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TOEFL-45 > List-25 > Flashcards

List-25 Flashcards

1
Q

admire

A
  • *vt. 钦佩；赞美
    vi. 钦佩；称赞
  • ——————————————**
  1. feel admiration for
  2. look at with admiration
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2
Q

advance

A
  • *n. 发展；前进；增长；预付款
    vt. 提出；预付；使……前进；将……提前
    vi. 前进；进展；上涨
    adj. 预先的；先行的
  • ——————————————**
  1. a movement forward
  2. a change for the better; progress in development
  3. a tentative suggestion designed to elicit the reactions of others
  4. the act of moving forward toward a goal
  5. an amount paid before it is earned
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3
Q

advent

A
  • *n. 到来；出现；基督降临；基督降临节
  • ——————————————**
  1. arrival that has been awaited (especially of something momentous)
  2. the season including the four Sundays preceding Christmas
  3. (Christian theology) the reappearance of Jesus as judge for the Last Judgment
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4
Q

amusement

A
  • *n. 消遣，娱乐；乐趣
  • ——————————————**
  1. a feeling of delight at being entertained
  2. an activity that is diverting and that holds the attention
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5
Q

analysis

A
  • *n. 分析；分解；验定
  • ——————————————**
  1. an investigation of the component parts of a whole and their relations in making up the whole
  2. the abstract separation of a whole into its constituent parts in order to study the parts and their relations
  3. a form of literary criticism in which the structure of a piece of writing is analyzed
  4. the use of closed-class words instead of inflections: e.g., the father of the bride' instead of the bride’s father’
  5. a branch of mathematics involving calculus and the theory of limits; sequences and series and integration and differentiation
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6
Q

ancient

A
  • *adj. 古代的；古老的，过时的；年老的
    n. 古代人；老人
  • ——————————————**
  1. a very old person
  2. a person who lived in ancient times
  3. belonging to times long past especially of the historical period before the fall of the Western Roman Empire
  4. very old
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7
Q

apportion

A
  • *vt. 分配，分派；分摊
  • ——————————————**
  1. distribute according to a plan or set apart for a special purpose
  2. give out as one’s portion or share
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8
Q

appreciate

A
  • *vt. 欣赏；感激；领会；鉴别
    vi. 增值；涨价
  • ——————————————**
  1. recognize with gratitude; be grateful for
  2. be fully aware of; realize fully
  3. hold dear
  4. gain in value
  5. increase the value of
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9
Q

auxiliary

A
  • *n. 助动词；辅助者，辅助物；附属机构
    adj. 辅助的；副的；附加的
  • ——————————————**
  1. someone who acts as assistant
  2. functioning in a subsidiary or supporting capacity
  3. furnishing added support
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10
Q

bound

A
  • *adj. 有义务的；受约束的；装有封面的
    vt. 束缚；使跳跃
    n. 范围；跳跃
    vi. 限制；弹起
  • ——————————————**
  1. a line determining the limits of an area
  2. the line or plane indicating the limit or extent of something
  3. the greatest possible degree of something
  4. a light, self-propelled movement upwards or forwards
  5. move forward by leaps and bounds
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11
Q

brand

A
  • *vt. 铭刻于，铭记；打烙印于；印…商标于
    n. 商标，牌子；烙印
    n. (Brand)人名；(英、德、俄、西、意、罗、葡、捷、芬、瑞典、匈)布兰德；(法)布朗
  • ——————————————**
  1. a name given to a product or service
  2. a recognizable kind
  3. identification mark on skin, made by burning
  4. a piece of wood that has been burned or is burning
  5. a symbol of disgrace or infamy
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12
Q

buffalo

A
  • *n. [畜牧][脊椎] 水牛；[脊椎] 野牛（产于北美）；水陆两用坦克
    n. (Buffalo)人名；(英)布法罗
  • ——————————————**
  1. large shaggy-haired brown bison of North American plains
  2. a city on Lake Erie in western New York (near Niagara Falls)
  3. meat from an American bison
  4. any of several Old World animals resembling oxen including, e.g., water buffalo; Cape buffalo
  5. intimidate or overawe
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13
Q

