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TOEFL-45 > List-37 > Flashcards

List-37 Flashcards

1
Q

appropriate

A
  • *adj. 适当的；恰当的；合适的
    vt. 占用，拨出
  • ——————————————**
  1. give or assign a resource to a particular person or cause
  2. take possession of by force, as after an invasion
  3. suitable for a particular person or place or condition etc
  4. appropriate for achieving a particular end; implies a lack of concern for fairness
  5. meant or adapted for an occasion or use
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2
Q

ascribe

A
  • *vt. 归因于；归咎于
  • ——————————————**
  1. attribute or credit to
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3
Q

assigned

A
  • *adj. 指定的；已分配的
    v. 分配（assign的过去分词）；指定；委派
  • ——————————————**
  1. appointed to a post or duty
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4
Q

avert

A
  • *vt. 避免，防止；转移
  • ——————————————**
  1. prevent the occurrence of; prevent from happening
  2. turn away or aside
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5
Q

awful

A
  • *adj. 可怕的；极坏的；使人敬畏的
  • ——————————————**
  1. exceptionally bad or displeasing
  2. causing fear or dread or terror
  3. offensive or even (of persons) malicious
  4. inspired by a feeling of fearful wonderment or reverence
  5. extreme in degree or extent or amount or impact
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6
Q

blend

A
  • *vt. 混合
    vi. 混合；协调
    n. 混合；掺合物
  • ——————————————**
  1. an occurrence of thorough mixing
  2. a new word formed by joining two others and combining their meanings
  3. the act of blending components together thoroughly
  4. combine into one
  5. blend or harmonize
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7
Q

breakthrough

A
  • *n. 突破；突破性进展
  • ——————————————**
  1. a productive insight
  2. making an important discovery
  3. a penetration of a barrier such as an enemy’s defense
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8
Q

canopy

A
  • *n. 天篷；华盖；遮篷；苍穹
    vt. 用天蓬遮盖；遮盖
  • ——————————————**
  1. the transparent covering of an aircraft cockpit
  2. the umbrellalike part of a parachute that fills with air
  3. a covering (usually of cloth) that serves as a roof to shelter an area from the weather
  4. cover with a canopy
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9
Q

cascara

A
  • *n. 药鼠李；用其树皮制成的缓泻剂
  • ——————————————**
  1. dried bark of the cascara buckthorn used as a laxative
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10
Q

chafe

A
  • *vt. 擦破；擦热；擦痛；激怒
    vi. 擦伤；磨擦；激怒
    n. 擦伤；气恼
    n. (Chafe)人名；(尼日利)沙费；(英)蔡菲
  • ——————————————**
  1. soreness and warmth caused by friction
  2. anger produced by some annoying irritation
  3. become or make sore by or as if by rubbing
  4. feel extreme irritation or anger
  5. cause annoyance in; disturb, especially by minor irritations
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11
Q

chromosome

A
  • *n. [遗][细胞][染料] 染色体（形容词chromosomal，副词chromosomally）
  • ——————————————**
  1. a threadlike body in the cell nucleus that carries the genes in a linear order
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12
Q

classify

A
  • *vt. 分类；分等
  • ——————————————**
  1. arrange or order by classes or categories
  2. declare unavailable, as for security reasons
  3. assign to a class or kind
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13
Q

combat

A
  • *vt. 反对；与…战斗
    vi. 战斗；搏斗
    n. 战斗；争论
    adj. 战斗的；为…斗争的
    n. (Combat)人名；(法)孔巴
  • ——————————————**
  1. an engagement fought between two military forces
  2. the act of fighting; any contest or struggle
  3. battle or contend against in or as if in a battle
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14
Q

comparison

A
  • *n. 比较；对照；比喻；比较关系
  • ——————————————**
  1. examining resemblances or differences
  2. relation based on similarities and differences
  3. qualities that are comparable
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15
Q

