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TOEFL-45 > List-10 > Flashcards

List-10 Flashcards

1
Q

acidic

A
  • *adj. 酸的，酸性的；产生酸的
  • ——————————————**
  1. being or containing an acid; of a solution having an excess of hydrogen atoms (having a pH of less than 7)
  2. being sour to the taste
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2
Q

adequate

A
  • *adj. 充足的；适当的；胜任的
  • ——————————————**
  1. (sometimes followed by `to’) meeting the requirements especially of a task
  2. enough to meet a purpose
  3. about average; acceptable
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3
Q

adorn

A
  • *vt. 装饰；使生色
    n. (Adorn)人名；(泰)阿隆
  • ——————————————**
  1. make more attractive by adding ornament, colour, etc.
  2. be beautiful to look at
  3. furnish with power or authority; of kings or emperors
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4
Q

approve

A
  • *vt. 批准；赞成；为…提供证据
    vi. 批准；赞成；满意
  • ——————————————**
  1. give sanction to
  2. judge to be right or commendable; think well of
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5
Q

atomic

A
  • *adj. 原子的，原子能的；微粒子的
  • ——————————————**
  1. of or relating to or comprising atoms
  2. (weapons) deriving destructive energy from the release of atomic energy
  3. immeasurably small
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6
Q

bacteria

A
  • *n. [微] 细菌
  • ——————————————**
  1. (microbiology) single-celled or noncellular spherical or spiral or rod-shaped organisms lacking chlorophyll that reproduce by fission; important as pathogens and for biochemical properties; taxonomy is difficult; often considered plants
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7
Q

breathing

A
  • *n. 呼吸；瞬间；微风
    adj. 呼吸的；逼真的
    v. 呼吸（breathe的现在分词）
  • ——————————————**
  1. the bodily process of inhalation and exhalation; the process of taking in oxygen from inhaled air and releasing carbon dioxide by exhalation
  2. passing or able to pass air in and out of the lungs normally; sometimes used in combination
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8
Q

bubble

A
  • *n. 气泡，泡沫，泡状物；透明圆形罩，圆形顶
    vi. 沸腾，冒泡；发出气泡声
    vt. 使冒泡；滔滔不绝地说
  • ——————————————**
  1. a hollow globule of gas (e.g., air or carbon dioxide)
  2. a speculative scheme that depends on unstable factors that the planner cannot control
  3. an impracticable and illusory idea
  4. a dome-shaped covering made of transparent glass or plastic
  5. form, produce, or emit bubbles
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9
Q

bulb

A
  • *n. 电灯泡；鳞茎；球状物
    vi. 生球茎；膨胀成球状
  • ——————————————**
  1. a modified bud consisting of a thickened globular underground stem serving as a reproductive structure
  2. electric lamp consisting of a transparent or translucent glass housing containing a wire filament (usually tungsten) that emits light when heated by electricity
  3. a rounded part of a cylindrical instrument (usually at one end)
  4. lower or hindmost part of the brain; continuous with spinal cord; (`bulb’ is an old term for medulla oblongata)
  5. a rounded dilation or expansion in a canal or vessel or organ
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10
Q

cluster

A
  • *n. 群；簇；丛；串
    vi. 群聚；丛生
    vt. 使聚集；聚集在某人的周围
    n. (Cluster)人名；(英)克拉斯特
  • ——————————————**
  1. a grouping of a number of similar things
  2. come together as in a cluster or flock
  3. gather or cause to gather into a cluster
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11
Q

consume

A
  • *vt. 消耗，消费；使…著迷；挥霍
    vi. 耗尽，毁灭；耗尽生命
  • ——————————————**
  1. eat immoderately
  2. serve oneself to, or consume regularly
  3. spend extravagantly
  4. destroy completely
  5. use up (resources or materials)
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12
Q

debris

A
  • *n. 碎片，残骸
    n. (Debris)人名；(法)德布里
  • ——————————————**
  1. the remains of something that has been destroyed or broken up
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13
Q

