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TOEFL-45 > List-4 > Flashcards

List-4 Flashcards

1
Q

analogy

A
  • *n. 类比；类推；类似
  • ——————————————**
  1. an inference that if things agree in some respects they probably agree in others
  2. drawing a comparison in order to show a similarity in some respect
  3. the religious belief that between creature and creator no similarity can be found so great but that the dissimilarity is always greater; language can point in the right direction but any analogy between God and humans will always be inadequate
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2
Q

apply

A
  • *vt. 申请；涂，敷；应用
    vi. 申请；涂，敷；适用；请求
  • ——————————————**
  1. put into service; make work or employ (something) for a particular purpose or for its inherent or natural purpose
  2. be pertinent or relevant or applicable
  3. ask (for something)
  4. apply to a surface
  5. be applicable to; as to an analysis
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3
Q

appraisal

A
  • *n. 评价；估价（尤指估价财产，以便征税）；估计
  • ——————————————**
  1. the classification of someone or something with respect to its worth
  2. a document appraising the value of something (as for insurance or taxation)
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4
Q

artifact

A
  • *n. 人工制品；手工艺品
  • ——————————————**
  1. a man-made object taken as a whole
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5
Q

assure

A
  • *vt. 保证；担保；使确信；弄清楚
  • ——————————————**
  1. make certain of
  2. inform positively and with certainty and confidence
  3. assure somebody of the truth of something with the intention of giving the listener confidence
  4. be careful or certain to do something; make certain of something
  5. cause to feel sure; give reassurance to
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6
Q

attire

A
  • *n. 服装；盛装
    vt. 打扮；使穿衣
  • ——————————————**
  1. clothing of a distinctive style or for a particular occasion
  2. put on special clothes to appear particularly appealing and attractive
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7
Q

biochemical

A
  • *adj. 生物化学的
  • ——————————————**
  1. of or relating to biochemistry; involving chemical processes in living organisms
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8
Q

catalyst

A
  • *n. [物化] 催化剂；刺激因素
  • ——————————————**
  1. (chemistry) a substance that initiates or accelerates a chemical reaction without itself being affected
  2. something that causes an important event to happen
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9
Q

cohesion

A
  • *n. 凝聚；结合；[力] 内聚力
  • ——————————————**
  1. the state of cohering or sticking together
  2. (botany) the process in some plants of parts growing together that are usually separate (such as petals)
  3. (physics) the intermolecular force that holds together the molecules in a solid or liquid
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10
Q

combustible

A
  • *adj. 易燃的；易激动的；燃烧性的
    n. 可燃物；易燃物
  • ——————————————**
  1. a substance that can be burned to provide heat or power
  2. capable of igniting and burning
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11
Q

complain

A
  • *vi. 投诉；发牢骚；诉说
    vt. 抱怨；控诉
  • ——————————————**
  1. express complaints, discontent, displeasure, or unhappiness
  2. make a formal accusation; bring a formal charge
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12
Q

counterpart

A
  • *n. 副本；配对物；极相似的人或物
  • ——————————————**
  1. a person or thing having the same function or characteristics as another
  2. a duplicate copy
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13
Q

data

A
  • *n. 数据（datum的复数）；资料
    n. (Data)人名；(日)驮太 (姓)；(印、葡)达塔
  • ——————————————**
  1. a collection of facts from which conclusions may be drawn
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14
Q

decade

A
  • *n. 十年，十年期；十
  • ——————————————**
  1. a period of 10 years
  2. the cardinal number that is the sum of nine and one; the base of the decimal system
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15
Q

dimensional

A
  • *adj. 空间的；尺寸的
  • ——————————————**
  1. of or relating to dimensions
  2. having dimension–the quality or character or stature proper to a person
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16
Q

diplomatic

A
  • *adj. 外交的；外交上的；老练的
  • ——————————————**
  1. relating to or characteristic of diplomacy
  2. skilled in dealing with sensitive matters or people
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17
Q

disposal

A
  • *n. 处理；支配；清理；安排
  • ——————————————**
  1. the power to use something or someone
  2. a method of tending to (especially business) matters
  3. the act or means of getting rid of something
  4. a kitchen appliance for disposing of garbage
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18
Q

documentation

A
  • *n. 文件, 证明文件, 史实, 文件编制
  • ——————————————**
  1. confirmation that some fact or statement is true
  2. program listings or technical manuals describing the operation and use of programs
  3. documentary validation
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19
Q

ductile

A
  • *adj. 柔软的；易教导的；易延展的
  • ——————————————**
  1. easily influenced
  2. capable of being shaped or bent or drawn out
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20
Q

