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TOEFL-45 > List-21 > Flashcards

List-21 Flashcards

1
Q

alternative

A
  • *adj. 供选择的；选择性的；交替的
    n. 二中择一；供替代的选择
  • ——————————————**
  1. one of a number of things from which only one can be chosen
  2. allowing a choice
  3. necessitating a choice between mutually exclusive possibilities
  4. pertaining to unconventional choices
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2
Q

ambience

A
  • *n. 气氛，布景；周围环境
  • ——————————————**
  1. a particular environment or surrounding influence
  2. the atmosphere of an environment
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3
Q

ancestor

A
  • *n. 始祖，祖先；被继承人
  • ——————————————**
  1. someone from whom you are descended (but usually more remote than a grandparent)
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4
Q

anecdotal

A
  • *adj. 轶事的；轶事一样的；多轶事的
  • ——————————————**
  1. having the character of an anecdote
  2. characterized by or given to telling anecdotes
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5
Q

animation

A
  • *n. 活泼，生气；激励；卡通片绘制
  • ——————————————**
  1. the condition of living or the state of being alive
  2. the property of being able to survive and grow
  3. quality of being active or spirited or alive and vigorous
  4. the activity of giving vitality and vigour to something
  5. the making of animated cartoons
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6
Q

announcement

A
  • *n. 公告；宣告；发表；通告
  • ——————————————**
  1. a formal public statement
  2. a public statement about something that is happening or going to happen
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7
Q

apartment

A
  • *n. 公寓；房间
  • ——————————————**
  1. a suite of rooms usually on one floor of an apartment house
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8
Q

arthritis

A
  • *n. [外科] 关节炎
  • ——————————————**
  1. inflammation of a joint or joints
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9
Q

authentic

A
  • *adj. 真正的，真实的；可信的
  • ——————————————**
  1. conforming to fact and therefore worthy of belief
  2. not counterfeit or copied
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10
Q

banner

A
  • *n. 旗帜，横幅；标语
    n. (Banner)人名；(英、德、罗)班纳
  • ——————————————**
  1. long strip of cloth or paper used for decoration or advertising
  2. a newspaper headline that runs across the full page
  3. unusually good; outstanding
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11
Q

calcium

A
  • *n. [化学] 钙
  • ——————————————**
  1. a white metallic element that burns with a brilliant light; the fifth most abundant element in the earth’s crust; an important component of most plants and animals
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12
Q

chaste

A
  • *adj. 纯洁的；贞洁的；有道德的；朴素的
    n. (Chaste)人名；(法)沙斯特
  • ——————————————**
  1. morally pure (especially not having experienced sexual intercourse)
  2. pure and simple in design or style
  3. abstaining from unlawful sexual intercourse
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13
Q

classical

A
  • *adj. 古典的；经典的；传统的；第一流的
    n. 古典音乐
  • ——————————————**
  1. traditional genre of music conforming to an established form and appealing to critical interest and developed musical taste
  2. of or characteristic of a form or system felt to be of first significance before modern times
  3. of recognized authority or excellence
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14
Q

client

A
  • *n. [经] 客户；顾客；委托人
  • ——————————————**
  1. a person who seeks the advice of a lawyer
  2. someone who pays for goods or services
  3. (computer science) any computer that is hooked up to a computer network
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15
Q

closet

A
  • *n. 壁橱；议事室，密室；小房间
    adj. 秘密的，私下的；空谈的
    vt. 把…关在私室中
    n. (Closet)人名；(法)克洛塞
  • ——————————————**
  1. a small room (or recess) or cabinet used for storage space
  2. a toilet in England
  3. a tall piece of furniture that provides storage space for clothes; has a door and rails or hooks for hanging clothes
  4. a small private room for study or prayer
  5. confine to a small space, as for intensive work
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16
Q

commodity

A
  • *n. 商品，货物；日用品
  • ——————————————**
  1. articles of commerce
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17
Q

company

A
  • *n. 公司；陪伴，同伴；连队
    vi. 交往
    vt. 陪伴

n. (Company)人名；(西)孔帕尼；(英)康帕尼
- ——————————————**

  1. an institution created to conduct business
  2. organization of performers and associated personnel (especially theatrical)
  3. the state of being with someone
  4. small military unit; usually two or three platoons
  5. a band of people associated temporarily in some activity
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18
Q

concise

A
  • *adj. 简明的，简洁的
  • ——————————————**
  1. expressing much in few words
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19
Q