destined

A
  • *adj. 注定的；命定的；去往…的
    v. 注定（destine的过去式和过去分词）
  • ——————————————**
  1. headed or intending to head in a certain direction; often used as a combining form as in `college-bound students’
  2. (usually followed by `to’) governed by fate
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14
Q

distribute

A
  • *vt. 分配；散布；分开；把…分类
  • ——————————————**
  1. administer or bestow, as in small portions
  2. distribute or disperse widely
  3. make available
  4. give out
  5. cause to be distributed
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15
Q

dolphin

A
  • *n. 海豚
    n. (Dolphin)人名；(英)多尔芬
  • ——————————————**
  1. large slender food and game fish widely distributed in warm seas (especially around Hawaii)
  2. any of various small toothed whales with a beaklike snout; larger than porpoises
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16
Q

drill

A
  • *n. 训练；钻孔机；钻子；播种机
    vi. 钻孔；训练
    vt. 钻孔；训练；条播
    n. (Drill)人名；(德、英)德里尔
  • ——————————————**
  1. a tool with a sharp point and cutting edges for making holes in hard materials (usually rotating rapidly or by repeated blows)
  2. similar to the mandrill but smaller and less brightly colored
  3. systematic training by multiple repetitions
  4. (military) the training of soldiers to march (as in ceremonial parades) or to perform the manual of arms
  5. make a hole with a pointed power or hand tool
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17
Q

elementary

A
  • *adj. 基本的；初级的；[化学] 元素的
  • ——————————————**
  1. easy and not involved or complicated
  2. of or being the essential or basic part
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18
Q

engraving

A
  • *n. 雕刻；雕刻术；雕刻品
    v. 在…上雕刻；给…深刻的印象（engrave的ing形式）
  • ——————————————**
  1. a print made from an engraving
  2. a block or plate that has been engraved
  3. making engraved or etched plates and printing designs from them
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19
Q

entitle

A
  • *vt. 称做…；定名为…；给…称号；使…有权利
  • ——————————————**
  1. give the right to
  2. give a title to
  3. give a title to someone; make someone a member of the nobility
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20
Q

expansion

A
  • *n. 膨胀；阐述；扩张物
  • ——————————————**
  1. the act of increasing (something) in size or volume or quantity or scope
  2. a discussion that provides additional information
  3. adding information or detail
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21
Q

exposure

A
  • *n. 暴露；曝光；揭露；陈列
  • ——————————————**
  1. vulnerability to the elements; to the action of heat or cold or wind or rain
  2. the act of subjecting someone to an influencing experience
  3. the disclosure of something secret
  4. aspect re light or wind
  5. the state of being vulnerable or exposed
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22
Q

farce

A
  • *n. 闹剧；胡闹；笑剧
    n. (Farce)人名；(法)法尔斯
  • ——————————————**
  1. a comedy characterized by broad satire and improbable situations
  2. mixture of ground raw chicken and mushrooms with pistachios and truffles and onions and parsley and lots of butter and bound with eggs
  3. fill with a stuffing while cooking
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23
Q

flexible

A
  • *adj. 灵活的；柔韧的；易弯曲的
  • ——————————————**
  1. capable of being changed
  2. able to flex; able to bend easily
  3. able to adjust readily to different conditions
  4. bending and snapping back readily without breaking
  5. making or willing to make concessions
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24
Q

fulfill

A
  • *vt. 履行；实现；满足；使结束（等于fulfil）
  • ——————————————**
  1. put in effect
  2. fulfil the requirements or expectations of
  3. fill or meet a want or need
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25
Q

gender

A
  • *n. 性；性别；性交
    vt. 生（过去式gendered，过去分词gendered，现在分词gendering，第三人称单数genders，形容词genderless）
  • ——————————————**
  1. a grammatical category in inflected languages governing the agreement between nouns and pronouns and adjectives; in some languages it is quite arbitrary but in Indo-European languages it is usually based on sex or animateness
  2. the properties that distinguish organisms on the basis of their reproductive roles
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26
Q

