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TOEFL-45 > List-38 > Flashcards

List-38 Flashcards

1
Q

academic

A
  • *adj. 学术的；理论的；学院的
    n. 大学生，大学教师；学者
  • ——————————————**
  1. an educator who works at a college or university
  2. associated with academia or an academy
  3. hypothetical or theoretical and not expected to produce an immediate or practical result
  4. marked by a narrow focus on or display of learning especially its trivial aspects
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2
Q

accuracy

A
  • *n. [数] 精确度，准确性
  • ——————————————**
  1. the quality of being near to the true value
  2. (mathematics) the number of significant figures given in a number
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3
Q

adapt

A
  • *vt. 使适应；改编
    vi. 适应
  • ——————————————**
  1. make fit for, or change to suit a new purpose
  2. adapt or conform oneself to new or different conditions
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4
Q

aloft

A
  • *adv. 在空中；在高处；在上面
    prep. 在…之上；在…顶上
    adj. 在空中的；在高处的；在上面的
  • ——————————————**
  1. at or on or to the masthead or upper rigging of a ship
  2. upward
  3. at or to great height; high up in or into the air
  4. in the higher atmosphere above the earth
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5
Q

attain

A
  • *vt. 达到，实现；获得；到达
    vi. 达到；获得；到达
    n. 成就
  • ——————————————**
  1. to gain with effort
  2. reach a point in time, or a certain state or level
  3. find unexpectedly
  4. reach a destination, either real or abstract
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6
Q

attention

A
  • *n. 注意力；关心；立正！（口令）
  • ——————————————**
  1. the process whereby a person concentrates on some features of the environment to the (relative) exclusion of others
  2. the work of providing treatment for or attending to someone or something
  3. a general interest that leads people to want to know more
  4. a courteous act indicating affection
  5. the faculty or power of mental concentration
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7
Q

backhand

A
  • *n. 反手拍；反手抽击
    vt. 反手抽击
    adv. 以反手；用手背
    adj. 反手的（网球等运动中的动作）
  • ——————————————**
  1. a return made with the back of the hand facing the direction of the stroke
  2. hit a tennis ball backhand
  3. (of racket strokes) made across the body with back of hand facing direction of stroke
  4. (of handwriting) having the letters slanting from left down to right
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8
Q

band

A
  • *n. 带，环；[物] 波段；(演奏流行音乐的) 乐队
    vi. 用带绑扎；给…镶边
    n. n.乐队；队；一群
  • ——————————————**
  1. an unofficial association of people or groups
  2. instrumentalists not including string players
  3. a stripe or stripes of contrasting color
  4. an adornment consisting of a strip of a contrasting color or material
  5. a group of musicians playing popular music for dancing
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9
Q

besides

A
  • *adv. 此外；而且
    prep. 除…之外
  • ——————————————**
  1. making an additional point; anyway
  2. in addition
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10
Q

bill

A
  • *n. [法] 法案；广告；账单；[金融] 票据；钞票；清单
    vt. 宣布；开账单；用海报宣传
  • ——————————————**
  1. a statute in draft before it becomes law
  2. an itemized statement of money owed for goods shipped or services rendered
  3. a piece of paper money (especially one issued by a central bank)
  4. the entertainment offered at a public presentation
  5. a list of particulars (as a playbill or bill of fare)
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11
Q

breed

A
  • *vi. 繁殖；饲养；产生
    vt. 繁殖；饲养；养育，教育；引起
    n. [生物] 品种；种类，类型
    n. (Breed)人名；(英)布里德
  • ——————————————**
  1. a special lineage
  2. a special variety of domesticated animals within a species
  3. half-caste offspring of parents of different races (especially of white and American Indian parents)
  4. a lineage or race of people
  5. call forth
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12
Q

burrow

A
  • *vi. 探索，寻找；挖地洞，挖通道；住入地洞，躲藏起来；钻进某处；偎依著
    vt. 挖掘，挖出；在…挖洞（或通道）；使躲入洞穴
    n. （兔、狐等的）洞穴，地道；藏身处，住处
    n. (Burrow)人名；(英)伯罗
  • ——————————————**
  1. a hole in the ground made by an animal for shelter
  2. move through by or as by digging
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13
Q