bump

A
  • *n. 肿块，隆起物；撞击
    vi. 碰撞，撞击；颠簸而行
    vt. 碰，撞；颠簸
    adv. 突然地，猛烈地
    n. (Bump)人名；(英、西)邦普
  • ——————————————**
  1. a lump on the body caused by a blow
  2. something that bulges out or is protuberant or projects from its surroundings
  3. an impact (as from a collision)
  4. knock against with force or violence
  5. come upon, as if by accident; meet with
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14
Q

butter

A
  • *vt. 涂黄油于；讨好
    n. 黄油；奶油；奉承话
    n. (Butter)人名；(英)巴特；(德、匈)布特
  • ——————————————**
  1. an edible emulsion of fat globules made by churning milk or cream; for cooking and table use
  2. a fighter who strikes the opponent with his head
  3. spread butter on
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15
Q

cannibalism

A
  • *n. 食人；嗜食同类；残忍的行为
  • ——————————————**
  1. the practice of eating the flesh of your own kind
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16
Q

characterize

A
  • *vt. 描绘…的特性；具有…的特征
    vi. 塑造人物
  • ——————————————**
  1. describe or portray the character or the qualities or peculiarities of
  2. be characteristic of
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17
Q

civilian

A
  • *adj. 民用的；百姓的，平民的
    n. 平民，百姓
  • ——————————————**
  1. a nonmilitary citizen
  2. associated with or performed by civilians as contrasted with the military
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18
Q

clay

A
  • *n. [土壤] 粘土；泥土；肉体；似黏土的东西
    vt. 用黏土处理
    n. (Clay)人名；(英、法、西、意、葡)克莱
  • ——————————————**
  1. a very fine-grained soil that is plastic when moist but hard when fired
  2. water soaked soil; soft wet earth
  3. United States general who commanded United States forces in Europe from 1945 to 1949 and who oversaw the Berlin airlift (1897-1978)
  4. United States politician responsible for the Missouri Compromise between free and slave states (1777-1852)
  5. the dead body of a human being
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19
Q

companion

A
  • *n. 同伴；朋友；指南；手册
    vt. 陪伴
    n. (Companion)人名；(英)康帕宁
  • ——————————————**
  1. a person who is frequently in the company of another
  2. a traveler who accompanies you
  3. one paid to accompany or assist or live with another
  4. be a companion to somebody
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20
Q

comparative

A
  • *adj. 比较的；相当的
    n. 比较级；对手
  • ——————————————**
  1. the comparative form of an adjective
  2. relating to or based on or involving comparison
  3. having significance only in relation to something else
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21
Q

competence

A
  • *n. 能力，胜任；权限；作证能力；足以过舒适生活的收入
  • ——————————————**
  1. the quality of being adequately or well qualified physically and intellectually
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22
Q

concomitant

A
  • *adj. 相伴的；共存的；附随的
    n. 伴随物
  • ——————————————**
  1. an event or situation that happens at the same time as or in connection with another
  2. following as a consequence
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23
Q

condense

A
  • *vi. 浓缩；凝结
    vt. 使浓缩；使压缩
  • ——————————————**
  1. undergo condensation; change from a gaseous to a liquid state and fall in drops
  2. make more concise
  3. remove water from
  4. cause a gas or vapor to change into a liquid
  5. become more compact or concentrated
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24
Q

crooked

A
  • *adj. 弯曲的；歪的；不正当的
  • ——————————————**
  1. having or marked by bends or angles; not straight or aligned
  2. not straight; dishonest or immoral or evasive
  3. irregular in shape or outline
  4. having the back and shoulders rounded; not erect
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25
Q

cumbersome

A
  • *adj. 笨重的；累赘的；难处理的
  • ——————————————**
  1. difficult to handle or use especially because of size or weight
  2. not elegant or graceful in expression
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26
Q

debut

A
  • *n. 初次登台；开张
    vi. 初次登台
    n. (Debut)人名；(法)德比
  • ——————————————**
  1. the act of beginning something new
  2. the presentation of a debutante in society
  3. present for the first time to the public
  4. appear for the first time in public
  5. make one’s debut
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27
Q

descent

A
  • *n. 下降；血统；袭击
    vt. 除去…的气味；使…失去香味
  • ——————————————**
  1. a movement downward
  2. properties attributable to your ancestry
  3. the act of changing your location in a downward direction
  4. the kinship relation between an individual and the individual’s progenitors
  5. a downward slope or bend
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28
Q

