情绪）
  • ——————————————**
  1. serving as an essential component
  2. having existed from the beginning; in an earliest or original stage or state
64
Q

project

A
  • *vi. 设计；计划；表达；投射
    vt. 设计；计划；发射；放映
    n. 工程；计划；事业
  • ——————————————**
  1. any piece of work that is undertaken or attempted
  2. a planned undertaking
  3. communicate vividly
  4. extend out or project in space
  5. transfer (ideas or principles) from one domain into another
65
Q

propel

A
  • *vt. 推进；驱使；激励；驱策
  • ——————————————**
  1. cause to move forward with force
  2. give an incentive for action
66
Q

quotation

A
  • *n. [贸易] 报价单；引用语；引证
  • ——————————————**
  1. a short note recognizing a source of information or of a quoted passage
  2. a passage or expression that is quoted or cited
  3. a statement of the current market price of a security or commodity
  4. the practice of quoting from books or plays etc.
67
Q

ranch

A
  • *n. 大农场；大牧场
    vi. 经营牧场；在牧场工作
    vt. 经营牧场；在牧场饲养…
  • ——————————————**
  1. farm consisting of a large tract of land along with facilities needed to raise livestock (especially cattle)
  2. manage or run a ranch
68
Q

rash

A
  • *adj. 轻率的；鲁莽的；不顾后果的
    n. [皮肤] 皮疹；突然大量出现的事物
    n. (Rash)人名；(英、以、阿拉伯)拉什
  • ——————————————**
  1. any red eruption of the skin
  2. a series of unexpected and unpleasant occurrences
  3. imprudently incurring risk
  4. marked by defiant disregard for danger or consequences
69
Q

remodel

A
  • *vt. 改造；改变；改型
  • ——————————————**
  1. do over, as of (part of) a house
  2. cast or model anew
70
Q

render

A
  • *vt. 致使；提出；实施；着色；以…回报
    vi. 给予补偿
    n. 打底；交纳；粉刷
    n. (Render)人名；(英、德)伦德尔
  • ——————————————**
  1. a substance similar to stucco but exclusively applied to masonry walls
  2. cause to become
  3. provide or furnish with
  4. give an interpretation or rendition of
  5. give or supply
71
Q

sacrificial

A
  • *adj. 牺牲的；献祭的
  • ——————————————**
  1. used in or connected with a sacrifice
72
Q

score

A
  • *n. 分数；二十；配乐；刻痕
    vt. 获得；评价；划线，刻划；把…记下
    vi. 得分；记分；刻痕
    n. (Score)人名；(英)斯科尔
  • ——————————————**
  1. a number or letter indicating quality (especially of a student’s performance)
  2. a written form of a musical composition; parts for different instruments appear on separate staves on large pages
  3. a number that expresses the accomplishment of a team or an individual in a game or contest
  4. a set of twenty members
  5. grounds
73
Q

silicon

A
  • *n. [化学] 硅；硅元素
  • ——————————————**
  1. a tetravalent nonmetallic element; next to oxygen it is the most abundant element in the earth’s crust; occurs in clay and feldspar and granite and quartz and sand; used as a semiconductor in transistors
74
Q

simply

A
  • *adv. 简单地；仅仅；简直；朴素地；坦白地
  • ——————————————**
  1. and nothing more
  2. absolutely; altogether; really
  3. in a simple manner; without extravagance or embellishment
  4. absolutely
75
Q

sphere

A
  • *n. 范围；球体
    vt. 包围；放入球内；使…成球形
    adj. 球体的
  • ——————————————**
  1. a particular environment or walk of life
  2. any spherically shaped artifact
  3. the geographical area in which one nation is very influential
  4. a particular aspect of life or activity
  5. a solid figure bounded by a spherical surface (including the space it encloses)
76
Q

transcend

A
  • *vt. 胜过，超越
  • ——————————————**
  1. go beyond
  2. go beyond
77
Q

triangle

A
  • *n. 三角（形）；三角关系；三角形之物；三人一组
  • ——————————————**
  1. a three-sided polygon
  2. something approximating the shape of a triangle
  3. a small northern constellation near Perseus between Andromeda and Aries
  4. any of various triangular drafting instruments used to draw straight lines at specified angles
  5. a percussion instrument consisting of a metal bar bent in the shape of an open triangle
78
Q

typical

A
  • *adj. 典型的；特有的；象征性的
  • ——————————————**
  1. exhibiting the qualities or characteristics that identify a group or kind or category
  2. of a feature that helps to distinguish a person or thing
  3. conforming to a type
79
Q

viral

A
  • *adj. 滤过性毒菌引起的；滤过性毒菌的
  • ——————————————**
  1. relating to or caused by a virus

TOEFL-45 (45 decks)

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