confederacy

A
  • *n. 联盟；联邦；私党
  • ——————————————**
  1. the southern states that seceded from the United States in 1861
  2. a union of political organizations
  3. a group of conspirators banded together to achieve some harmful or illegal purpose
  4. a secret agreement between two or more people to perform an unlawful act
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20
Q

contagious

A
  • *adj. 感染性的；会蔓延的
  • ——————————————**
  1. easily diffused or spread as from one person to another
  2. (of disease) capable of being transmitted by infection
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21
Q

convention

A
  • *n. 大会；[法] 惯例；[计] 约定；[法] 协定；习俗
  • ——————————————**
  1. a large formal assembly
  2. something regarded as a normative example
  3. (diplomacy) an international agreement
  4. orthodoxy as a consequence of being conventional
  5. the act of convening
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22
Q

deplete

A
  • *vt. 耗尽，用尽；使衰竭，使空虚
  • ——————————————**
  1. use up (resources or materials)
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23
Q

detail

A
  • *n. 细节，详情
    vt. 详述；选派
    vi. 画详图
  • ——————————————**
  1. an isolated fact that is considered separately from the whole
  2. a small part that can be considered separately from the whole
  3. extended treatment of particulars
  4. a crew of workers selected for a particular task
  5. a temporary military unit
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24
Q

distinction

A
  • *n. 区别；差别；特性；荣誉、勋章
  • ——————————————**
  1. a discrimination between things as different and distinct
  2. high status importance owing to marked superiority
  3. a distinguishing quality
  4. a distinguishing difference
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25
Q

drive

A
  • *vi. 开车；猛击；飞跑
    vt. 推动，发动（机器等）；驾驶（马车，汽车等）；驱赶
    n. 驱动器；驾车；[心理] 内驱力，推进力；快车道
  • ——————————————**
  1. the act of applying force to propel something
  2. a mechanism by which force or power is transmitted in a machine
  3. a series of actions advancing a principle or tending toward a particular end
  4. a road leading up to a private house
  5. the trait of being highly motivated
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26
Q

emblem

A
  • *n. 象征；徽章；符号
    vt. 象征；用符号表示；用纹章装饰
    n. (Emblem)人名；(英)恩布勒姆
  • ——————————————**
  1. special design or visual object representing a quality, type, group, etc.
  2. a visible symbol representing an abstract idea
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27
Q

existence

A
  • *n. 存在，实在；生存，生活；存在物，实在物
  • ——————————————**
  1. the state or fact of existing
  2. everything that exists anywhere
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28
Q

fix

A
  • *vt. 使固定；修理；安装；准备
    vi. 固定；注视
    n. 困境；方位；贿赂
    n. (Fix)人名；(英、法、德、瑞典)菲克斯
  • ——————————————**
  1. informal terms for a difficult situation
  2. something craved, especially an intravenous injection of a narcotic drug
  3. the act of putting something in working order again
  4. an exemption granted after influence (e.g., money) is brought to bear
  5. a determination of the place where something is
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29
Q

flag

A
  • *vi. 标记；衰退；枯萎
    vt. 标记；插旗
    n. 标志；旗子
  • ——————————————**
  1. emblem usually consisting of a rectangular piece of cloth of distinctive design
  2. plants with sword-shaped leaves and erect stalks bearing bright-colored flowers composed of three petals and three drooping sepals
  3. a rectangular piece of fabric used as a signalling device
  4. a listing printed in all issues of a newspaper or magazine (usually on the editorial page) that gives the name of the publication and the names of the editorial staff, etc.
  5. flagpole used to mark the position of the hole on a golf green
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30
Q

flexibility

A
  • *n. 灵活性；弹性；适应性
  • ——————————————**
  1. the property of being flexible; easily bent or shaped
  2. the quality of being adaptable or variable
  3. the trait of being easily persuaded
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31
Q

funding

A
  • *n. 提供资金；用发行长期债券的方法来收回短期债券
    v. 提供资金；积存（fund的ing形式）
  • ——————————————**
  1. financial resources provided to make some project possible
  2. the act of financing
32
Q

garb

A
  • *n. 服装；装束；打扮
    vt. 装扮；穿衣
  • ——————————————**
  1. clothing of a distinctive style or for a particular occasion
  2. provide with clothes or put clothes on
33
Q

gene

A
  • *n. [遗] 基因，遗传因子
  • ——————————————**
  1. (genetics) a segment of DNA that is involved in producing a polypeptide chain; it can include regions preceding and following the coding DNA as well as introns between the exons; it is considered a unit of heredity
34
Q

