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TOEFL-45 > List-14 > Flashcards

List-14 Flashcards

1
Q

absenteeism

A
  • *n. 旷工；旷课；有计划的怠工；经常无故缺席
  • ——————————————**
  1. habitual absence from work
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2
Q

acclaim

A
  • *vt. 称赞；为…喝采，向…欢呼
    n. 欢呼，喝彩；称赞
    vi. 欢呼，喝采
  • ——————————————**
  1. enthusiastic approval
  2. praise vociferously
  3. clap one’s hands or shout after performances to indicate approval
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3
Q

astronomy

A
  • *n. 天文学
  • ——————————————**
  1. the branch of physics that studies celestial bodies and the universe as a whole
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4
Q

boundary

A
  • *n. 边界；范围；分界线
  • ——————————————**
  1. the line or plane indicating the limit or extent of something
  2. a line determining the limits of an area
  3. the greatest possible degree of something
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5
Q

brass

A
  • *n. 黄铜；黄铜制品；铜管乐器；厚脸皮
    n. (Brass)人名；(英、法、德)布拉斯
  • ——————————————**
  1. an alloy of copper and zinc
  2. a wind instrument that consists of a brass tube (usually of variable length) that is blown by means of a cup-shaped or funnel-shaped mouthpiece
  3. the persons (or committees or departments etc.) who make up a body for the purpose of administering something
  4. impudent aggressiveness
  5. an ornament or utensil made of brass
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6
Q

candidate

A
  • *n. 候选人，候补者；应试者
  • ——————————————**
  1. a politician who is running for public office
  2. someone who is considered for something (for an office or prize or honor etc.)
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7
Q

coincide

A
  • *vi. 一致，符合；同时发生
  • ——————————————**
  1. go with, fall together
  2. happen simultaneously
  3. be the same
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8
Q

colony

A
  • *n. 殖民地；移民队
  • ——————————————**
  1. a body of people who settle far from home but maintain ties with their homeland; inhabitants remain nationals of their home state but are not literally under the home state’s system of government
  2. a group of animals of the same type living together
  3. one of the 13 British colonies that formed the original states of the United States
  4. a geographical area politically controlled by a distant country
  5. (microbiology) a group of organisms grown from a single parent cell
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9
Q

comic

A
  • *adj. 喜剧的；滑稽的；有趣的
    n. 连环漫画；喜剧演员；滑稽人物
  • ——————————————**
  1. a professional performer who tells jokes and performs comical acts
  2. arousing or provoking laughter
  3. of or relating to or characteristic of comedy
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10
Q

comprehensive

A
  • *adj. 综合的；广泛的；有理解力的
    n. 综合学校；专业综合测验
  • ——————————————**
  1. an intensive examination testing a student’s proficiency in some special field of knowledge
  2. including all or everything
  3. broad in scope
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11
Q

concave

A
  • *adj. 凹的，凹面的
    n. 凹面
    vt. 使成凹形
  • ——————————————**
  1. curving inward
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12
Q

cooperation

A
  • *n. 合作，协作；[劳经] 协力
  • ——————————————**
  1. joint operation or action
  2. the practice of cooperating
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13
Q

curious

A
  • *adj. 好奇的，有求知欲的；古怪的；爱挑剔的
  • ——————————————**
  1. beyond or deviating from the usual or expected
  2. eager to investigate and learn or learn more (sometimes about others’ concerns)
  3. having curiosity aroused; eagerly interested in learning more
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14
Q

decode

A
  • *vt. [计][通信] 译码，解码
    vi. 从事破译工作
  • ——————————————**
  1. convert code into ordinary language
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15
Q

demanding

A
  • *adj. 苛求的；要求高的；吃力的
    v. 要求；查问（demand的ing形式）
  • ——————————————**
  1. requiring more than usually expected or thought due; especially great patience and effort and skill
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16
Q

designate

A
  • *vt. 指定；指派；标出；把…定名为
    adj. 指定的；选定的
  • ——————————————**
  1. assign a name or title to
  2. give an assignment to (a person) to a post, or assign a task to (a person)
  3. decree or designate beforehand
  4. design or destine
  5. appointed but not yet installed in office
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17
Q

diversity

A
  • *n. 多样性；差异
  • ——————————————**
  1. noticeable heterogeneity
  2. the condition or result of being changed
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18
Q

dogged

A
  • *adj. 顽强的；顽固的
    vt. 跟踪；尾随（dog的过去式）
  • ——————————————**
  1. stubbornly unyielding
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19
Q