genius

A
  • *n. 天才，天赋；精神
  • ——————————————**
  1. someone who has exceptional intellectual ability and originality
  2. unusual mental ability
  3. someone who is dazzlingly skilled in any field
  4. exceptional creative ability
  5. a natural talent
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27
Q

gospel

A
  • *n. 真理；信条
    adj. 传播福音的；福音赞美诗的
  • ——————————————**
  1. the four books in the New Testament (Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John) that tell the story of Christ’s life and teachings
  2. an unquestionable truth
  3. folk music consisting of a genre of a cappella music originating with Black slaves in the United States and featuring call and response; influential on the development of other genres of popular music (especially soul)
  4. the written body of teachings of a religious group that are generally accepted by that group
  5. a doctrine that is believed to be of great importance
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28
Q

hamper

A
  • *vt. 妨碍；束缚；使困累
    n. 食盒，食篮；阻碍物
  • ——————————————**
  1. a restraint that confines or restricts freedom (especially something used to tie down or restrain a prisoner)
  2. a basket usually with a cover
  3. prevent the progress or free movement of
  4. put at a disadvantage
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29
Q

hygiene

A
  • *n. 卫生；卫生学；保健法
  • ——————————————**
  1. a condition promoting sanitary practices
  2. the science concerned with the prevention of illness and maintenance of health
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30
Q

ideology

A
  • *n. 意识形态；思想意识；观念学
  • ——————————————**
  1. an orientation that characterizes the thinking of a group or nation
  2. imaginary or visionary theorization
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31
Q

inconvenient

A
  • *adj. 不便的；打扰的
  • ——————————————**
  1. not suited to your comfort, purpose or needs
  2. not conveniently timed
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32
Q

infrared

A
  • *n. 红外线
    adj. 红外线的
  • ——————————————**
  1. the infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum; electromagnetic wave frequencies below the visible range
  2. electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths longer than visible light but shorter than radio waves
  3. having or employing wavelengths longer than light but shorter than radio waves; lying outside the visible spectrum at its red end
33
Q

invasion

A
  • *n. 入侵，侵略；侵袭；侵犯
  • ——————————————**
  1. the act of invading; the act of an army that invades for conquest or plunder
  2. any entry into an area not previously occupied
  3. (pathology) the spread of pathogenic microorganisms or malignant cells to new sites in the body
34
Q

junction

A
  • *n. 连接，接合；交叉点；接合点
  • ——————————————**
  1. the place where two or more things come together
  2. the state of being joined together
  3. the shape or manner in which things come together and a connection is made
  4. something that joins or connects
  5. an act of joining or adjoining things
35
Q

laureate

A
  • *adj. 戴桂冠的；荣誉的
    n. 桂冠诗人；得奖者
    vt. 使戴桂冠
  • ——————————————**
  1. someone honored for great achievements; figuratively someone crowned with a laurel wreath
  2. worthy of the greatest honor or distinction
36
Q

literary

A
  • *adj. 文学的；书面的；精通文学的
  • ——————————————**
  1. of or relating to or characteristic of literature
  2. knowledgeable about literature
  3. appropriate to literature rather than everyday speech or writing
37
Q

mammoth

A
  • *n. 长毛象；猛犸象；庞然大物
    adj. 巨大的，庞大的；猛犸似的
  • ——————————————**
  1. any of numerous extinct elephants widely distributed in the Pleistocene; extremely large with hairy coats and long upcurved tusks
  2. so exceedingly large or extensive as to suggest a giant or mammoth
38
Q

mania

A
  • *n. 狂热；狂躁；热衷
    n. (Mania)人名；(罗、阿拉伯、西)马尼亚
  • ——————————————**
  1. an irrational but irresistible motive for a belief or action
  2. a mood disorder; an affective disorder in which the victim tends to respond excessively and sometimes violently
39
Q

