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TOEFL-45 > List-17 > Flashcards

List-17 Flashcards

1
Q

allergy

A
  • *n. 过敏症；反感；厌恶
  • ——————————————**
  1. hypersensitivity reaction to a particular allergen; symptoms can vary greatly in intensity
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2
Q

arid

A
  • *adj. 干旱的；不毛的，[农] 荒芜的
  • ——————————————**
  1. lacking sufficient water or rainfall
  2. lacking vitality or spirit; lifeless
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3
Q

aroma

A
  • *n. 芳香
    n. (Aroma)人名；(瑞典、土)阿罗马
  • ——————————————**
  1. any property detected by the olfactory system
  2. a distinctive odor that is pleasant
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4
Q

assign

A
  • *vt. 分配；指派；[计][数] 赋值
    vi. 将财产过户（尤指过户给债权人）
  • ——————————————**
  1. give an assignment to (a person) to a post, or assign a task to (a person)
  2. give out or allot
  3. attribute or credit to
  4. select something or someone for a specific purpose
  5. attribute or give
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5
Q

associate

A
  • *vi. 交往；结交
    n. 同事，伙伴；关联的事物
    vt. 联想；使联合；使发生联系
    adj. 副的；联合的
  • ——————————————**
  1. a person who joins with others in some activity
  2. a person who is frequently in the company of another
  3. any event that usually accompanies or is closely connected with another
  4. a degree granted by a two-year college on successful completion of the undergraduates course of studies
  5. make a logical or causal connection
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6
Q

athlete

A
  • *n. 运动员，体育家；身强力壮的人
  • ——————————————**
  1. a person trained to compete in sports
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7
Q

aviation

A
  • *n. 航空；飞行术；飞机制造业
  • ——————————————**
  1. the aggregation of a country’s military aircraft
  2. the operation of aircraft to provide transportation
  3. the art of operating aircraft
  4. travel via aircraft
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8
Q

bedrock

A
  • *n. [地质] 基岩；根底；基本原理
  • ——————————————**
  1. solid unweathered rock lying beneath surface deposits of soil
  2. principles from which other truths can be derived
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9
Q

cardinal

A
  • *n. 红衣主教；枢机主教；鲜红色；【鸟类】(北美)主红雀
    adj. 主要的，基本的；深红色的
  • ——————————————**
  1. (Roman Catholic Church) one of a group of more than 100 prominent bishops in the Sacred College who advise the Pope and elect new Popes
  2. the number of elements in a mathematical set; denotes a quantity but not the order
  3. a variable color averaging a vivid red
  4. crested thick-billed North American finch having bright red plumage in the male
  5. serving as an essential component
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10
Q

carnivore

A
  • *n. [动] 食肉动物；食虫植物
  • ——————————————**
  1. a terrestrial or aquatic flesh-eating mammal
  2. any animal that feeds on flesh
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11
Q

census

A
  • *vt. 实施统计调查
    n. 人口普查，人口调查
  • ——————————————**
  1. a periodic count of the population
  2. conduct a census
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12
Q

certificate

A
  • *vt. 发给证明书；以证书形式授权给…；用证书批准
    n. 证书；执照，文凭
  • ——————————————**
  1. a document attesting to the truth of certain stated facts
  2. a formal declaration that documents a fact of relevance to finance and investment; the holder has a right to receive interest or dividends
  3. present someone with a certificate
  4. authorize by certificate
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13
Q

complex

A
  • *adj. 复杂的；合成的
    n. 复合体；综合设施
  • ——————————————**
  1. a conceptual whole made up of complicated and related parts
  2. a compound described in terms of the central atom to which other atoms are bound or coordinated
  3. (psychoanalysis) a combination of emotions and impulses that have been rejected from awareness but still influence a person’s behavior
  4. a whole structure (as a building) made up of interconnected or related structures
  5. complicated in structure; consisting of interconnected parts
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14
Q