category

A
  • *n. 种类，分类；[数] 范畴
  • ——————————————**
  1. a collection of things sharing a common attribute
  2. a general concept that marks divisions or coordinations in a conceptual scheme
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14
Q

compensate

A
  • *vi. 补偿，赔偿；抵消
    vt. 补偿，赔偿；付报酬
  • ——————————————**
  1. adjust for
  2. make amends for; pay compensation for
  3. make up for shortcomings or a feeling of inferiority by exaggerating good qualities
  4. make reparations or amends for
  5. do or give something to somebody in return
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15
Q

concern

A
  • *vt. 涉及，关系到；使担心
    n. 关系；关心；关心的事
  • ——————————————**
  1. something that interests you because it is important or affects you
  2. an anxious feeling
  3. a commercial or industrial enterprise and the people who constitute it
  4. something or someone that causes anxiety; a source of unhappiness
  5. a feeling of sympathy for someone or something
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16
Q

conclusive

A
  • *adj. 决定性的；最后的；确实的；确定性的
  • ——————————————**
  1. forming an end or termination; especially putting an end to doubt or question
  2. final and deciding
  3. expressing finality with no implication of possible change
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17
Q

cooperative

A
  • *adj. 合作的；合作社的
    n. 合作社
  • ——————————————**
  1. a jointly owned commercial enterprise (usually organized by farmers or consumers) that produces and distributes goods and services and is run for the benefit of its owners
  2. an association formed and operated for the benefit of those using it
  3. involving the joint activity of two or more
  4. done with or working with others for a common purpose or benefit
  5. willing to adjust to differences in order to obtain agreement
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18
Q

cube

A
  • *n. 立方；立方体；骰子
    vt. 使成立方形；使自乘二次；量…的体积
    n. (Cube)人名；(瑞典、德)库贝
  • ——————————————**
  1. a three-dimensional shape with six square or rectangular sides
  2. a hexahedron with six equal squares as faces
  3. the product of three equal terms
  4. any of several tropical American woody plants of the genus Lonchocarpus whose roots are used locally as a fish poison and commercially as a source of rotenone
  5. a block in the (approximate) shape of a cube
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19
Q

dawn

A
  • *n. 黎明；开端
    vt. 破晓；出现；被领悟
    n. (Dawn)人名；(西)道恩
  • ——————————————**
  1. the first light of day
  2. the earliest period
  3. an opening time period
  4. become clear or enter one’s consciousness or emotions
  5. appear or develop
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20
Q

debt

A
  • *n. 债务；借款；罪过
  • ——————————————**
  1. the state of owing something (especially money)
  2. money or goods or services owed by one person to another
  3. an obligation to pay or do something
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21
Q

describe

A
  • *vt. 描述，形容；描绘
  • ——————————————**
  1. give a description of
  2. to give an account or representation of in words
  3. identify as in botany or biology, for example
  4. make a mark or lines on a surface
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22
Q

desperate

A
  • *adj. 不顾一切的；令人绝望的；极度渴望的
  • ——————————————**
  1. a person who is frightened and in need of help
  2. arising from or marked by despair or loss of hope
  3. desperately determined
  4. (of persons) dangerously reckless or violent as from urgency or despair
  5. showing extreme courage; especially of actions courageously undertaken in desperation as a last resort
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23
Q

destination

A
  • *n. 目的地，终点
  • ——————————————**
  1. the place designated as the end (as of a race or journey)
  2. the ultimate goal for which something is done
  3. written directions for finding some location; written on letters or packages that are to be delivered to that location
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24
Q

disrupt

A
  • *vt. 破坏；使瓦解；使分裂；使中断；使陷于混乱
    adj. 分裂的，中断的；分散的
  • ——————————————**
  1. make a break in
  2. throw into disorder
  3. interfere in someone else’s activity
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25
Q