manual

A
  • *adj. 手工的；体力的
    n. 手册，指南
  • ——————————————**
  1. a small handbook
  2. (military) a prescribed drill in handling a rifle
  3. of or relating to the hands
  4. requiring human effort
  5. doing or requiring physical work
40
Q

melody

A
  • *n. 旋律；歌曲；美妙的音乐
    n. (Melody)人名；(英)梅洛迪
  • ——————————————**
  1. a succession of notes forming a distinctive sequence
  2. the perception of pleasant arrangements of musical notes
41
Q

moral

A
  • *adj. 道德的；精神上的；品性端正的
    n. 道德；寓意
    n. (Moral)人名；(德、法、西、葡、土)莫拉尔
  • ——————————————**
  1. the significance of a story or event
  2. relating to principles of right and wrong; i.e. to morals or ethics
  3. concerned with principles of right and wrong or conforming to standards of behavior and character based on those principles
  4. adhering to ethical and moral principles
  5. arising from the sense of right and wrong
42
Q

muggy

A
  • *adj. 闷热的；潮湿的
  • ——————————————**
  1. hot or warm and humid
43
Q

naive

A
  • *adj. 天真的,幼稚的
  • ——————————————**
  1. marked by or showing unaffected simplicity and lack of guile or worldly experience
  2. of or created by one without formal training; simple or naive in style
  3. inexperienced
  4. lacking information or instruction
  5. not initiated; deficient in relevant experience
44
Q

narrate

A
  • *vt. 叙述；给…作旁白
    vi. 叙述；讲述
  • ——————————————**
  1. provide commentary for a film, for example
  2. narrate or give a detailed account of
45
Q

notion

A
  • *n. 概念；见解；打算
  • ——————————————**
  1. a vague idea in which some confidence is placed
  2. a general inclusive concept
  3. an odd or fanciful or capricious idea
  4. (usually plural) small personal articles or clothing or sewing items
46
Q

offer

A
  • *vt. 提供；出价；试图
    n. 提议；出价；意图；录取通知书
    vi. 提议；出现；献祭；求婚
  • ——————————————**
  1. the verbal act of offering
  2. something offered (as a proposal or bid)
  3. a usually brief attempt
  4. make available or accessible, provide or furnish
  5. present for acceptance or rejection
47
Q

outbreak

A
  • *n. （战争的）爆发；（疾病的）发作
    vi. 爆发
  • ——————————————**
  1. a sudden violent spontaneous occurrence (usually of some undesirable condition)
48
Q

overload

A
  • *vt. 超载，超过负荷
    n. 超载；负荷过多
  • ——————————————**
  1. an electrical load that exceeds the available electrical power
  2. an excessive burden
  3. become overloaded
  4. fill to excess so that function is impaired
  5. place too much a load on
49
Q

partial

A
  • *adj. 局部的；偏爱的；不公平的
  • ——————————————**
  1. the derivative of a function of two or more variables with respect to a single variable while the other variables are considered to be constant
  2. a harmonic with a frequency that is a multiple of the fundamental frequency
  3. being or affecting only a part; not total
  4. showing favoritism
  5. (followed by of' or to’) having a strong preference or liking for
50
Q

populate

A
  • *vt. 居住于；构成人口；移民于；殖民于
  • ——————————————**
  1. furnish with people
  2. fill with people or supply with inhabitants
51
Q

prevailing

A
  • *adj. 流行的；一般的，最普通的；占优势的；盛行很广的
    v. 盛行，流行（prevail的现在分词形式）；获胜
  • ——————————————**
  1. most frequent or common
  2. encountered generally especially at the present time
52
Q