engage

A
  • *vt. 吸引，占用；使参加；雇佣；使订婚；预定
    vi. 从事；答应，保证；交战；啮合
  • ——————————————**
  1. carry out or participate in an activity; be involved in
  2. engage or engross wholly
  3. engage or hire for work
  4. ask to represent; of legal counsel
  5. give to in marriage
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21
Q

enrich

A
  • *vt. 使充实；使肥沃；使富足
    n. (Enrich)人名；(西)恩里奇
  • ——————————————**
  1. make better or improve in quality
  2. make wealthy or richer
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22
Q

epidemic

A
  • *adj. 流行的；传染性的
    n. 传染病；流行病；风尚等的流行
  • ——————————————**
  1. a widespread outbreak of an infectious disease; many people are infected at the same time
  2. (especially of medicine) of disease or anything resembling a disease; attacking or affecting many individuals in a community or a population simultaneously
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23
Q

evaporation

A
  • *n. 蒸发；消失
  • ——————————————**
  1. the process of becoming a vapor
  2. the process of extracting moisture
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24
Q

expertise

A
  • *n. 专门知识；专门技术；专家的意见
  • ——————————————**
  1. skillfulness by virtue of possessing special knowledge
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25
Q

exploration

A
  • *n. 探测；探究；踏勘
  • ——————————————**
  1. to travel for the purpose of discovery
  2. a careful systematic search
  3. a systematic consideration
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26
Q

explore

A
  • *vt. 探索；探测；探险
    vi. 探索；探测；探险
  • ——————————————**
  1. inquire into
  2. travel to or penetrate into
  3. examine minutely
  4. examine (organs) for diagnostic purposes
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27
Q

extension

A
  • *n. 延长；延期；扩大；伸展；电话分机
  • ——————————————**
  1. a mutually agreed delay in the date set for the completion of a job or payment of a debt
  2. act of expanding in scope; making more widely available
  3. the spreading of something (a belief or practice) into new regions
  4. an educational opportunity provided by colleges and universities to people who not enrolled as regular students
  5. act of stretching or straightening out a flexed limb
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28
Q

figurative

A
  • *adj. 比喻的；修饰丰富的；形容多的
  • ——————————————**
  1. (used of the meanings of words or text) not literal; using figures of speech
  2. consisting of or forming human or animal figures
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29
Q

forage

A
  • *n. 饲料；草料；搜索
    vi. 搜寻粮草；搜寻
  • ——————————————**
  1. animal food for browsing or grazing
  2. the act of searching for food and provisions
  3. collect or look around for (food)
  4. wander and feed
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30
Q

haunt

A
  • *vt. 常出没于…；萦绕于…；经常去…
    vi. 出没；作祟
    n. 栖息地；常去的地方
  • ——————————————**
  1. a frequently visited place
  2. follow stealthily or recur constantly and spontaneously to
  3. haunt like a ghost; pursue
  4. be a regular or frequent visitor to a certain place
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31
Q

homogeneous

A
  • *adj. 均匀的；[数] 齐次的；同种的
  • ——————————————**
  1. all of the same or similar kind or nature
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32
Q

hurricane

A
  • *n. 飓风，暴风
  • ——————————————**
  1. a severe tropical cyclone usually with heavy rains and winds moving a 73-136 knots (12 on the Beaufort scale)
33
Q

imply

A
  • *vt. 意味；暗示；隐含
  • ——————————————**
  1. express or state indirectly
  2. suggest as a logically necessary consequence; in logic
  3. have as a logical consequence
  4. suggest that someone is guilty
  5. have as a necessary feature or consequence; entail
34
Q

intoxication

A
  • *n. [内科] 中毒；陶醉；喝醉
  • ——————————————**
  1. the physiological state produced by a poison or other toxic substance
  2. a temporary state resulting from excessive consumption of alcohol
  3. excitement and elation beyond the bounds of sobriety
35
Q

label

A
  • *vt. 标注；贴标签于
    n. 标签；商标；签条
    n. (Label)人名；(法)拉贝尔
  • ——————————————**
  1. a brief description given for purposes of identification
  2. trade name of a company that produces musical recordings
  3. a radioactive isotope that is used in a compound in order to trace the mechanism of a chemical reaction
  4. an identifying or descriptive marker that is attached to an object
  5. assign a label to; designate with a label
36
Q

locate

A
  • *vt. 位于；查找…的地点
    vi. 定位；定居
  • ——————————————**
  1. discover the location of; determine the place of; find by searching or examining
  2. determine or indicate the place, site, or limits of, as if by an instrument or by a survey
  3. assign a location to
  4. take up residence and become established
37
Q