endow

A
  • *vt. 赋予；捐赠；天生具有
  • ——————————————**
  1. give qualities or abilities to
  2. furnish with an endowment
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26
Q

ethical

A
  • *adj. 伦理的；道德的；凭处方出售的
    n. 处方药
  • ——————————————**
  1. of or relating to the philosophical study of ethics
  2. conforming to accepted standards of social or professional behavior
  3. adhering to ethical and moral principles
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27
Q

fumigate

A
  • *vt. 熏制；香薰；用烟熏消毒
  • ——————————————**
  1. treat with fumes, expose to fumes, especially with the aim of disinfecting or eradicating pests
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28
Q

gentility

A
  • *n. 有教养，文雅；上流阶层
  • ——————————————**
  1. elegance by virtue of fineness of manner and expression
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29
Q

grasshopper

A
  • *n. 蚱蜢；[植保] 蝗虫；小型侦察机
    vi. 见异思迁；蚱蜢似地跳
  • ——————————————**
  1. terrestrial plant-eating insect with hind legs adapted for leaping
  2. a cocktail made of creme de menthe and cream (sometimes with creme de cacao)
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30
Q

humanitarian

A
  • *adj. 人道主义的；博爱的；基督凡人论的
    n. 人道主义者；慈善家；博爱主义者；基督凡人论者
  • ——————————————**
  1. someone devoted to the promotion of human welfare and to social reforms
  2. marked by humanistic values and devotion to human welfare
  3. of or relating to or characteristic of humanitarianism
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31
Q

husk

A
  • *n. 皮；外壳；无价值之物
    vt. 削皮；以粗哑的嗓音说
    vi. 嗓音变得嘶哑
  • ——————————————**
  1. material consisting of seed coverings and small pieces of stem or leaves that have been separated from the seeds
  2. outer membranous covering of some fruits or seeds
  3. remove the husks from
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32
Q

implication

A
  • *n. 含义；暗示；牵连，卷入；可能的结果，影响
  • ——————————————**
  1. something that is inferred (deduced or entailed or implied)
  2. a meaning that is not expressly stated but can be inferred
  3. an accusation that brings into intimate and usually incriminating connection
  4. a logical relation between propositions p and q of the form `if p then q’; if p is true then q cannot be false
  5. a relation implicated by virtue of involvement or close connection (especially an incriminating involvement)
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33
Q

inhabit

A
  • *vt. 栖息；居住于；占据
    vi. （古）居住；栖息
  • ——————————————**
  1. inhabit or live in
  2. be present in; be inside of
34
Q

insect

A
  • *n. 昆虫；卑鄙的人
  • ——————————————**
  1. small air-breathing arthropod
  2. a person who has a nasty or unethical character undeserving of respect
35
Q

interact

A
  • *vt. 互相影响；互相作用
    vi. 互相影响；互相作用
    n. 幕间剧；幕间休息
  • ——————————————**
  1. act together or towards others or with others
36
Q

interval

A
  • *n. 间隔；间距；幕间休息
  • ——————————————**
  1. a definite length of time marked off by two instants
  2. a set containing all points (or all real numbers) between two given endpoints
  3. the distance between things
  4. the difference in pitch between two notes
37
Q

irritable

A
  • *adj. 过敏的；急躁的；易怒的
  • ——————————————**
  1. easily irritated or annoyed
  2. abnormally sensitive to a stimulus
  3. capable of responding to stimuli
38
Q

landing

A
  • *n. 登陆；码头；楼梯平台
    v. 登陆（land的ing形式）
    n. (Landing)人名；(冈、瑞典、塞内)兰丁
  • ——————————————**
  1. an intermediate platform in a staircase
  2. structure providing a place where boats can land people or goods
  3. the act of coming down to the earth (or other surface)
  4. the act of coming to land after a voyage
39
Q