devastate

A
  • *vt. 毁灭；毁坏
  • ——————————————**
  1. devastate or ravage
  2. overwhelm or overpower
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29
Q

development

A
  • *n. 发展；开发；发育；住宅小区（专指由同一开发商开发的）；[摄] 显影
  • ——————————————**
  1. act of improving by expanding or enlarging or refining
  2. a process in which something passes by degrees to a different stage (especially a more advanced or mature stage)
  3. a recent event that has some relevance for the present situation
  4. the act of making some area of land or water more profitable or productive or useful
  5. a district that has been developed to serve some purpose
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30
Q

dignity

A
  • *n. 尊严；高贵
  • ——————————————**
  1. the quality of being worthy of esteem or respect
  2. formality in bearing and appearance
  3. high office or rank or station
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31
Q

dormancy

A
  • *n. [生物] 休眠，冬眠；[生物] 蛰伏
  • ——————————————**
  1. a state of quiet (but possibly temporary) inaction
  2. quiet and inactive restfulness
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32
Q

dress

A
  • *vt. 给…穿衣
    vi. 穿衣
    n. 连衣裙；女装
    n. (Dress)人名；(法、德、西)德雷斯
  • ——————————————**
  1. a one-piece garment for a woman; has skirt and bodice
  2. clothing of a distinctive style or for a particular occasion
  3. clothing in general
  4. put on clothes
  5. provide with clothes or put clothes on
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33
Q

endure

A
  • *vt. 忍耐；容忍
    vi. 忍耐；持续
  • ——————————————**
  1. put up with something or somebody unpleasant
  2. face or endure with courage
  3. continue to live; endure or last
  4. undergo or be subjected to
  5. last and be usable
34
Q

entrepreneur

A
  • *n. 企业家；承包人；主办者
  • ——————————————**
  1. someone who organizes a business venture and assumes the risk for it
35
Q

excavate

A
  • *vt. 挖掘；开凿
    vi. 发掘；细查
  • ——————————————**
  1. lay bare through digging
  2. find by digging in the ground
  3. form by hollowing
  4. remove the inner part or the core of
36
Q

excess

A
  • *n. 超过，超额；过度，过量；无节制
    adj. 额外的，过量的；附加的
  • ——————————————**
  1. a quantity much larger than is needed
  2. immoderation as a consequence of going beyond sufficient or permitted limits
  3. the state of being more than full
  4. excessive indulgence
  5. more than is needed, desired, or required
37
Q

exemplary

A
  • *adj. 典范的；惩戒性的；可仿效的
  • ——————————————**
  1. worthy of imitation
  2. being or serving as an illustration of a type
  3. serving to warn
38
Q

extent

A
  • *n. 程度；范围；长度
  • ——————————————**
  1. the point or degree to which something extends
  2. the distance or area or volume over which something extends
39
Q

favorable

A
  • *adj. 有利的；良好的；赞成的，赞许的；讨人喜欢的
  • ——————————————**
  1. encouraging or approving or pleasing
  2. (of winds or weather) tending to promote or facilitate
  3. favorably disposed; not antagonistic
  4. favoring or bringing good luck
  5. occurring at a convenient or suitable time
40
Q

female

A
  • *adj. 女性的；雌性的；柔弱的，柔和的
    n. 女人；[动] 雌性动物
  • ——————————————**
  1. an animal that produces gametes (ova) that can be fertilized by male gametes (spermatozoa)
  2. a person who belongs to the sex that can have babies
  3. being the sex (of plant or animal) that produces fertilizable gametes (ova) from which offspring develop
  4. characteristic of or peculiar to a woman
  5. for or pertaining to or composed of women or girls
41
Q

furnish

A
  • *vt. 提供；供应；装备
  • ——————————————**
  1. provide or furnish with
  2. provide or equip with furniture
42
Q

grip

A
  • *n. 紧握；柄；支配；握拍方式；拍柄绷带
    vt. 紧握；夹紧
    vi. 抓住
    n. (Grip)人名；(英、瑞典)格里普
  • ——————————————**
  1. the act of grasping
  2. the appendage to an object that is designed to be held in order to use or move it
  3. a portable rectangular container for carrying clothes
  4. the friction between a body and the surface on which it moves (as between an automobile tire and the road)
  5. worker who moves the camera around while a film or television show is being made
43
Q