compatible

A
  • *adj. 兼容的；能共处的；可并立的
  • ——————————————**
  1. able to exist and perform in harmonious or agreeable combination
  2. having similar disposition and tastes
  3. capable of being used with or connected to other devices or components without modification
  4. (of a couple) existing together harmoniously
  5. capable of forming a homogeneous mixture that neither separates nor is altered by chemical interaction
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16
Q

confidence

A
  • *n. 信心；信任；秘密
    adj. （美）诈骗的；骗得信任的
  • ——————————————**
  1. freedom from doubt; belief in yourself and your abilities
  2. a feeling of trust (in someone or something)
  3. a state of confident hopefulness that events will be favorable
  4. a trustful relationship
  5. a secret that is confided or entrusted to another
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17
Q

consonant

A
  • *adj. 辅音的；一致的；和谐的
    n. 辅音；辅音字母
  • ——————————————**
  1. a speech sound that is not a vowel
  2. a letter of the alphabet standing for a spoken consonant
  3. involving or characterized by harmony
  4. in keeping
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18
Q

constitute

A
  • *vt. 组成，构成；建立；任命
  • ——————————————**
  1. form or compose
  2. create and charge with a task or function
  3. to compose or represent:
  4. set up or lay the groundwork for
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19
Q

courier

A
  • *n. 导游；情报员，通讯员；送快信的人
    n. (Courier)人名；(英、法)库里耶
  • ——————————————**
  1. a person who carries a message
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20
Q

creep

A
  • *vi. 爬行；蔓延；慢慢地移动；起鸡皮疙瘩
    n. 爬行；毛骨悚然的感觉；谄媚者
  • ——————————————**
  1. someone unpleasantly strange or eccentric
  2. a slow longitudinal movement or deformation
  3. a pen that is fenced so that young animals can enter but adults cannot
  4. a slow mode of locomotion on hands and knees or dragging the body
  5. move slowly; in the case of people or animals with the body near the ground
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21
Q

deficient

A
  • *adj. 不足的；有缺陷的；不充分的
  • ——————————————**
  1. inadequate in amount or degree
  2. of a quantity not able to fulfill a need or requirement
  3. falling short of some prescribed norm
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22
Q

delicious

A
  • *adj. 美味的；可口的
  • ——————————————**
  1. variety of sweet eating apples
  2. greatly pleasing or entertaining
  3. extremely pleasing to the sense of taste
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23
Q

devour

A
  • *vt. 吞食；毁灭；凝视
  • ——————————————**
  1. destroy completely
  2. enjoy avidly
  3. eat immoderately
  4. eat greedily
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24
Q

diagonal

A
  • *adj. 斜的；对角线的；斜纹的
    n. 对角线；斜线
  • ——————————————**
  1. (geometry) a straight line connecting any two vertices of a polygon that are not adjacent
  2. a line or cut across a fabric that is not at right angles to a side of the fabric
  3. an oblique line of squares of the same color on a checkerboard
  4. (mathematics) a set of entries in a square matrix running diagonally either from the upper left to lower right entry or running from the upper right to lower left entry
  5. a punctuation mark (/) used to separate related items of information
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25
Q

diagram

A
  • *n. 图表；图解
    vt. 用图解法表示
  • ——————————————**
  1. a drawing intended to explain how something works; a drawing showing the relation between the parts
  2. make a schematic or technical drawing of that shows how things work or how they are constructed
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26
Q

distress

A
  • *n. 危难，不幸；贫困；悲痛
    vt. 使悲痛；使贫困
  • ——————————————**
  1. psychological suffering
  2. a state of adversity (danger or affliction or need)
  3. extreme physical pain
  4. the seizure and holding of property as security for payment of a debt or satisfaction of a claim
  5. cause mental pain to
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27
Q

eclipse

A
  • *vt. 使黯然失色；形成蚀
    n. 日蚀，月蚀；黯然失色
  • ——————————————**
  1. one celestial body obscures another
  2. exceed in importance; outweigh
  3. cause an eclipse of (a celestial body) by intervention
  4. cause an eclipse of; of celestial bodies
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28
Q