contract

A
  • *vi. 收缩；感染；订约
    vt. 感染；订约；使缩短
    n. 合同；婚约
  • ——————————————**
  1. a binding agreement between two or more persons that is enforceable by law
  2. (contract bridge) the highest bid becomes the contract setting the number of tricks that the bidder must make
  3. a variety of bridge in which the bidder receives points toward game only for the number of tricks he bid
  4. enter into a contractual arrangement
  5. engage by written agreement
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15
Q

convex

A
  • *adj. 凸面的；凸圆的
    n. 凸面体；凸状
  • ——————————————**
  1. curving or bulging outward
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16
Q

course

A
  • *n. 科目；课程；过程；进程；道路；路线，航向；一道菜
    vt. 追赶；跑过
    vi. 指引航线；快跑
  • ——————————————**
  1. education imparted in a series of lessons or meetings
  2. a connected series of events or actions or developments
  3. facility consisting of a circumscribed area of land or water laid out for a sport
  4. a mode of action
  5. a line or route along which something travels or moves
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17
Q

criticize

A
  • *vt. 批评；评论；非难
    vi. 批评；评论；苛求

——————————————-**

  1. find fault with; express criticism of; point out real or perceived flaws
  2. act as a critic
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18
Q

dealer

A
  • *n. 经销商；商人
    v. 商人
  • ——————————————**
  1. someone who purchases and maintains an inventory of goods to be sold
  2. a firm engaged in trading
  3. a seller of illicit goods
  4. the major party to a financial transaction at a stock exchange; buys and sells for his own account
  5. the person who distributes the playing cards in a card game
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19
Q

defecate

A
  • *vt. 澄清；除去污物
    vi. 排便；澄清
  • ——————————————**
  1. have a bowel movement
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20
Q

dismay

A
  • *n. 沮丧，灰心；惊慌
    vt. 使沮丧；使惊慌
  • ——————————————**
  1. the feeling of despair in the face of obstacles
  2. fear resulting from the awareness of danger
  3. lower someone’s spirits; make downhearted
  4. fill with apprehension or alarm; cause to be unpleasantly surprised
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21
Q

drastic

A
  • *adj. 激烈的；猛烈的
    n. 烈性泻药
  • ——————————————**
  1. forceful and extreme and rigorous
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22
Q

flake

A
  • *vi. 剥落；成片状剥落
    vt. 使…成薄片；将…剥落
    n. 小薄片；火花
    n. (Flake)人名；(英)弗莱克；(德)弗拉克
  • ——————————————**
  1. a crystal of snow
  2. a person with an unusual or odd personality
  3. a small fragment of something broken off from the whole
  4. form into flakes
  5. cover with flakes or as if with flakes
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23
Q

float

A
  • *vt. 使漂浮；实行
    vi. 浮动；飘动，散播；摇摆；付诸实施
    n. 彩车，花车；漂流物；浮舟；浮萍
    n. (Float)人名；(英)弗洛特
  • ——————————————**
  1. the time interval between the deposit of a check in a bank and its payment
  2. the number of shares outstanding and available for trading by the public
  3. a drink with ice cream floating in it
  4. an elaborate display mounted on a platform carried by a truck (or pulled by a truck) in a procession or parade
  5. a hand tool with a flat face used for smoothing and finishing the surface of plaster or cement or stucco
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24
Q

flourish

A
  • *n. 兴旺；茂盛；挥舞；炫耀；华饰
    vt. 夸耀；挥舞
    vi. 繁荣，兴旺；茂盛；活跃；处于旺盛时期
  • ——————————————**
  1. a showy gesture
  2. an ornamental embellishment in writing
  3. a display of ornamental speech or language
  4. the act of waving
  5. (music) a short lively tune played on brass instruments
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25
Q

geology

A
  • *n. 地质学；地质情况
  • ——————————————**
  1. a science that deals with the history of the earth as recorded in rocks
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26
Q