Gothic

A
  • *adj. 哥特式的；野蛮的
    n. 哥特式
  • ——————————————**
  1. extinct East Germanic language of the ancient Goths; the only surviving record being fragments of a 4th-century translation of the Bible by Bishop Ulfilas
  2. a heavy typeface in use from 15th to 18th centuries
  3. a style of architecture developed in northern France that spread throughout Europe between the 12th and 16th centuries; characterized by slender vertical piers and counterbalancing buttresses and by vaulting and pointed arches
  4. characteristic of the style of type commonly used for printing German
  5. of or relating to the language of the ancient Goths
35
Q

habitat

A
  • *n. [生态] 栖息地，产地
    n. (Habitat)人名；(德)哈比塔特
  • ——————————————**
  1. the type of environment in which an organism or group normally lives or occurs
36
Q

halt

A
  • *vi. 停止；立定；踌躇，犹豫
    n. 停止；立定；休息
    vt. 使停止；使立定
    n. (Halt)人名；(德、芬)哈尔特
  • ——————————————**
  1. the state of inactivity following an interruption
  2. the event of something ending
  3. an interruption or temporary suspension of progress or movement
  4. cause to stop
  5. come to a halt, stop moving
37
Q

humorous

A
  • *adj. 诙谐的，幽默的；滑稽的，可笑的
  • ——————————————**
  1. full of or characterized by humor
38
Q

incursion

A
  • *n. 入侵；侵犯
  • ——————————————**
  1. the act of entering some territory or domain (often in large numbers)
  2. an attack that penetrates into enemy territory
  3. the mistake of incurring liability or blame
39
Q

inform

A
  • *vt. 通知；告诉；报告
    vi. 告发；告密
  • ——————————————**
  1. impart knowledge of some fact, state or affairs, or event to
  2. give character or essence to
  3. act as an informer
40
Q

inn

A
  • *n. 客栈；旅馆
    vi. 住旅馆
    n. (Inn)人名；(柬)因
  • ——————————————**
  1. a hotel providing overnight lodging for travelers
41
Q

internship

A
  • *n. 实习生；（美）实习期；实习医师职位
  • ——————————————**
  1. the position of a medical intern
42
Q

journalism

A
  • *n. 新闻业，新闻工作；报章杂志
  • ——————————————**
  1. newspapers and magazines collectively
  2. the profession of reporting or photographing or editing news stories for one of the media
43
Q

lead

A
  • *n. 领导；铅；导线；榜样
    vt. 领导；致使；引导；指挥
    vi. 领导；导致；用水砣测深
    adj. 带头的；最重要的
    n. (Lead)人名；(英)利德
  • ——————————————**
  1. a soft heavy toxic malleable metallic element; bluish white when freshly cut but tarnishes readily to dull grey
  2. an advantage held by a competitor in a race
  3. evidence pointing to a possible solution
  4. a position of leadership (especially in the phrase `take the lead’)
  5. the angle between the direction a gun is aimed and the position of a moving target (correcting for the flight time of the missile)
44
Q

lager

A
  • *n. （美）贮藏啤酒（等于lager beer）
    n. (Lager)人名；(法、葡)拉热；(德、匈、瑞典)拉格尔
  • ——————————————**
  1. a camp defended by a circular formation of wagons
  2. a general term for beer made with bottom fermenting yeast (usually by decoction mashing); originally it was brewed in March or April and matured until September
45
Q

livestock

A
  • *n. 牲畜；家畜
  • ——————————————**
  1. not used technically; any animals kept for use or profit
46
Q

meaningful

A
  • *adj. 有意义的；意味深长的
  • ——————————————**
  1. having a meaning or purpose
47
Q

methane

A
  • *n. [有化] 甲烷；[能源] 沼气
  • ——————————————**
  1. a colorless odorless gas used as a fuel
48
Q

mine

A
  • *n. 矿，矿藏；矿山，矿井；地雷，水雷
    vt. 开采，采掘；在…布雷
    vi. 开矿，采矿；埋设地雷
    pron. 我的
    n. (Mine)人名；(德、塞、土、毛里塔)米内
  • ——————————————**
  1. excavation in the earth from which ores and minerals are extracted
  2. explosive device that explodes on contact; designed to destroy vehicles or ships or to kill or maim personnel
  3. get from the earth by excavation
  4. lay mines
49
Q