haircut

A
  • *n. 理发；发型
  • ——————————————**
  1. the style in which hair has been cut
  2. the act of cutting the hair
44
Q

imitate

A
  • *vt. 模仿，仿效；仿造，仿制
  • ——————————————**
  1. reproduce someone’s behavior or looks
  2. appear like, as in behavior or appearance
  3. make a reproduction or copy of
45
Q

innocent

A
  • *adj. 无辜的；无罪的；无知的
    n. 天真的人；笨蛋
    n. (Innocent)人名；(英、西)因诺森特；(法)伊诺桑
  • ——————————————**
  1. a person who lacks knowledge of evil
  2. free from evil or guilt
  3. lacking intent or capacity to injure
  4. free from sin
  5. lacking in sophistication or worldliness
46
Q

inspection

A
  • *n. 视察，检查
  • ——————————————**
  1. a formal or official examination
47
Q

lethargy

A
  • *n. 昏睡；死气沉沉；嗜眠（症）
  • ——————————————**
  1. a state of comatose torpor (as found in sleeping sickness)
  2. weakness characterized by a lack of vitality or energy
  3. inactivity; showing an unusual lack of energy
48
Q

lipid

A
  • *n. [生化] 脂质；油脂
  • ——————————————**
  1. an oily organic compound insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents; essential structural component of living cells (along with proteins and carbohydrates)
49
Q

mail

A
  • *n. 邮件；邮政，邮递；盔甲
    vt. 邮寄；给…穿盔甲
    vi. 邮寄；寄出
    n. (Mail)人名；(法)马伊
  • ——————————————**
  1. the bags of letters and packages that are transported by the postal service
  2. the system whereby messages are transmitted via the post office
  3. a conveyance that transports the letters and packages that are conveyed by the postal system
  4. any particular collection of letters or packages that is delivered
  5. (Middle Ages) flexible armor made of interlinked metal rings
50
Q

medium

A
  • *adj. 中间的，中等的；半生熟的
    n. 方法；媒体；媒介；中间物
  • ——————————————**
  1. a means or instrumentality for storing or communicating information
  2. the surrounding environment
  3. an intervening substance through which signals can travel as a means for communication
  4. (bacteriology) a nutrient substance (solid or liquid) that is used to cultivate micro-organisms
  5. an intervening substance through which something is achieved
51
Q

minor

A
  • *adj. 未成年的；次要的；较小的；小调的；二流的
    n. 未成年人；小调；副修科目
    vi. 副修
    n. (Minor)人名；(英)迈纳；(德、法、波、俄)米诺尔
  • ——————————————**
  1. a young person of either sex
  2. of lesser importance or stature or rank
  3. lesser in scope or effect
  4. inferior in number or size or amount
  5. of a scale or mode
52
Q

mushroom

A
  • *n. 蘑菇，伞菌；蘑菇形物体；暴发户
    adj. 蘑菇的；蘑菇形的；迅速生长的
    vi. 迅速增加；采蘑菇；迅速生长
  • ——————————————**
  1. common name for an edible agaric (contrasting with the inedible toadstool)
  2. any of various fleshy fungi of the subdivision Basidiomycota consisting of a cap at the end of a stem arising from an underground mycelium
  3. a large cloud of rubble and dust shaped like a mushroom and rising into the sky after an explosion (especially of a nuclear bomb)
  4. fleshy body of any of numerous edible fungi
  5. pick or gather mushrooms
53
Q

navy

A

n. 海军
深蓝色的
——————————————-

  1. an organization of military vessels belonging to a country and available for sea warfare
  2. a dark shade of blue
  3. the navy of the United States of America; the agency that maintains and trains and equips combat-ready naval forces
54
Q

novel

A
  • *adj. 新奇的；异常的
    n. 小说
    n. (Novel)人名；(法、西、英)诺韦尔
  • ——————————————**
  1. a extended fictional work in prose; usually in the form of a story
  2. a printed and bound book that is an extended work of fiction
  3. original and of a kind not seen before
  4. pleasantly new or different
55
Q