glaze

A
  • *vt. 装以玻璃；上釉于
    vi. 变呆滞；变得光滑
    n. 釉；光滑面
    n. (Glaze)人名；(英)格莱兹
  • ——————————————**
  1. any of various thin shiny (savory or sweet) coatings applied to foods
  2. a glossy finish on a fabric
  3. coating for fabrics, ceramics, metal, etc.
  4. coat with a glaze
  5. become glassy or take on a glass-like appearance
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27
Q

grading

A
  • *n. 分阶段；定等级；坡度缓和
    v. 定等级；减缓坡度（grade的现在分词形式）
  • ——————————————**
  1. the act of arranging in a graduated series
  2. changing the ground level to a smooth horizontal or gently sloping surface
  3. evaluation of performance by assigning a grade or score
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28
Q

harsh

A
  • *adj. 严厉的；严酷的；刺耳的；粗糙的；刺目的
    n. (Harsh)人名；(英)哈什
  • ——————————————**
  1. unpleasantly stern
  2. disagreeable to the senses
  3. of textures that are rough to the touch or substances consisting of relatively large particles
  4. unkind or cruel or uncivil
  5. severe
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29
Q

hind

A
  • *adj. 后部的
    n. 雌鹿
    n. (Hind)人名；(英、芬)欣德
  • ——————————————**
  1. any of several mostly spotted fishes that resemble groupers
  2. female red deer
  3. located at or near the back of an animal
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30
Q

hominid

A
  • *n. 原始人类；人科动物
    adj. 人类及其祖先的
  • ——————————————**
  1. a primate of the family Hominidae
  2. characterizing the family Hominidae, which includes Homo sapiens as well as extinct species of manlike creatures
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31
Q

hypothesis

A
  • *n. 假设
  • ——————————————**
  1. a proposal intended to explain certain facts or observations
  2. a tentative theory about the natural world; a concept that is not yet verified but that if true would explain certain facts or phenomena
  3. a message expressing an opinion based on incomplete evidence
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32
Q

illegible

A
  • *adj. 难辨认的；字迹模糊的
  • ——————————————**
  1. (of handwriting, print, etc.) not legible
33
Q

incoming

A
  • *adj. 进来的，到来的； 即将就任的
    n. 进入；到来；常作 incomings 收入，收益
  • ——————————————**
  1. the act of entering
  2. arriving at a place or position
34
Q

individual

A
  • *adj. 个人的；个别的；独特的
    n. 个人，个体
  • ——————————————**
  1. a human being
  2. a single organism
  3. being or characteristic of a single thing or person
  4. separate and distinct from others of the same kind
  5. characteristic of or meant for a single person or thing
35
Q

inherit

A
  • *vt. 继承；遗传而得
    vi. 成为继承人
  • ——————————————**
  1. obtain from someone after their death
  2. receive from a predecessor
  3. receive by genetic transmission
36
Q

instruct

A
  • *vt. 指导；通知；命令；教授
  • ——————————————**
  1. impart skills or knowledge to
  2. give instructions or directions for some task
  3. make aware of
37
Q

insulate

A
  • *vt. 隔离，使孤立；使绝缘，使隔热
  • ——————————————**
  1. protect from heat, cold, or noise by surrounding with insulating material
  2. place or set apart
38
Q

intellectual

A
  • *adj. 智力的；聪明的；理智的
    n. 知识分子；凭理智做事者
  • ——————————————**
  1. a person who uses the mind creatively
  2. of or relating to the intellect
  3. of or associated with or requiring the use of the mind
  4. appealing to or using the intellect
  5. involving intelligence rather than emotions or instinct
39
Q

legend

A
  • *n. 传奇；说明；图例；刻印文字
    n. (Legend)人名；(西)莱亨德；(英)莱金德
  • ——————————————**
  1. a story about mythical or supernatural beings or events
  2. brief description accompanying an illustration
40
Q

legible

A
  • *adj. 清晰的；易读的；易辨认的
  • ——————————————**
  1. (of handwriting, print, etc.) able to be read
41
Q