eject

A
  • *vt. 喷射；驱逐，逐出
  • ——————————————**
  1. put out or expel from a place
  2. eliminate (substances) from the body
  3. leave an aircraft rapidly, using an ejection seat or capsule
  4. cause to come out in a squirt
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29
Q

entertain

A
  • *vt. 娱乐；招待；怀抱；容纳
    vi. 款待
  • ——————————————**
  1. provide entertainment for
  2. take into consideration, have in view
  3. maintain (a theory, thoughts, or feelings)
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30
Q

evergreen

A
  • *n. 常绿树；常绿植物
    adj. [植] 常绿的；永葆青春的
  • ——————————————**
  1. a plant having foliage that persists and remains green throughout the year
  2. (of plants and shrubs) bearing foliage throughout the year
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31
Q

furious

A
  • *adj. 激烈的；狂怒的；热烈兴奋的；喧闹的
  • ——————————————**
  1. marked by extreme and violent energy
  2. marked by extreme anger
  3. (of the elements) as if showing violent anger
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32
Q

genial

A
  • *adj. 亲切的，友好的；和蔼的；适宜的
  • ——————————————**
  1. diffusing warmth and friendliness
  2. of or relating to the chin or median part of the lower jaw
  3. agreeable, conducive to comfort
33
Q

gentle

A
  • *adj. 温和的；文雅的
    vt. 使温和，使驯服
    n. 蛆，饵
    n. (Gentle)人名；(英)金特尔
  • ——————————————**
  1. cause to be more favorably inclined; gain the good will of
  2. give a title to someone; make someone a member of the nobility
  3. stroke soothingly
  4. soft and mild; not harsh or stern or severe
  5. having or showing a kindly or tender nature
34
Q

govern

A
  • *vt. 管理；支配；统治；控制
    vi. 居支配地位；进行统治
    n. (Govern)人名；(英)戈文
  • ——————————————**
  1. bring into conformity with rules or principles or usage; impose regulations
  2. direct or strongly influence the behavior of
  3. exercise authority over; as of nations
  4. require to be in a certain grammatical case, voice, or mood
35
Q

gymnasium

A
  • *n. 体育馆；健身房
  • ——————————————**
  1. a school for students intermediate between elementary school and college; usually grades 9 to 12
  2. athletic facility equipped for sports or physical training
36
Q

gym

A
  • *n. 健身房；体育；体育馆
  • ——————————————**
  1. athletic facility equipped for sports or physical training
37
Q

hum

A
  • *vi. 发低哼声
    vt. 用哼声表示
    n. 嗡嗡声；哼声；杂声
    int. 哼；嗯
    n. (Hum)人名；(匈、塞、英)胡姆；(东南亚国家华语)湛
  • ——————————————**
  1. the state of being or appearing to be actively engaged in an activity
  2. an Islamic fundamentalist group in Pakistan that fought the Soviet Union in Afghanistan in the 1980s; now operates as a terrorist organization primarily in Kashmir and seeks Kashmir’s accession by Pakistan
  3. a humming noise
  4. sing with closed lips
  5. be noisy with activity
38
Q

incessant

A
  • *adj. 不断的；不停的；连续的
  • ——————————————**
  1. occurring so frequently as to seem ceaseless or uninterrupted
  2. uninterrupted in time and indefinitely long continuing
39
Q

inquire

A
  • *vt. 询问；查究；问明
    vi. 询问；查究；询价
  • ——————————————**
  1. inquire about
  2. have a wish or desire to know something
  3. conduct an inquiry or investigation of
40
Q

ivory

A
  • *n. 象牙；乳白色；长牙
    adj. 乳白色的；象牙制的
    n. (Ivory)人名；(英)艾沃里
  • ——————————————**
  1. a hard smooth ivory colored dentine that makes up most of the tusks of elephants and walruses
  2. a shade of white the color of bleached bones
41
Q