nurture

A
  • *vt. 养育；鼓励；培植
    n. 养育；教养；营养物
  • ——————————————**
  1. the properties acquired as a consequence of the way you were treated as a child
  2. helping someone grow up to be an accepted member of the community
  3. help develop, help grow
  4. bring up
  5. provide with nourishment
56
Q

offensive

A
  • *adj. 攻击的；冒犯的；无礼的；讨厌的
    n. 攻势；攻击
  • ——————————————**
  1. the action of attacking an enemy
  2. violating or tending to violate or offend against
  3. for the purpose of attack rather than defense
  4. causing anger or annoyance
  5. morally offensive
57
Q

operate

A
  • *vi. 运转；动手术；起作用
    vt. 操作；经营；引起；对…开刀
  • ——————————————**
  1. direct or control; projects, businesses, etc.
  2. perform as expected when applied
  3. handle and cause to function
  4. perform a movement in military or naval tactics in order to secure an advantage in attack or defense
  5. happen
58
Q

parachute

A

n. 降落伞
vi. 跳伞
空投
——————————————-

  1. rescue equipment consisting of a device that fills with air and retards your fall
  2. jump from an airplane and descend with a parachute
59
Q

paste

A
  • *vt. 张贴，裱糊；用浆糊粘
    n. 面团，膏；糊状物，[胶粘] 浆糊
    n. (Paste)人名；(法)帕斯泰
  • ——————————————**
  1. any mixture of a soft and malleable consistency
  2. an adhesive made from water and flour or starch; used on paper and paperboard
  3. a tasty mixture to be spread on bread or crackers
  4. join or attach with or as if with glue
  5. hit with the fists
60
Q

perpetuate

A
  • *vt. 使不朽；保持
    adj. 长存的
  • ——————————————**
  1. cause to continue or prevail
61
Q

plank

A
  • *n. [木] 厚木板；支架；政纲条款
    vt. 在…上铺板；撂下；立刻付款
    n. (Plank)人名；(英、俄、芬、德)普兰克
  • ——————————————**
  1. a stout length of sawn timber; made in a wide variety of sizes and used for many purposes
  2. an endorsed policy in the platform of a political party
  3. cover with planks
  4. set (something or oneself) down with or as if with a noise
  5. cook and serve on a plank
62
Q

pollinate

A
  • *vt. 对…授粉
  • ——————————————**
  1. fertilize by transfering pollen
63
Q

racket

A
  • *n. 球拍；吵闹，喧闹
    vt. 过着花天酒地的生活
    vi. 过着花天酒地的生活
  • ——————————————**
  1. a loud and disturbing noise
  2. an illegal enterprise (such as extortion or fraud or drug peddling or prostitution) carried on for profit
  3. the auditory experience of sound that lacks musical quality; sound that is a disagreeable auditory experience
  4. a sports implement (usually consisting of a handle and an oval frame with a tightly interlaced network of strings) used to strike a ball (or shuttlecock) in various games
  5. celebrate noisily, often indulging in drinking; engage in uproarious festivities
64
Q

reach

A
  • *vi. 达到；延伸；伸出手；传开
    vt. 达到；影响；抵达；伸出
    n. 范围；延伸；河段；横风行驶
    n. (Reach)人名；(柬)列
  • ——————————————**
  1. the limits within which something can be effective
  2. an area in which something acts or operates or has power or control:
  3. the act of physically reaching or thrusting out
  4. the limit of capability
  5. reach a destination, either real or abstract
65
Q

reserve

A
  • *n. 储备，储存；自然保护区；预备队；缄默；[金融] 储备金
    vt. 储备；保留；预约
    vi. 预订
    n. (Reserve)人名；(法)勒塞尔夫
  • ——————————————**
  1. formality and propriety of manner
  2. something kept back or saved for future use or a special purpose
  3. an athlete who plays only when a starter on the team is replaced
  4. (medicine) potential capacity to respond in order to maintain vital functions
  5. a district that is reserved for particular purpose
66
Q

residue

A
  • *n. 残渣；剩余；滤渣
  • ——————————————**
  1. matter that remains after something has been removed
  2. something left after other parts have been taken away
67
Q

restraint

A
  • *n. 抑制，克制；约束
  • ——————————————**
  1. the of act controlling by restraining someone or something
  2. discipline in personal and social activities
  3. the state of being physically constrained
  4. a rule or condition that limits freedom
  5. lack of ornamentation
68
Q