lime

A
  • *n. 石灰；酸橙；绿黄色
    vt. 撒石灰于；涂粘鸟胶于
    adj. 绿黄色的
    n. (Lime)人名；(法)利姆
  • ——————————————**
  1. a caustic substance produced by heating limestone
  2. a white crystalline oxide used in the production of calcium hydroxide
  3. a sticky adhesive that is smeared on small branches to capture small birds
  4. any of various related trees bearing limes
  5. any of various deciduous trees of the genus Tilia with heart-shaped leaves and drooping cymose clusters of yellowish often fragrant flowers; several yield valuable timber
42
Q

livelihood

A
  • *n. 生计，生活；营生
  • ——————————————**
  1. the financial means whereby one lives
43
Q

lizard

A
  • *n. 蜥蜴；类蜥蜴爬行动物
    n. (Lizard)人名；(法)利扎尔
  • ——————————————**
  1. relatively long-bodied reptile with usually two pairs of legs and a tapering tail
  2. a man who idles about in the lounges of hotels and bars in search of women who would support him
44
Q

male

A
  • *adj. 男性的；雄性的；有力的
    n. 男人；雄性动物
    n. (Male)人名；(柬)马尔；(意、西、塞)马莱；(英)梅尔
  • ——————————————**
  1. an animal that produces gametes (spermatozoa) that can fertilize female gametes (ova)
  2. a person who belongs to the sex that cannot have babies
  3. the capital of Maldives in the center of the islands
  4. being the sex (of plant or animal) that produces gametes (spermatozoa) that perform the fertilizing function in generation
  5. characteristic of a man
45
Q

maturity

A
  • *n. 成熟；到期；完备
  • ——————————————**
  1. the period of time in your life after your physical growth has stopped and you are fully developed
  2. state of being mature; full development
  3. the date on which a financial obligation must be repaid
46
Q

militant

A
  • *adj. 好战的
    n. 富有战斗性的人；好斗者；激进分子
  • ——————————————**
  1. a militant reformer
  2. disposed to warfare or hard-line policies
  3. showing a fighting disposition
  4. engaged in war
47
Q

mosaic

A
  • *adj. 摩西的；拼成的；嵌花式的
    n. 马赛克；镶嵌；镶嵌细工
  • ——————————————**
  1. art consisting of a design made of small pieces of colored stone or glass
  2. viral disease in solanaceous plants (tomatoes, potatoes, tobacco) resulting in mottling and often shriveling of the leaves
  3. a freeware browser
  4. a pattern resembling a mosaic
  5. transducer formed by the light-sensitive surface on a television camera tube
48
Q

motivation

A
  • *n. 动机；积极性；推动
  • ——————————————**
  1. the psychological feature that arouses an organism to action toward a desired goal; the reason for the action; that which gives purpose and direction to behavior
  2. the condition of being motivated
  3. the act of motivating; providing incentive
49
Q

overwhelm

A
  • *vt. 淹没；压倒；受打击；覆盖；压垮
  • ——————————————**
  1. overcome, as with emotions or perceptual stimuli
  2. charge someone with too many tasks
  3. cover completely or make imperceptible
  4. overcome by superior force
50
Q

paraphrase

A
  • *n. 释义；改述；演释曲
    vt. 改述
    vi. 释义；意译
  • ——————————————**
  1. rewording for the purpose of clarification
  2. express the same message in different words
51
Q

pebble

A
  • *n. 卵石；水晶透镜
    vt. 用卵石铺
  • ——————————————**
  1. a small smooth rounded rock
52
Q

posthumous

A
  • *adj. 死后的；遗腹的；作者死后出版的
  • ——————————————**
  1. occurring or coming into existence after a person’s death
53
Q

preoccupation

A
  • *n. 全神贯注，入神；当务之急；关注的事物；抢先占据；成见
  • ——————————————**
  1. an idea that preoccupies the mind and holds the attention
  2. the mental state of being preoccupied by something
  3. the act of taking occupancy before someone else does
54
Q

prepare

A
  • *vt. 准备；使适合；装备；起草
    vi. 预备；做好思想准备
  • ——————————————**
  1. make ready or suitable or equip in advance for a particular purpose or for some use, event, etc
  2. prepare for eating by applying heat
  3. to prepare verbally, either for written or spoken delivery
  4. arrange by systematic planning and united effort
  5. prepare (someone) for a future role or function
55
Q