loathsome

A
  • *adj. 令人憎恶的；令人呕吐的
  • ——————————————**
  1. causing or able to cause nausea
  2. highly offensive; arousing aversion or disgust
42
Q

lounge

A
  • *n. 休息室；闲逛；躺椅；（英）酒吧间
    vi. 闲逛；懒洋洋地躺卧；闲混
    vt. 虚度光阴
  • ——————————————**
  1. an upholstered seat for more than one person
  2. a room (as in a hotel or airport) with seating where people can wait
  3. sit or recline comfortably
  4. be about
43
Q

marble

A
  • *n. 大理石；大理石制品；弹珠
    adj. 大理石的；冷酷无情的
    n. (Marble)人名；(英)马布尔
  • ——————————————**
  1. a hard crystalline metamorphic rock that takes a high polish; used for sculpture and as building material
  2. a small ball of glass that is used in various games
  3. a sculpture carved from marble
  4. paint or stain like marble
44
Q

melodic

A
  • *adj. 有旋律的；音调优美的
  • ——————————————**
  1. containing or constituting or characterized by pleasing melody
  2. of or relating to melody
45
Q

mount

A
  • *vt. 增加；爬上；使骑上马；安装，架置；镶嵌，嵌入；准备上演；成立（军队等）
    vi. 爬；增加；上升
    n. 山峰；底座；乘骑用马；攀，登；运载工具；底座
    n. （英）芒特（人名）
    v. 登上；骑上
  • ——————————————**
  1. a lightweight horse kept for riding only
  2. the act of climbing something
  3. a land mass that projects well above its surroundings; higher than a hill
  4. a mounting consisting of a piece of metal (as in a ring or other jewelry) that holds a gem in place
  5. something forming a back that is added for strengthening
46
Q

musicologist

A
  • *n. 音乐学者，音乐理论家
  • ——————————————**
  1. a student of musicology
47
Q

navigate

A
  • *vt. 驾驶，操纵；使通过；航行于
    vi. 航行，航空
  • ——————————————**
  1. travel by boat propelled by wind or by other means
  2. act as the navigator in a car, plane, or vessel and plan, direct, plot the path and position of the conveyance
  3. direct carefully and safely
48
Q

nicotin

A
  • *n. 烟碱
  • ——————————————**
49
Q

prey

A
  • *vi. 捕食；掠夺；折磨
    n. 捕食；牺牲者；被捕食的动物
    n. (Prey)人名；(英、法)普雷；(德)普赖
  • ——————————————**
  1. a person who is the aim of an attack (especially a victim of ridicule or exploitation) by some hostile person or influence
  2. animal hunted or caught for food
  3. profit from in an exploitatory manner
  4. prey on or hunt for
50
Q

primordial

A
  • *adj. 原始的；根本的；原生的
  • ——————————————**
  1. having existed from the beginning; in an earliest or original stage or state
51
Q

process

A
  • *vt. 处理；加工
    n. 过程，进行；方法，步骤；作用；程序；推移
    vi. 列队前进
    adj. 经过特殊加工（或处理）的
  • ——————————————**
  1. a particular course of action intended to achieve a result
  2. (psychology) the performance of some composite cognitive activity; an operation that affects mental contents
  3. a writ issued by authority of law; usually compels the defendant’s attendance in a civil suit; failure to appear results in a default judgment against the defendant
  4. a mental process that you are not directly aware of
  5. a natural prolongation or projection from a part of an organism either animal or plant
52
Q

productive

A
  • *adj. 能生产的；生产的，生产性的；多产的；富有成效的
  • ——————————————**
  1. producing or capable of producing (especially abundantly)
  2. having the ability to produce or originate
  3. yielding positive results
  4. marked by great fruitfulness
53
Q