logical

A
  • *adj. 合逻辑的，合理的；逻辑学的
  • ——————————————**
  1. capable of or reflecting the capability for correct and valid reasoning
  2. based on known statements or events or conditions
  3. marked by an orderly, logical, and aesthetically consistent relation of parts
  4. capable of thinking and expressing yourself in a clear and consistent manner
38
Q

maintenance

A
  • *n. 维护，维修；保持；生活费用
  • ——————————————**
  1. activity involved in maintaining something in good working order
  2. means of maintenance of a family or group
  3. court-ordered support paid by one spouse to another after they are separated
  4. the act of sustaining life by food or providing a means of subsistence
  5. the unauthorized interference in a legal action by a person having no interest in it (as by helping one party with money or otherwise to continue the action) so as to obstruct justice or promote unnecessary litigation or unsettle the peace of the community
39
Q

manifest

A
  • *vt. 证明，表明；显示
    vi. 显示，出现
    n. 载货单，货单；旅客名单
    adj. 显然的，明显的；明白的
  • ——————————————**
  1. a customs document listing the contents put on a ship or plane
  2. provide evidence for; stand as proof of; show by one’s behavior, attitude, or external attributes
  3. record in a ship’s manifest
  4. reveal its presence or make an appearance
  5. clearly revealed to the mind or the senses or judgment
40
Q

material

A
  • *adj. 重要的；物质的，实质性的；肉体的
    n. 材料，原料；物资；布料
  • ——————————————**
  1. the tangible substance that goes into the makeup of a physical object
  2. information (data or ideas or observations) that can be used or reworked into a finished form
  3. things needed for doing or making something
  4. artifact made by weaving or felting or knitting or crocheting natural or synthetic fibers
  5. a person judged suitable for admission or employment
41
Q

mathematics

A
  • *n. 数学；数学运算
  • ——————————————**
  1. a science (or group of related sciences) dealing with the logic of quantity and shape and arrangement
42
Q

maximum

A
  • *n. [数] 极大，最大限度；最大量
    adj. 最高的；最多的；最大极限的
  • ——————————————**
  1. the largest possible quantity
  2. the greatest possible degree
  3. the point on a curve where the tangent changes from positive on the left to negative on the right
  4. the greatest or most complete or best possible
43
Q

memo

A
  • *n. 备忘录
    n. (Memo)人名；(土、意)梅莫
  • ——————————————**
  1. a written proposal or reminder
44
Q

mold

A
  • *vt. 塑造；使发霉；用模子制作
    vi. 发霉
    n. 霉菌；模子
    n. (Mold)人名；(英)莫尔德
  • ——————————————**
  1. the distinctive form in which a thing is made
  2. container into which liquid is poured to create a given shape when it hardens
  3. loose soil rich in organic matter
  4. the process of becoming mildewed
  5. a fungus that produces a superficial growth on various kinds of damp or decaying organic matter
45
Q

neoclassical

A
  • *adj. 新古典主义的
  • ——————————————**
  1. characteristic of a revival of an earlier classical style
46
Q

original

A
  • *n. 原件；原作；原物；原型
    adj. 原始的；最初的；独创的；新颖的
  • ——————————————**
  1. an original creation (i.e., an audio recording) from which copies can be made
  2. an original model on which something is patterned
  3. preceding all others in time or being as first made or performed
  4. (of e.g. information) not secondhand or by way of something intermediary
  5. being or productive of something fresh and unusual; or being as first made or thought of
47
Q

ornament

A
  • *n. 装饰；[建][服装] 装饰物；教堂用品
    vt. 装饰，修饰
  • ——————————————**
  1. something used to beautify
  2. make more attractive by adding ornament, colour, etc.
  3. be an ornament to
48
Q

outline

A
  • *n. 轮廓；大纲；概要；略图
    vt. 概述；略述；描画…轮廓
  • ——————————————**
  1. the line that appears to bound an object
  2. a sketchy summary of the main points of an argument or theory
  3. a schematic or preliminary plan
  4. describe roughly or briefly or give the main points or summary of
  5. draw up an outline or sketch for something
49
Q

oyster

A
  • *n. 牡蛎，[无脊椎] 蚝；沉默寡言的人
  • ——————————————**
  1. marine mollusks having a rough irregular shell; found on the sea bed mostly in coastal waters
  2. edible body of any of numerous oysters
  3. a small muscle on each side of the back of a fowl
  4. gather oysters, dig oysters
50
Q