prohibitively

A
  • *adv. 禁止地；过高地；过分地
  • ——————————————**
  1. to a prohibitive degree
53
Q

proofread

A
  • *vt. 校对，校勘
    vi. 做校对工作
  • ——————————————**
  1. read for errors
54
Q

protest

A
  • *vi. 抗议；断言
    vt. 抗议；断言
    n. 抗议
    adj. 表示抗议的；抗议性的
  • ——————————————**
  1. a formal and solemn declaration of objection
  2. the act of protesting; a public (often organized) manifestation of dissent
  3. the act of making a strong public expression of disagreement and disapproval
  4. utter words of protest
  5. express opposition through action or words
55
Q

quota

A
  • *n. 配额；定额；限额
  • ——————————————**
  1. a prescribed number
  2. a proportional share assigned to each participant
  3. a limitation on imports
56
Q

rampant

A
  • *adj. 猖獗的；蔓延的；狂暴的；奔放的
    n. (Rampant)人名；(法)朗庞
  • ——————————————**
  1. unrestrained and violent
  2. rearing on left hind leg with forelegs elevated and head usually in profile
  3. (of a plant) having a lush and unchecked growth
57
Q

ratio

A
  • *n. 比率，比例
  • ——————————————**
  1. the relative magnitudes of two quantities (usually expressed as a quotient)
58
Q

recital

A
  • *n. 朗诵，吟诵；独奏会；背诵；独唱会
  • ——————————————**
  1. the act of giving an account describing incidents or a course of events
  2. performance of music or dance especially by soloists
  3. a public instance of reciting or repeating (from memory) something prepared in advance
  4. a detailed statement giving facts and figures
  5. a detailed account or description of something
59
Q

reckless

A
  • *adj. 鲁莽的，不顾后果的；粗心大意的
    n. (Reckless)人名；(英)雷克利斯
  • ——————————————**
  1. marked by defiant disregard for danger or consequences
  2. characterized by careless unconcern
60
Q

restoration

A
  • *n. 恢复；复位；王政复辟；归还
  • ——————————————**
  1. the reign of Charles II in England; 1660-1685
  2. the act of restoring something or someone to a satisfactory state
  3. getting something back again
  4. the state of being restored to its former good condition
  5. some artifact that has been restored or reconstructed
61
Q

rodent

A
  • *adj. 啮齿类的；咬的，嚼的；侵蚀性的
    n. [脊椎] 啮齿动物
  • ——————————————**
  1. relatively small gnawing animals having a single pair of constantly growing incisor teeth specialized for gnawing
62
Q

scholarship

A
  • *n. 奖学金；学识，学问
  • ——————————————**
  1. financial aid provided to a student on the basis of academic merit
  2. profound scholarly knowledge
63
Q

scuba

A
  • *n. 水肺；水中呼吸器
  • ——————————————**
  1. a device (trade name Aqua-Lung) that lets divers breathe under water; scuba is an acronym for self-contained underwater breathing apparatus
64
Q

sedimentary

A
  • *adj. 沉淀的
  • ——————————————**
  1. resembling or containing or formed by the accumulation of sediment
  2. produced by the action of water
65
Q

sewerage

A
  • *n. 污水；排水设备
  • ——————————————**
  1. waste matter carried away in sewers or drains
  2. a waste pipe that carries away sewage or surface water
66
Q

shower

A
  • *n. 淋浴；（倾泻般出现的）一阵，一大批；阵雨
    vt. 大量地给予；把……弄湿
    vi. 淋浴；下阵雨
  • ——————————————**
  1. a plumbing fixture that sprays water over you
  2. washing yourself by standing upright under water sprayed from a nozzle
  3. a brief period of precipitation
  4. a sudden downpour (as of tears or sparks etc) likened to a rain shower
  5. someone who organizes an exhibit for others to see
67
Q

silt

A
  • *n. 淤泥，泥沙；煤粉；残渣
    vi. 淤塞，充塞；为淤泥堵塞
    vt. 使淤塞；充塞
  • ——————————————**
  1. mud or clay or small rocks deposited by a river or lake
  2. become chocked with silt
68
Q