prosperous

A
  • *adj. 繁荣的；兴旺的
  • ——————————————**
  1. in fortunate circumstances financially; moderately rich
  2. very lively and profitable
  3. marked by peace and prosperity
  4. favoring or bringing good luck
54
Q

pursue

A
  • *vt. 继续；从事；追赶；纠缠
    vi. 追赶；继续进行
  • ——————————————**
  1. carry out or participate in an activity; be involved in
  2. follow in or as if in pursuit
  3. go in search of or hunt for
  4. carry further or advance
55
Q

quote

A
  • *vt. 报价；引述；举证
    vi. 报价；引用；引证
    n. 引用
  • ——————————————**
  1. a punctuation mark used to attribute the enclosed text to someone else
  2. a passage or expression that is quoted or cited
  3. repeat a passage from
  4. name the price of
  5. refer to for illustration or proof
56
Q

recline

A
  • *vi. 靠；依赖；斜倚
    vt. 使躺下；使斜倚
  • ——————————————**
  1. move the upper body backwards and down
  2. cause to recline
  3. lean in a comfortable resting position
57
Q

recreation

A
  • *n. 娱乐；消遣；休养
  • ——————————————**
  1. an activity that diverts or amuses or stimulates
  2. activity that refreshes and recreates; activity that renews your health and spirits by enjoyment and relaxation
58
Q

repetition

A
  • *n. 重复；背诵；副本
  • ——————————————**
  1. an event that repeats
  2. the act of doing or performing again
  3. the repeated use of the same word or word pattern as a rhetorical device
59
Q

reptile

A
  • *adj. 爬虫类的；卑鄙的
    n. 爬行动物；卑鄙的人
  • ——————————————**
  1. any cold-blooded vertebrate of the class Reptilia including tortoises turtles snakes lizards alligators crocodiles and extinct forms
60
Q

rinse

A
  • *vt. 漱；冲洗掉；漂净
    n. 冲洗；漂洗；[轻] 染发剂；染发
    vi. 冲洗掉；漂净
  • ——————————————**
  1. a liquid preparation used on wet hair to give it a tint
  2. the removal of soap with clean water in the final stage of washing
  3. the act of giving a light tint to the hair
  4. washing lightly without soap
  5. wash off soap or remaining dirt
61
Q

scorch

A
  • *vt. 烧焦；使枯萎；挖苦
    vi. 烧焦；枯萎
    n. 烧焦；焦痕
  • ——————————————**
  1. a surface burn
  2. a plant disease that produces a browning or scorched appearance of plant tissues
  3. a discoloration caused by heat
  4. make very hot and dry
  5. become superficially burned
62
Q

secure

A
  • *adj. 安全的；无虑的；有把握的；稳当的
    vt. 保护；弄到；招致；缚住
    vi. 获得安全；船抛锚；停止工作
  • ——————————————**
  1. get by special effort
  2. cause to be firmly attached
  3. assure payment of
  4. make certain of
  5. fill or close tightly with or as if with a plug
63
Q

seismic

A
  • *adj. 地震的；因地震而引起的
  • ——————————————**
  1. subject to or caused by an earthquake or earth vibration
64
Q

shame

A
  • *n. 羞耻，羞愧；憾事，带来耻辱的人
    vt. 使丢脸，使羞愧
    n. (Shame)人名；(科特)沙梅
  • ——————————————**
  1. a painful emotion resulting from an awareness of inadequacy or guilt
  2. a state of dishonor
  3. an unfortunate development
  4. bring shame or dishonor upon
  5. compel through a sense of shame
65
Q

shore

A
  • *vt. 支撑，使稳住；用支柱撑住
    n. 海滨；支柱
    n. (Shore)人名；(英)肖尔
  • ——————————————**
  1. the land along the edge of a body of water
  2. a beam or timber that is propped against a structure to provide support
  3. serve as a shore to
  4. arrive on shore
  5. support by placing against something solid or rigid
66
Q