donation

A
  • *n. 捐款，捐赠物；捐赠
  • ——————————————**
  1. a voluntary gift (as of money or service or ideas) made to some worthwhile cause
  2. act of giving in common with others for a common purpose especially to a charity
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20
Q

dormitory

A
  • *n. 宿舍，学生宿舍
    adj. 住宅区的
  • ——————————————**
  1. a college or university building containing living quarters for students
  2. a large sleeping room containing several beds
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21
Q

drain

A
  • *vi. 排水；流干
    vt. 喝光，耗尽；使流出；排掉水
    n. 排水；下水道，排水管；消耗
    n. (Drain)人名；(英)德雷恩；(法)德兰
  • ——————————————**
  1. emptying something accomplished by allowing liquid to run out of it
  2. tube inserted into a body cavity (as during surgery) to remove unwanted material
  3. a pipe through which liquid is carried away
  4. a gradual depletion of energy or resources
  5. flow off gradually
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22
Q

drowsy

A
  • *adj. 昏昏欲睡的；沉寂的；催眠的
  • ——————————————**
  1. half asleep
  2. showing lack of attention or boredom
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23
Q

edge

A
  • *n. 边缘；优势；刀刃；锋利
    vt. 使锐利；将…开刃；给…加上边
    vi. 缓缓移动；侧着移动
    n. (Edge)人名；(英)埃奇
  • ——————————————**
  1. the boundary of a surface
  2. a sharp side formed by the intersection of two surfaces of an object
  3. a line determining the limits of an area
  4. the attribute of urgency
  5. a slight competitive advantage
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24
Q

efficiency

A
  • *n. 效率；效能；功效
  • ——————————————**
  1. the ratio of the output to the input of any system
  2. skillfulness in avoiding wasted time and effort
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25
Q

elevation

A
  • *n. 高地；海拔；提高；崇高；正面图
  • ——————————————**
  1. the event of something being raised upward
  2. the highest level or degree attainable; the highest stage of development
  3. angular distance above the horizon (especially of a celestial object)
  4. a raised or elevated geological formation
  5. distance of something above a reference point (such as sea level)
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26
Q

elongate

A
  • *vt. 拉长；使延长；使伸长
    vi. 拉长；延长；伸长
    adj. 伸长的；延长的
  • ——————————————**
  1. make long or longer by pulling and stretching
  2. of a leaf shape; long and narrow
  3. having notably more length than width; being long and slender
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27
Q

employ

A
  • *vt. 使用，采用；雇用；使忙于，使从事于
    n. 使用；雇用
  • ——————————————**
  1. the state of being employed or having a job
  2. put into service; make work or employ (something) for a particular purpose or for its inherent or natural purpose
  3. engage or hire for work
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28
Q

erupt

A
  • *vi. 爆发；喷出；发疹；长牙
    vt. 爆发；喷出
  • ——————————————**
  1. start abruptly
  2. erupt or intensify suddenly
  3. start to burn or burst into flames
  4. break out
  5. become active and spew forth lava and rocks
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29
Q

extinct

A
  • *adj. 灭绝的，绝种的；熄灭的
    vt. 使熄灭
  • ——————————————**
  1. no longer in existence; lost or especially having died out leaving no living representatives
  2. (of e.g. volcanos) permanently inactive
  3. being out or having grown cold
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30
Q

fraction

A
  • *n. 分数；部分；小部分；稍微
  • ——————————————**
  1. a component of a mixture that has been separated by a fractional process
  2. a small part or item forming a piece of a whole
  3. the quotient of two rational numbers
  4. perform a division
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31
Q

galaxy

A
  • *n. 银河；[天] 星系；银河系；一群显赫的人
  • ——————————————**
  1. a splendid assemblage (especially of famous people)
  2. tufted evergreen perennial herb having spikes of tiny white flowers and glossy green round to heart-shaped leaves that become coppery to maroon or purplish in fall
  3. (astronomy) a collection of star systems; any of the billions of systems each having many stars and nebulae and dust
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32
Q

grace

A
  • *n. 优雅；恩惠；魅力；慈悲
    vt. 使优美
    n. (Grace)人名；(英)格雷斯，格雷丝 (女名)；(法)格拉斯
  • ——————————————**
  1. (Christian theology) a state of sanctification by God; the state of one who under such divine influence
  2. elegance and beauty of movement or expression
  3. a sense of propriety and consideration for others
  4. a disposition to kindness and compassion
  5. (Greek mythology) one of three sisters who were the givers of beauty and charm; a favorite subject for sculptors
33
Q