paddle

A
  • *n. 划桨；明轮翼
    vt. 拌；搅；用桨划
    vi. 划桨；戏水；涉水
  • ——————————————**
  1. small wooden bat with a flat surface; used for hitting balls in various games
  2. a blade of a paddle wheel or water wheel
  3. an instrument of punishment consisting of a flat board
  4. a short light oar used without an oarlock to propel a canoe or small boat
  5. propel with a paddle
51
Q

perception

A
  • *n. 知觉；[生理] 感觉；看法；洞察力；获取
  • ——————————————**
  1. the representation of what is perceived; basic component in the formation of a concept
  2. a way of conceiving something
  3. the process of perceiving
  4. knowledge gained by perceiving
  5. becoming aware of something via the senses
52
Q

perceptive

A
  • *adj. 感知的，知觉的；有知觉力的
  • ——————————————**
  1. of or relating to perception
  2. having the ability to perceive or understand; keen in discernment
53
Q

pretentious

A
  • *adj. 自命不凡的；炫耀的；做作的
  • ——————————————**
  1. making claim to or creating an appearance of (often undeserved) importance or distinction
  2. intended to attract notice and impress others
  3. of a display that is tawdry or vulgar
54
Q

proceed

A
  • *vi. 开始；继续进行；发生；行进
  • ——————————————**
  1. continue talking
  2. move ahead; travel onward in time or space
  3. follow a procedure or take a course
  4. follow a certain course
  5. continue a certain state, condition, or activity
55
Q

puncture

A
  • *vt. 刺穿；揭穿；削弱
    vi. 被刺穿；被戳破
    n. 穿刺；刺痕
  • ——————————————**
  1. loss of air pressure in a tire when a hole is made by some sharp object
  2. a small hole made by a sharp object
  3. the act of puncturing or perforating
  4. pierce with a pointed object; make a hole into
  5. make by piercing
56
Q

rebel

A
  • *vi. 反叛；反抗；造反
    n. 反叛者；叛徒
    adj. 反抗的；造反的
    n. (Rebel)人名；(德)雷贝尔；(英)里贝尔；(法)勒贝尔
  • ——————————————**
  1. Johnny' was applied as a nickname for Confederate soldiers by the Federal soldiers in the American Civil War; greyback’ derived from their grey Confederate uniforms
  2. a person who takes part in an armed rebellion against the constituted authority (especially in the hope of improving conditions)
  3. someone who exhibits great independence in thought and action
  4. take part in a rebellion; renounce a former allegiance
  5. break with established customs
57
Q

recall

A
  • *vt. 召回；回想起，记起；取消
    n. 召回；回忆；撤消
  • ——————————————**
  1. a request by the manufacturer of a defective product to return the product (as for replacement or repair)
  2. a call to return
  3. a bugle call that signals troops to return
  4. the process of remembering (especially the process of recovering information by mental effort)
  5. the act of removing an official by petition
58
Q

relevance

A
  • *n. 关联；适当；中肯
  • ——————————————**
  1. the relation of something to the matter at hand
59
Q

remains

A
  • *n. 残余；遗骸
  • ——————————————**
  1. any object that is left unused or still extant
  2. the dead body of a human being
60
Q

resistant

A
  • *adj. 抵抗的，反抗的；顽固的
    n. 抵抗者
  • ——————————————**
  1. relating to or conferring immunity (to disease or infection)
  2. able to tolerate environmental conditions or physiological stress
  3. impervious to being affected
  4. disposed to or engaged in defiance of established authority
  5. incapable of absorbing or mixing with
61
Q

rural

A
  • *adj. 农村的，乡下的；田园的，有乡村风味的
  • ——————————————**
  1. living in or characteristic of farming or country life
  2. relating to rural areas
62
Q

rustic

A
  • *adj. 乡村的；纯朴的；粗野的；手工粗糙的
    n. 乡下人；乡巴佬
  • ——————————————**
  1. an unsophisticated country person
  2. characteristic of rural life
  3. awkwardly simple and provincial
  4. used of idealized country life
  5. characteristic of the fields or country
63
Q

sculpt

A
  • *vt. 造型；雕刻
    vi. 造型；雕刻
    n. 雕刻品
    n. (Sculpt)人名；(英)斯卡尔普特
  • ——————————————**
  1. create by shaping stone or wood or any other hard material
  2. shape (a material like stone or wood) by whittling away at it
64
Q

selective

A

adj. 选择性的
讲究的
有选择地
有选择性地
仔细挑选地
——————————————-

  1. tending to select; characterized by careful choice
  2. characterized by very careful or fastidious selection
65
Q