slightly

A
  • *adv. 些微地，轻微地；纤细地
  • ——————————————**
  1. to a small degree or extent
  2. in a slim or slender manner
67
Q

subdue

A
  • *vt. 征服；抑制；减轻
  • ——————————————**
  1. put down by force or intimidation
  2. to put down by force or authority
  3. hold within limits and control
  4. get on top of; deal with successfully
  5. make subordinate, dependent, or subservient
68
Q

submit

A
  • *vt. 使服从；主张；呈递
    vi. 提交；服从
  • ——————————————**
  1. refer for judgment or consideration
  2. put before
  3. yield to the control of another
  4. hand over formally
  5. refer to another person for decision or judgment
69
Q

swear

A
  • *vt. 发誓；咒骂
    vi. 发誓，宣誓；诅咒
    n. 宣誓；诅咒
  • ——————————————**
  1. utter obscenities or profanities
  2. to declare or affirm solemnly and formally as true
  3. promise solemnly; take an oath
  4. make a deposition; declare under oath
  5. have confidence or faith in
70
Q

symbolic

A
  • *adj. 象征的；符号的；使用符号的
  • ——————————————**
  1. relating to or using or proceeding by means of symbols
  2. serving as a visible symbol for something abstract
  3. using symbolism
71
Q

synonym

A
  • *n. 同义词；同义字
  • ——————————————**
  1. two words that can be interchanged in a context are said to be synonymous relative to that context
72
Q

tavern

A
  • *n. 酒馆；客栈
  • ——————————————**
  1. a building with a bar that is licensed to sell alcoholic drinks
73
Q

theoretical

A
  • *adj. 理论的；理论上的；假设的；推理的
  • ——————————————**
  1. concerned primarily with theories or hypotheses rather than practical considerations
  2. concerned with theories rather than their practical applications
74
Q

transition

A
  • *n. 过渡；转变；[分子生物] 转换；变调
  • ——————————————**
  1. the act of passing from one state or place to the next
  2. an event that results in a transformation
  3. a change from one place or state or subject or stage to another
  4. a musical passage moving from one key to another
  5. a passage that connects a topic to one that follows
75
Q

transportation

A
  • *n. 运输；运输系统；运输工具；流放
  • ——————————————**
  1. a facility consisting of the means and equipment necessary for the movement of passengers or goods
  2. the act of moving something from one location to another
  3. the sum charged for riding in a public conveyance
  4. the United States federal department that institutes and coordinates national transportation programs; created in 1966
  5. the commercial enterprise of moving goods and materials
76
Q

utterly

A
  • *adv. 完全地；绝对地；全然地；彻底地，十足地
  • ——————————————**
  1. completely and without qualification; used informally as intensifiers
77
Q

vault

A
  • *n. 拱顶；撑竿跳；地下室
    vi. 跳跃；成穹状弯曲
    vt. 做成圆拱形；撑竿跳过
  • ——————————————**
  1. a burial chamber (usually underground)
  2. a strongroom or compartment (often made of steel) for safekeeping of valuables
  3. an arched brick or stone ceiling or roof
  4. the act of jumping over an obstacle
  5. jump across or leap over (an obstacle)
78
Q

vision

A
  • *n. 视力；美景；眼力；幻象；想象力
    vt. 想象；显现；梦见
  • ——————————————**
  1. a vivid mental image
  2. the ability to see; the visual faculty
  3. the perceptual experience of seeing
  4. the formation of a mental image of something that is not perceived as real and is not present to the senses
  5. a religious or mystical experience of a supernatural appearance
79
Q

yeast

A
  • *n. 酵母；泡沫；酵母片；引起骚动因素
  • ——————————————**
  1. a commercial leavening agent containing yeast cells; used to raise the dough in making bread and for fermenting beer or whiskey
  2. any of various single-celled fungi that reproduce asexually by budding or division

TOEFL-45 (45 decks)

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