moth

A
  • *n. 蛾；蛀虫
  • ——————————————**
  1. typically crepuscular or nocturnal insect having a stout body and feathery or hairlike antennae
50
Q

ongoing

A
  • *adj. 不间断的，进行的；前进的
    n. 前进；行为，举止
  • ——————————————**
  1. currently happening
51
Q

onslaught

A
  • *n. 猛攻；突击
  • ——————————————**
  1. a sudden and severe onset of trouble
  2. (military) an offensive against an enemy (using weapons)
  3. the rapid and continuous delivery of linguistic communication (spoken or written)
52
Q

outlying

A
  • *adj. 边远的；无关的
    v. 放在…外面；在撒谎上胜过（outlie的ing形式）
  • ——————————————**
  1. relatively far from a center or middle
53
Q

patronizing

A
  • *adj. 要人领情的；自视高人一等的；屈尊俯就的；以恩人态度自居的
    v. 屈尊俯就（patronize的现在分词）
  • ——————————————**
  1. (used of behavior or attitude) characteristic of those who treat others with condescension
54
Q

perspective

A
  • *n. 观点；远景；透视图
    adj. 透视的
  • ——————————————**
  1. a way of regarding situations or topics etc.
  2. the appearance of things relative to one another as determined by their distance from the viewer
55
Q

pictorial

A
  • *adj. 绘画的；形象化的
    n. 画报；画刊
  • ——————————————**
  1. a periodical (magazine or newspaper) containing many pictures
  2. pertaining to or consisting of pictures
  3. evoking lifelike images within the mind
56
Q

platelike

A
  • *adj. 层状的；板状的
  • ——————————————**
  1. as the hard flattened scales of e.g. sharks
57
Q

poisonous

A
  • *adj. 有毒的；恶毒的；讨厌的
  • ——————————————**
  1. having the qualities or effects of a poison
  2. not safe to eat
  3. marked by deep ill will; deliberately harmful
58
Q

premature

A
  • *adj. 早产的；不成熟的；比预期早的
    n. 早产儿；过早发生的事物
  • ——————————————**
  1. born after a gestation period of less than the normal time
  2. too soon or too hasty
  3. uncommonly early or before the expected time
59
Q

proliferate

A
  • *vi. 增殖；扩散；激增
    vt. 使激增
  • ——————————————**
  1. grow rapidly
  2. cause to grow or increase rapidly
60
Q

refine

A
  • *vt. 精炼，提纯；改善；使…文雅
  • ——————————————**
  1. improve or perfect by pruning or polishing
  2. make more complex, intricate, or richer
  3. treat or prepare so as to put in a usable condition
  4. reduce to a fine, unmixed, or pure state; separate from extraneous matter or cleanse from impurities
  5. attenuate or reduce in vigor, strength, or validity by polishing or purifying
61
Q

remote

A
  • *adj. 遥远的；偏僻的；疏远的
    n. 远程
  • ——————————————**
  1. a device that can be used to control a machine or apparatus from a distance
  2. apart in space
  3. very unlikely
  4. separate or apart in time
  5. inaccessible and sparsely populated
62
Q

resin

A
  • *n. 树脂；松香
    vt. 涂树脂；用树脂处理
    n. (Resin)人名；(俄)列辛；(法)勒森
  • ——————————————**
  1. any of a class of solid or semisolid viscous substances obtained either as exudations from certain plants or prepared by polymerization of simple molecules
63
Q

revere

A
  • *vt. 敬畏；尊敬；崇敬
  • ——————————————**
  1. American silversmith remembered for his midnight ride (celebrated in a poem by Longfellow) to warn the colonists in Lexington and Concord that British troops were coming (1735-1818)
  2. a lapel on a woman’s garment; turned back to show the reverse side
  3. love unquestioningly and uncritically or to excess; venerate as an idol
  4. regard with feelings of respect and reverence; consider hallowed or exalted or be in awe of
64
Q

roll

A
  • *vt. 卷；滚动，转动；辗
    vi. 卷；滚动；转动；起伏，摇晃
    n. 卷，卷形物；名单；摇晃
    n. (Roll)人名；(英、法、德、俄、罗、葡、捷、挪、西、瑞典)罗尔
  • ——————————————**
  1. rotary motion of an object around its own axis
  2. a list of names
  3. a long heavy sea wave as it advances towards the shore
  4. photographic film rolled up inside a container to protect it from light
  5. a round shape formed by a series of concentric circles (as formed by leaves or flower petals)
65
Q