limb

A
  • *n. 肢，臂；分支；枝干
    vt. 切断…的手足；从…上截下树枝
    n. (Limb)人名；(朝)林；(英)利姆
  • ——————————————**
  1. one of the jointed appendages of an animal used for locomotion or grasping: arm; leg; wing; flipper
  2. any of the main branches arising from the trunk or a bough of a tree
  3. (astronomy) the circumferential edge of the apparent disc of the sun or the moon or a planet
  4. either of the two halves of a bow from handle to tip
  5. the graduated arc that is attached to an instrument for measuring angles
40
Q

mask

A
  • *n. 面具；口罩；掩饰
    vi. 掩饰；戴面具；化装
    vt. 掩饰；戴面具；使模糊
  • ——————————————**
  1. a covering to disguise or conceal the face
  2. activity that tries to conceal something
  3. a party of guests wearing costumes and masks
  4. a protective covering worn over the face
  5. hide under a false appearance
41
Q

mass

A
  • *n. 块，团；群众，民众；大量，众多；质量
    adj. 群众的，民众的；大规模的，集中的
    vi. 聚集起来，聚集
    vt. 使集合
  • ——————————————**
  1. the property of a body that causes it to have weight in a gravitational field
  2. (often followed by `of’) a large number or amount or extent
  3. an ill-structured collection of similar things (objects or people)
  4. (Roman Catholic Church and Protestant Churches) the celebration of the Eucharist
  5. a body of matter without definite shape
42
Q

microprocessor

A
  • *n. [计] 微处理器
  • ——————————————**
  1. integrated circuit semiconductor chip that performs the bulk of the processing and controls the parts of a system
43
Q

morale

A
  • *n. 士气，斗志
    n. (Morale)人名；(意、西)莫拉莱
  • ——————————————**
  1. a state of individual psychological well-being based upon a sense of confidence and usefulness and purpose
  2. the spirit of a group that makes the members want the group to succeed
44
Q

musical

A
  • *adj. 音乐的；悦耳的
    n. 音乐片
  • ——————————————**
  1. a play or film whose action and dialogue is interspersed with singing and dancing
  2. characterized by or capable of producing music
  3. talented in or devoted to music
  4. characteristic of or resembling or accompanied by music
  5. containing or constituting or characterized by pleasing melody
45
Q

oversleep

A
  • *vt. 使睡过头
    vi. 睡过头
  • ——————————————**
  1. sleep longer than intended
46
Q

oxide

A
  • *n. [化学] 氧化物
  • ——————————————**
  1. any compound of oxygen with another element or a radical
47
Q

patriot

A
  • *n. 爱国者
  • ——————————————**
  1. one who loves and defends his or her country
48
Q

periodic

A
  • *adj. 周期的；定期的
  • ——————————————**
  1. happening or recurring at regular intervals
  2. recurring at regular intervals
  3. recurring or reappearing from time to time
49
Q

pierce

A
  • *vt. 刺穿；洞察；响彻；深深地打动
    vi. 进入；透入
  • ——————————————**
  1. 14th President of the United States (1804-1869)
  2. cut or make a way through
  3. move or affect (a person’s emotions or bodily feelings) deeply or sharply
  4. sound sharply or shrilly
  5. penetrate or cut through with a sharp instrument
50
Q

pine

A
  • *vi. 渴望，痛苦；憔悴
    n. [林] 松树；凤梨，菠萝
    vt. 为…悲哀；哀悼
    adj. 松木的；似松的
    n. (Pine)人名；(英)派因
  • ——————————————**
  1. a coniferous tree
  2. straight-grained durable and often resinous white to yellowish timber of any of numerous trees of the genus Pinus
  3. have a desire for something or someone who is not present
51
Q

pipe

A
  • *n. 管；烟斗；笛
    vi. 吹笛；尖叫
    vt. 用管道输送；尖声唱；用管乐器演奏
    n. (Pipe)人名；(匈)皮佩；(英)派普
  • ——————————————**
  1. a tube with a small bowl at one end; used for smoking tobacco
  2. a long tube made of metal or plastic that is used to carry water or oil or gas etc.
  3. a hollow cylindrical shape
  4. a small fipple flute that is played with the left hand while the right hand is free to beat a tabor
  5. the flues and stops on a pipe organ
52
Q