scent

A
  • *n. 气味；嗅觉；痕迹；察觉能力
    vt. 闻到；发觉；使充满…的气味；循着遗臭追踪
    vi. 发出…的气味；有…的迹象；嗅着气味追赶
    n. (Scent)人名；(英)森特
  • ——————————————**
  1. a distinctive odor that is pleasant
  2. an odor left in passing by which a person or animal can be traced
  3. any property detected by the olfactory system
  4. cause to smell or be smelly
  5. catch the scent of; get wind of
69
Q

snap

A
  • *vt. 突然折断，拉断；猛咬；啪地关上
    vi. 咬；厉声说；咯嗒一声关上
    n. 猛咬；劈啪声；突然折断
    adj. 突然的
  • ——————————————**
  1. the act of catching an object with the hands
  2. a spell of cold weather
  3. tender green beans without strings that easily snap into sections
  4. a crisp round cookie flavored with ginger
  5. the noise produced by the rapid movement of a finger from the tip to the base of the thumb on the same hand
70
Q

soluble

A
  • *adj. [化学] 可溶的，可溶解的；可解决的
  • ——————————————**
  1. (of a substance) capable of being dissolved in some solvent (usually water)
  2. susceptible of solution or of being solved or explained
71
Q

stick

A
  • *vt. 刺，戳；伸出；粘贴
    vi. 坚持；伸出；粘住
    n. 棍；手杖；呆头呆脑的人
    n. (Stick)人名；(芬)斯蒂克
  • ——————————————**
  1. an implement consisting of a length of wood
  2. a small thin branch of a tree
  3. a lever used by a pilot to control the ailerons and elevators of an airplane
  4. a rectangular quarter pound block of butter or margarine
  5. informal terms of the leg
72
Q

stylish

A
  • *adj. 时髦的；现代风格的；潇洒的
  • ——————————————**
  1. having elegance or taste or refinement in manners or dress
  2. being or in accordance with current social fashions
73
Q

superintendent

A
  • *n. 监督人；负责人；主管；指挥者
  • ——————————————**
  1. a person who directs and manages an organization
  2. a caretaker for an apartment house; represents the owner as janitor and rent collector
74
Q

syrup

A
  • *n. 糖浆，果汁；含药糖浆
  • ——————————————**
  1. a thick sweet sticky liquid
75
Q

tedious

A
  • *adj. 沉闷的；冗长乏味的
  • ——————————————**
  1. so lacking in interest as to cause mental weariness
  2. using or containing too many words
76
Q

topography

A
  • *n. 地势；地形学；地志
  • ——————————————**
  1. the configuration of a surface and the relations among its man-made and natural features
  2. precise detailed study of the surface features of a region
77
Q

trend

A
  • *n. 趋势，倾向；走向
    vi. 趋向，伸向
    vt. 使…趋向
    n. (Trend)人名；(英)特伦德
  • ——————————————**
  1. a general direction in which something tends to move
  2. general line of orientation
  3. a general tendency to change (as of opinion)
  4. the popular taste at a given time
  5. turn sharply; change direction abruptly
78
Q

tug

A
  • *n. 拖船；拖曳；苦干
    vi. 用力拉；竞争；努力做
    vt. 用力拉；较量；用拖船拖
  • ——————————————**
  1. a sudden abrupt pull
  2. a powerful small boat designed to pull or push larger ships
  3. pull hard
  4. strive and make an effort to reach a goal
  5. tow (a vessel) with a tug
79
Q

underneath

A
  • *prep. 在…的下面；在…的形式下；在…的支配下
    adv. 在下面；在底下
    n. 下面；底部
    adj. 下面的；底层的
  • ——————————————**
  1. on the lower or downward side; on the underside of
  2. under or below an object or a surface; at a lower place or level; directly beneath
80
Q

wasp

A
  • *n. 黄蜂；[昆] 胡蜂；易怒的人
    vi. 黄蜂似的直扑
  • ——————————————**
  1. a white person of Anglo-Saxon ancestry who belongs to a Protestant denomination
  2. social or solitary hymenopterans typically having a slender body with the abdomen attached by a narrow stalk and having a formidable sting

TOEFL-45 (45 decks)

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