privilege

A
  • *n. 特权；优待；基本权利
    vt. 给与…特权；特免
  • ——————————————**
  1. a special advantage or immunity or benefit not enjoyed by all
  2. a right reserved exclusively by a particular person or group (especially a hereditary or official right)
  3. (law) the right to refuse to divulge information obtained in a confidential relationship
  4. bestow a privilege upon
56
Q

publicize

A
  • *vt. 宣传；公布
  • ——————————————**
  1. make public
  2. call attention to
57
Q

realistic

A
  • *adj. 现实的；现实主义的；逼真的；实在论的
  • ——————————————**
  1. aware or expressing awareness of things as they really are
  2. representing what is real; not abstract or ideal
  3. of or relating to the philosophical doctrine of realism
58
Q

recipe

A
  • *n. 食谱；[临床] 处方；秘诀
  • ——————————————**
  1. directions for making something
59
Q

region

A
  • *n. 地区；范围；部位
  • ——————————————**
  1. the extended spatial location of something
  2. a part of an animal that has a special function or is supplied by a given artery or nerve
  3. a large indefinite location on the surface of the Earth
  4. the approximate amount of something (usually used prepositionally as in `in the region of’)
  5. a knowledge domain that you are interested in or are communicating about
60
Q

rekindle

A
  • *vi. 重新点燃
    vt. 重新点燃；再点火
  • ——————————————**
  1. kindle anew, as of a fire
  2. arouse again
61
Q

relevant

A
  • *adj. 相关的；切题的；中肯的；有重大关系的；有意义的，目的明确的
  • ——————————————**
  1. having a bearing on or connection with the subject at issue
62
Q

rental

A
  • *n. 租金收入，租金；租赁
    adj. 租赁的；收取租金的
  • ——————————————**
  1. property that is leased or rented out or let
  2. the act of paying for the use of something (as an apartment or house or car)
  3. available to rent or lease
  4. of or relating to rent
63
Q

represent

A
  • *vt. 代表；表现；描绘；回忆；再赠送
    vi. 代表；提出异议
  • ——————————————**
  1. take the place of or be parallel or equivalent to
  2. express indirectly by an image, form, or model; be a symbol
  3. be representative or typical for
  4. be a delegate or spokesperson for; represent somebody’s interest or be a proxy or substitute for, as of politicians and office holders representing their constituents, or of a tenant representing other tenants in a housing dispute
  5. serve as a means of expressing something
64
Q

revision

A
  • *n. [印刷] 修正；复习；修订本
  • ——————————————**
  1. the act of revising or altering (involving reconsideration and modification)
  2. the act of rewriting something
  3. something that has been written again
65
Q

rite

A
  • *n. 仪式；惯例，习俗；典礼
    n. (Rite)人名；(西)里特
  • ——————————————**
  1. an established ceremony prescribed by a religion
  2. any customary observance or practice
66
Q

rugged

A
  • *adj. 崎岖的；坚固的；高低不平的；粗糙的
  • ——————————————**
  1. sturdy and strong in constitution or construction; enduring
  2. topographically very uneven
  3. rocky and steep
  4. very difficult; severely testing stamina or resolution
67
Q

sanitation

A
  • *n. [医] 环境卫生；卫生设备；下水道设施
  • ——————————————**
  1. the state of being clean and conducive to health
  2. making something sanitary (free of germs) as by sterilizing
68
Q

senior

A
  • *adj. 高级的；年长的；地位较高的；年资较深的，资格较老的
    n. 上司；较年长者；毕业班学生
    n. (Senior)人名；(英)西尼尔
  • ——————————————**
  1. an undergraduate student during the year preceding graduation
  2. a person who is older than you are
  3. older; higher in rank; longer in length of tenure or service
  4. used of the fourth and final year in United States high school or college
  5. advanced in years; (`aged’ is pronounced as two syllables)
69
Q