sole

A
  • *n. 鞋底；脚底；基础；鳎目鱼
    adj. 唯一的；单独的；仅有的
    vt. 触底；上鞋底
    n. (Sole)人名；(意、西、芬、塞、罗、南非)索莱
  • ——————————————**
  1. the underside of footwear or a golf club
  2. lean flesh of any of several flatfish
  3. the underside of the foot
  4. right-eyed flatfish; many are valued as food; most common in warm seas especially European
  5. put a new sole on
66
Q

sparse

A
  • *adj. 稀疏的；稀少的
  • ——————————————**
  1. not dense
67
Q

special

A
  • *n. 特使，特派人员；特刊；特色菜；专车；特价商品
    adj. 特别的；专门的，专用的
  • ——————————————**
  1. a special offering (usually temporary and at a reduced price) that is featured in advertising
  2. a dish or meal given prominence in e.g. a restaurant
  3. a television production that features a particular person or work or topic
  4. unique or specific to a person or thing or category
  5. for a special service or occasion
68
Q

spectacle

A
  • *n. 景象；场面；奇观；壮观；公开展示；表相，假相 n.（复）眼镜
  • ——————————————**
  1. something or someone seen (especially a notable or unusual sight)
  2. an elaborate and remarkable display on a lavish scale
  3. a blunder that makes you look ridiculous; used in the phrase `make a spectacle of’ yourself
69
Q

standard

A
  • *n. 标准；水准；旗；度量衡标准
    adj. 标准的；合规格的；公认为优秀的
    n. (Standard)人名；(英)斯坦达德；(德)施坦达德
  • ——————————————**
  1. a basis for comparison; a reference point against which other things can be evaluated
  2. the ideal in terms of which something can be judged
  3. a board measure = 1980 board feet
  4. the value behind the money in a monetary system
  5. an upright pole or beam (especially one used as a support)
70
Q

strap

A
  • *vt. 用带捆绑；用皮条抽打；约束
    n. 带；皮带；磨刀皮带；鞭打
    vi. 精力旺盛地工作；受束缚
  • ——————————————**
  1. an elongated leather strip (or a strip of similar material) for binding things together or holding something in position
  2. hanger consisting of a loop of leather suspended from the ceiling of a bus or train; passengers hold onto it
  3. a band that goes over the shoulder and supports a garment or bag
  4. whip consisting of a strip of leather used in flogging
  5. tie with a strap
71
Q

synchronize

A
  • *vt. 使……合拍；使……同步
    vi. 同步；同时发生
  • ——————————————**
  1. make synchronous and adjust in time or manner
  2. happen at the same time
  3. make (motion picture sound) exactly simultaneous with the action
  4. arrange or represent events so that they co-occur
  5. operate simultaneously
72
Q

tariff

A
  • *n. 关税表；收费表
    vt. 定税率；征收关税
  • ——————————————**
  1. a government tax on imports or exports
  2. charge a tariff
73
Q

thesis

A
  • *n. 论文；论点
  • ——————————————**
  1. an unproved statement put forward as a premise in an argument
  2. a treatise advancing a new point of view resulting from research; usually a requirement for an advanced academic degree
74
Q

tide

A
  • *n. 趋势，潮流；潮汐
    vt. 随潮漂流
  • ——————————————**
  1. the periodic rise and fall of the sea level under the gravitational pull of the moon
  2. something that may increase or decrease (like the tides of the sea)
  3. there are usually two high and two low tides each day
  4. rise or move forward
  5. cause to float with the tide
75
Q

tournament

A
  • *n. 锦标赛，联赛；比赛
  • ——————————————**
  1. a sporting competition in which contestants play a series of games to decide the winner
  2. a series of jousts between knights contesting for a prize
76
Q

turtle

A
  • *n. 龟，甲鱼；海龟
    n. (Turtle)人名；(英)特特尔
  • ——————————————**
  1. any of various aquatic and land reptiles having a bony shell and flipper-like limbs for swimming
  2. overturn accidentally
  3. hunt for turtles, especially as an occupation
77
Q

welfare

A
  • *n. 福利；幸福；福利事业；安宁
    adj. 福利的；接受社会救济的
  • ——————————————**
  1. governmental provision of economic assistance to persons in need
  2. something that aids or promotes well-being
  3. a contented state of being happy and healthy and prosperous

TOEFL-45 (45 decks)

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