planetary

A
  • *adj. 行星的
  • ——————————————**
  1. of or relating to or resembling the physical or orbital characteristics of a planet or the planets
  2. of or relating to or characteristic of the planet Earth or its inhabitants
  3. having no fixed course
  4. involving the entire earth; not limited or provincial in scope
53
Q

platitude

A
  • *n. 陈词滥调；平凡；陈腐
  • ——————————————**
  1. a trite or obvious remark
54
Q

propensity

A
  • *n. 倾向，习性；癖好，偏爱
  • ——————————————**
  1. an inclination to do something
  2. a natural inclination
  3. a disposition to behave in a certain way
55
Q

prosperity

A
  • *n. 繁荣，成功
  • ——————————————**
  1. an economic state of growth with rising profits and full employment
  2. the condition of prospering; having good fortune
56
Q

prototype

A
  • *n. 原型；标准，模范
  • ——————————————**
  1. a standard or typical example
57
Q

publication

A
  • *n. 出版；出版物；发表
  • ——————————————**
  1. a copy of a printed work offered for distribution
  2. the act of issuing printed materials
  3. the communication of something to the public; making information generally known
  4. the business of issuing printed matter for sale or distribution
58
Q

quiz

A
  • *n. 考查；恶作剧；课堂测验
    vt. 挖苦；张望；对…进行测验
  • ——————————————**
  1. an examination consisting of a few short questions
  2. examine someone’s knowledge of something
59
Q

refrigerate

A
  • *vt. 冷藏，冷冻；使冷却；使清凉
  • ——————————————**
  1. preserve by chilling
  2. cool or chill in or as if in a refrigerator
60
Q

reject

A
  • *vt. 拒绝；排斥；抵制；丢弃
    n. 被弃之物或人；次品
  • ——————————————**
  1. the person or thing that is rejected or set aside as inferior in quality
  2. refuse to accept or acknowledge
  3. refuse to accept
  4. deem wrong or inappropriate
  5. reject with contempt
61
Q

relief

A
  • *n. 救济；减轻，解除；安慰；浮雕
  • ——————————————**
  1. the feeling that comes when something burdensome is removed or reduced
  2. the condition of being comfortable or relieved (especially after being relieved of distress)
  3. (law) redress awarded by a court
  4. someone who takes the place of another (as when things get dangerous or difficult)
  5. assistance in time of difficulty
62
Q

restricted

A
  • *adj. 受限制的；保密的
    v. 限制（restrict的过去式和过去分词）
  • ——————————————**
  1. subject to restriction or subjected to restriction
  2. restricted in meaning; (as e.g. man' in a tall man’)
  3. curbed or regulated
  4. the lowest level of official classification for documents
63
Q

revenue

A
  • *n. 税收，国家的收入；收益
  • ——————————————**
  1. the entire amount of income before any deductions are made
  2. government income due to taxation
64
Q

revert

A
  • *vi. 回复；重提；返祖遗传；归还
    vt. 使回复原状
    n. 恢复原状者
    n. (Revert)人名；(西)雷韦特；(法)勒韦尔
  • ——————————————**
  1. go back to a previous state
  2. undergo reversion, as in a mutation
65
Q

revoke

A
  • *vt. 撤回，取消；废除
    vi. 有牌不跟
    n. 有牌不跟
  • ——————————————**
  1. the mistake of not following suit when able to do so
  2. fail to follow suit when able and required to do so
  3. annul by recalling or rescinding
66
Q

rudimentary

A
  • *adj. 基本的；初步的；退化的；残遗的；未发展的
  • ——————————————**
  1. being or involving basic facts or principles
  2. being in the earliest stages of development
  3. not fully developed in mature animals
67
Q

scope

A
  • *n. 范围；余地；视野；眼界；导弹射程
    vt. 审视
  • ——————————————**
  1. an area in which something acts or operates or has power or control:
  2. the state of the environment in which a situation exists
  3. a magnifier of images of distant objects
  4. electronic equipment that provides visual images of varying electrical quantities
68
Q