shrink

A
  • *n. n.收缩；畏缩；精神病学家
    vt. 使缩小，使收缩
    vi. .收缩；畏缩
  • ——————————————**
  1. a physician who specializes in psychiatry
  2. wither, as with a loss of moisture
  3. draw back, as with fear or pain
  4. reduce in size; reduce physically
  5. become smaller or draw together
66
Q

sledding

A
  • *n. 乘雪橇；适用雪橇的地面状况；进行情况
    v. 乘雪橇；用雪橇运（sled的ing形式）
  • ——————————————**
  1. the sport of riding on a sled or sleigh
  2. advancing toward a goal
67
Q

sticky

A
  • *adj. 粘的；粘性的
  • ——————————————**
  1. having the sticky properties of an adhesive
  2. moist as with undried perspiration and with clothing sticking to the body
  3. hot or warm and humid
  4. hard to deal with; especially causing pain or embarrassment
  5. covered with an adhesive material
68
Q

superficial

A
  • *adj. 表面的；肤浅的 ；表面文章的；外表的；（人）浅薄的
  • ——————————————**
  1. being or affecting or concerned with a surface; not deep or penetrating emotionally or intellectually
  2. relating to a surface
  3. of little substance or significance
  4. involving a surface only
69
Q

synthetic

A
  • *adj. 综合的；合成的，人造的
    n. 合成物
  • ——————————————**
  1. a compound made artificially by chemical reactions
  2. not of natural origin; prepared or made artificially
  3. involving or of the nature of synthesis (combining separate elements to form a coherent whole) as opposed to analysis
  4. systematic combining of root and modifying elements into single words
  5. of a proposition whose truth value is determined by observation or facts
70
Q

throw

A
  • *vt. 投；抛；掷
    vi. 抛；投掷
    n. 投掷；冒险
  • ——————————————**
  1. the act of throwing (propelling something through the air with a rapid movement of the arm and wrist)
  2. a single chance or instance
  3. the maximum movement available to a pivoted or reciprocating piece by a cam
  4. bedclothes consisting of a lightweight cloth covering (an afghan or bedspread) that is casually thrown over something
  5. casting an object in order to determine an outcome randomly
71
Q

trade

A
  • *n. 贸易，交易；行业；职业
    vi. 交易，买卖；以物易物
    vt. 用…进行交换
  • ——————————————**
  1. the commercial exchange (buying and selling on domestic or international markets) of goods and services
  2. people who perform a particular kind of skilled work
  3. an equal exchange
  4. the skilled practice of a practical occupation
  5. a particular instance of buying or selling
72
Q

undergraduate

A
  • *n. 大学生；大学肄业生
    adj. 大学生的
  • ——————————————**
  1. a university student who has not yet received a first degree
73
Q

vanish

A
  • *vi. 消失；突然不见；成为零
    vt. 使不见，使消失
    n. 弱化音
  • ——————————————**
  1. get lost, as without warning or explanation
  2. become invisible or unnoticeable
  3. pass away rapidly
  4. cease to exist
  5. decrease rapidly and disappear
74
Q

venom

A
  • *n. 毒液；恶意
    vt. 使有毒；放毒
  • ——————————————**
  1. toxin secreted by animals; secreted by certain snakes and poisonous insects (e.g., spiders and scorpions)
  2. feeling a need to see others suffer
75
Q

venture

A
  • *vt. 敢于
    vi. 冒险；投机
    n. 企业；风险；冒险
    n. (Venture)人名；(法)旺蒂尔
  • ——————————————**
  1. any venturesome undertaking especially one with an uncertain outcome
  2. an investment that is very risky but could yield great profits
  3. a commercial undertaking that risks a loss but promises a profit
  4. proceed somewhere despite the risk of possible dangers
  5. put forward, of a guess, in spite of possible refutation
76
Q

veto

A
  • *n. 否决权
    vt. 否决；禁止
    vi. 否决；禁止
  • ——————————————**
  1. a vote that blocks a decision
  2. the power or right to prohibit or reject a proposed or intended act (especially the power of a chief executive to reject a bill passed by the legislature)
  3. vote against; refuse to endorse; refuse to assent
  4. command against
77
Q

vibration

A
  • *n. 振动；犹豫；心灵感应
  • ——————————————**
  1. the act of vibrating
  2. a distinctive emotional atmosphere; sensed intuitively
  3. a shaky motion
  4. (physics) a regular periodic variation in value about a mean
  5. a distinctive emotional aura experienced instinctively
78
Q

vicinity

A
  • *n. 邻近，附近；近处
  • ——————————————**
  1. a surrounding or nearby region

TOEFL-45 (45 decks)

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