stripe

A
  • *n. 条纹，斑纹；种类
    vt. 加条纹于…
  • ——————————————**
  1. an adornment consisting of a strip of a contrasting color or material
  2. a piece of braid, usually on the sleeve, indicating military rank or length of service
  3. V-shaped sleeve badge indicating military rank and service
  4. a kind or category
  5. a marking of a different color or texture from the background
69
Q

suppose

A
  • *vt. 假设；认为；让（虚拟语气）；推想
    vi. 猜想；料想
    conj. 假使…结果会怎样
  • ——————————————**
  1. express a supposition
  2. expect, believe, or suppose
  3. to believe especially on uncertain or tentative grounds
  4. take for granted or as a given; suppose beforehand
  5. require as a necessary antecedent or precondition
70
Q

symptom

A
  • *n. [临床] 症状；征兆
  • ——————————————**
  1. (medicine) any sensation or change in bodily function that is experienced by a patient and is associated with a particular disease
  2. anything that accompanies X and is regarded as an indication of X’s existence
71
Q

tension

A
  • *n. 张力，拉力；紧张，不安；电压
    vt. 使紧张；使拉紧
  • ——————————————**
  1. feelings of hostility that are not manifest
  2. (psychology) a state of mental or emotional strain or suspense
  3. the physical condition of being stretched or strained
  4. a balance between and interplay of opposing elements or tendencies (especially in art or literature)
  5. (physics) a stress that produces an elongation of an elastic physical body
72
Q

treadmill

A
  • *n. 踏车，跑步机；单调的工作
  • ——————————————**
  1. an exercise device consisting of an endless belt on which a person can walk or jog without changing place
  2. a mill that is powered by men or animals walking on a circular belt or climbing steps
  3. a job involving drudgery and confinement
73
Q

tributary

A
  • *adj. 纳贡的；附属的；辅助的
    n. 支流；进贡国；附属国
  • ——————————————**
  1. a branch that flows into the main stream
  2. of a stream; flowing into a larger stream
  3. paying tribute
  4. tending to bring about; being partly responsible for
74
Q

undertaking

A
  • *n. 事业；企业；保证；殡仪业
    v. 同意；担任；许诺（undertake的ing形式）
  • ——————————————**
  1. any piece of work that is undertaken or attempted
  2. the trade of a funeral director
75
Q

unparalleled

A
  • *adj. 无比的；无双的；空前未有的
  • ——————————————**
  1. radically distinctive and without equal
76
Q

vertical

A
  • *adj. 垂直的，直立的；[解剖] 头顶的，顶点的
    n. 垂直线，垂直面
  • ——————————————**
  1. something that is oriented vertically
  2. a vertical structural member as a post or stake
  3. at right angles to the plane of the horizon or a base line
  4. relating to or involving all stages of a business from production to distribution
  5. upright in position or posture
77
Q

vigilance

A
  • *n. 警戒，警觉；警醒症
  • ——————————————**
  1. the process of paying close and continuous attention
  2. vigilant attentiveness
78
Q

vocal

A
  • *adj. 歌唱的；声音的，有声的
    n. 声乐作品；元音
    n. (Vocal)人名；(西)博卡尔
  • ——————————————**
  1. music intended to be performed by one or more singers, usually with instrumental accompaniment
  2. a short musical composition with words
  3. relating to or designed for or using the singing voice
  4. having or using the power to produce speech or sound
  5. given to expressing yourself freely or insistently
79
Q

wane

A
  • *vi. 衰落；变小；亏缺；退潮；消逝
    n. 衰退；月亏；衰退期；缺损
    n. (Wane)人名；(英)韦恩；(阿拉伯)瓦尼；(几、马里、塞内)瓦内
  • ——————————————**
  1. a gradual decline (in size or strength or power or number)
  2. grow smaller
  3. become smaller
  4. decrease in phase

TOEFL-45 (45 decks)

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