skeletal

A
  • *adj. 骨骼的，像骨骼的；骸骨的；骨瘦如柴的
  • ——————————————**
  1. of or relating to or forming or attached to a skeleton
  2. very thin especially from disease or hunger or cold
70
Q

stark

A
  • *adj. 完全的；荒凉的；刻板的；光秃秃的；朴实的
    adv. 完全；明显地；突出地；质朴地
    n. (Stark)人名；(俄、罗)斯塔尔克；(英、芬、法、瑞典)斯塔克；(德)施塔克
  • ——————————————**
  1. devoid of any qualifications or disguise or adornment
  2. severely simple
  3. complete or extreme
  4. without qualification; used informally as (often pejorative) intensifiers
  5. providing no shelter or sustenance
71
Q

strike

A
  • *vi. 打，打击；罢工；敲，敲击；抓；打动；穿透
    vt. 打，击；罢工；撞击，冲击；侵袭；打动；到达
    n. 罢工；打击；殴打
    n. (Strike)人名；(英)斯特赖克
  • ——————————————**
  1. a group’s refusal to work in protest against low pay or bad work conditions
  2. an attack that is intended to seize or inflict damage on or destroy an objective
  3. (baseball) a pitch that the batter swings at and misses, or that the batter hits into foul territory, or that the batter does not swing at but the umpire judges to be in the area over home plate and between the batter’s knees and shoulders
  4. a gentle blow
  5. a score in tenpins: knocking down all ten with the first ball
72
Q

sunset

A
  • *n. 日落，傍晚
  • ——————————————**
  1. the time in the evening at which the sun begins to fall below the horizon
  2. atmospheric phenomena accompanying the daily disappearance of the sun
  3. the daily event of the sun sinking below the horizon
  4. of a declining industry or technology
  5. providing for termination
73
Q

swell

A
  • *vi. 膨胀；肿胀；隆起
    vt. 使膨胀；使隆起
    n. 肿胀；隆起
    adj. 漂亮的；一流的
    n. (Swell)人名；(英)斯韦尔
  • ——————————————**
  1. the undulating movement of the surface of the open sea
  2. a rounded elevation (especially one on an ocean floor)
  3. a crescendo followed by a decrescendo
  4. a man who is much concerned with his dress and appearance
  5. increase in size, magnitude, number, or intensity
74
Q

tactic

A
  • *n. 策略，战略
    adj. 按顺序的，依次排列的
  • ——————————————**
  1. a plan for attaining a particular goal
75
Q

tragedy

A
  • *n. 悲剧；灾难；惨案
  • ——————————————**
  1. an event resulting in great loss and misfortune
  2. drama in which the protagonist is overcome by some superior force or circumstance; excites terror or pity
76
Q

undertake

A
  • *vt. 承担，保证；从事；同意；试图
  • ——————————————**
  1. enter upon an activity or enterprise
  2. accept as a challenge
  3. promise to do or accomplish
  4. enter into a contractual arrangement
  5. accept as a charge
77
Q

unique

A
  • *adj. 独特的，稀罕的；[数] 唯一的，独一无二的
    n. 独一无二的人或物
    n. (Unique)人名；(英)尤妮克
  • ——————————————**
  1. radically distinctive and without equal
  2. (followed by `to’) applying exclusively to a given category or condition or locality
  3. the single one of its kind
  4. highly unusual or rare but not the single instance
78
Q

vestige

A
  • *n. 遗迹；残余；退化的器官
  • ——————————————**
  1. an indication that something has been present
79
Q

wax

A
  • *n. 蜡；蜡状物
    vt. 给…上蜡
    vi. 月亮渐满；增大
    adj. 蜡制的；似蜡的
    n. (Wax)人名；(德、罗、匈、英)瓦克斯
  • ——————————————**
  1. any of various substances of either mineral origin or plant or animal origin; they are solid at normal temperatures and insoluble in water
  2. cover with wax
  3. go up or advance
  4. increase in phase

TOEFL-45 (45 decks)

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