settle

A
  • *vi. 解决；定居；沉淀；下陷
    vt. 解决；安排；使…定居
    n. 有背长椅
    n. (Settle)人名；(英)塞特尔
  • ——————————————**
  1. a long wooden bench with a back
  2. settle into a position, usually on a surface or ground
  3. bring to an end; settle conclusively
  4. settle conclusively; come to terms
  5. take up residence and become established
69
Q

shortly

A
  • *adv. 立刻；简短地；唐突地
  • ——————————————**
  1. for a short time
  2. in the near future
  3. in a curt, abrupt and discourteous manner
  4. in a concise manner; in a few words
  5. at a short distance
70
Q

slope

A
  • *n. 斜坡；倾斜；斜率；扛枪姿势
    vi. 倾斜；逃走
    vt. 倾斜；使倾斜；扛
  • ——————————————**
  1. an elevated geological formation
  2. the property possessed by a line or surface that departs from the horizontal
  3. be at an angle
71
Q

squeeze

A
  • *vt. 挤；紧握；勒索
    vi. 压榨
    n. 压榨；紧握；拥挤；佣金
  • ——————————————**
  1. the act of gripping and pressing firmly
  2. a state in which there is a short supply of cash to lend to businesses and consumers and interest rates are high
  3. a situation in which increased costs cannot be passed on to the customer
  4. (slang) a person’s girlfriend or boyfriend
  5. a twisting squeeze
72
Q

staggering

A
  • *adj. 蹒跚的；令人惊愕的；犹豫的
    v. 蹒跚（stagger的ing形式）
  • ——————————————**
  1. so surprisingly impressive as to stun or overwhelm
73
Q

stimulate

A
  • *vt. 刺激；鼓舞，激励
    vi. 起刺激作用；起促进作用
  • ——————————————**
  1. act as a stimulant
  2. cause to do; cause to act in a specified manner
  3. stir the feelings, emotions, or peace of
  4. cause to be alert and energetic
  5. cause to occur rapidly
74
Q

technical

A
  • *adj. 工艺的，科技的；技术上的；专门的
  • ——————————————**
  1. a pickup truck with a gun mounted on it
  2. (basketball) a foul that can be assessed on a player or a coach or a team for unsportsmanlike conduct; does not usually involve physical contact during play
  3. of or relating to technique
  4. characterizing or showing skill in or specialized knowledge of applied arts and sciences
  5. of or relating to proficiency in a practical skill
75
Q

textile

A
  • *n. 纺织品，织物
    adj. 纺织的
  • ——————————————**
  1. artifact made by weaving or felting or knitting or crocheting natural or synthetic fibers
  2. of or relating to fabrics or fabric making
76
Q

transaction

A
  • *n. 交易；事务；办理；会报，学报
  • ——————————————**
  1. the act of transacting within or between groups (as carrying on commercial activities)
77
Q

transfer

A
  • *n. 转让；转移；传递；过户
    vi. 转让；转学；换车
    vt. 使转移；调任
  • ——————————————**
  1. the act of moving something from one location to another
  2. someone who transfers or is transferred from one position to another
  3. the act of transfering something from one form to another
  4. a ticket that allows a passenger to change conveyances
  5. application of a skill learned in one situation to a different but similar situation
78
Q

transparent

A
  • *adj. 透明的；显然的；坦率的；易懂的
  • ——————————————**
  1. transmitting light; able to be seen through with clarity
  2. so thin as to transmit light
  3. free of deceit
  4. easily understood or seen through (because of a lack of subtlety)
79
Q

vaccine

A
  • *n. 疫苗；牛痘苗
    adj. 疫苗的；牛痘的
  • ——————————————**
  1. immunogen consisting of a suspension of weakened or dead pathogenic cells injected in order to stimulate the production of antibodies
80
Q

vertebrate

A
  • *adj. 脊椎动物的；有脊椎的
    n. 脊椎动物
  • ——————————————**
  1. animals having a bony or cartilaginous skeleton with a segmented spinal column and a large brain enclosed in a skull or cranium
  2. having a backbone or spinal column

TOEFL-45 (45 decks)

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