hitherto

A
  • *adv. 迄今；至今
  • ——————————————**
  1. used in negative statement to describe a situation that has existed up to this point or up to the present time
34
Q

idle

A
  • *adj. 闲置的；懒惰的；停顿的
    vi. 无所事事；虚度；空转
    vt. 虚度；使空转
  • ——————————————**
  1. the state of an engine or other mechanism that is idling
  2. run disconnected or idle
  3. be idle; exist in a changeless situation
  4. not in action or at work
  5. without a basis in reason or fact
35
Q

inanity

A
  • *n. 空虚；愚蠢；浅薄
  • ——————————————**
  1. total lack of meaning or ideas
36
Q

ingredient

A
  • *n. 原料；要素；组成部分
    adj. 构成组成部分的
  • ——————————————**
  1. a component of a mixture or compound
  2. an abstract part of something
  3. food that is a component of a mixture in cooking
37
Q

insulin

A
  • *n. [生化][药] 胰岛素
  • ——————————————**
  1. hormone secreted by the isles of Langerhans in the pancreas; regulates storage of glycogen in the liver and accelerates oxidation of sugar in cells
38
Q

interfere

A
  • *vi. 干涉；妨碍；打扰
    vt. 冲突；介入
  • ——————————————**
  1. come between so as to be hindrance or obstacle
  2. get involved, so as to alter or hinder an action, or through force or threat of force
39
Q

invitation

A
  • *n. 邀请；引诱
  • ——————————————**
  1. a request (spoken or written) to participate or be present or take part in something
  2. a tempting allurement
40
Q

inviting

A
  • *adj. 诱人的；有魅力的
    v. 邀请（invite的ing形式）
  • ——————————————**
  1. attractive and tempting
41
Q

involve

A
  • *vt. 包含；牵涉；使陷于；潜心于
  • ——————————————**
  1. connect closely and often incriminatingly
  2. engage as a participant
  3. have as a necessary feature or consequence; entail
  4. require as useful, just, or proper
  5. contain as a part
42
Q

item

A
  • *n. 条款，项目；一则；一件商品（或物品）
    adj. 又，同上
  • ——————————————**
  1. a distinct part that can be specified separately in a group of things that could be enumerated on a list
  2. a whole individual unit; especially when included in a list or collection
  3. a small part that can be considered separately from the whole
  4. an isolated fact that is considered separately from the whole
  5. an individual instance of a type of symbol
43
Q

keyboard

A
  • *n. 键盘
    vt. 键入；用键盘式排字机排字
    vi. 用键盘进行操作；作键盘式排字机排字
  • ——————————————**
  1. device consisting of a set of keys on a piano or organ or typewriter or typesetting machine or computer or the like
  2. holder consisting of an arrangement of hooks on which keys or locks can be hung
44
Q

lettuce

A
  • *n. [园艺] 生菜；莴苣；（美）纸币
  • ——————————————**
  1. informal terms for money
  2. any of various plants of the genus Lactuca
  3. leaves of any of various plants of Lactuca sativa
45
Q

magnetic

A
  • *adj. 地磁的；有磁性的；有吸引力的
  • ——————————————**
  1. of or relating to or caused by magnetism
  2. having the properties of a magnet; i.e. of attracting iron or steel
  3. capable of being magnetized
  4. determined by earth’s magnetic fields
  5. having the properties of a magnet; the ability to draw or pull
46
Q

mason

A
  • *n. 泥瓦匠；共济会会员（等于freemason）
    vt. 用砖瓦砌成
  • ——————————————**
  1. American Revolutionary leader from Virginia whose objections led to the drafting of the Bill of Rights (1725-1792)
  2. English film actor (1909-1984)
  3. English writer (1865-1948)
  4. a craftsman who works with stone or brick
  5. a member of a widespread secret fraternal order pledged to mutual assistance and brotherly love
47
Q

meantime

A
  • *n. 其时，其间
    adv. 同时；其间
  • ——————————————**
  1. the time between one event, process, or period and another
  2. during the intervening time
48
Q

merchant

A
  • *n. 商人，批发商；店主
    adj. 商业的，商人的
    n. (Merchant)人名；(英)麦钱特
  • ——————————————**
  1. a businessperson engaged in retail trade
49
Q

metallic

A
  • *adj. 金属的，含金属的
  • ——————————————**
  1. a fabric made of a yarn that is partly or entirely of metal
  2. a yarn made partly or entirely of metal
  3. containing or made of or resembling or characteristic of a metal
50
Q

military

A
  • *adj. 军事的；军人的；适于战争的
    n. 军队；军人
  • ——————————————**
  1. the military forces of a nation
  2. of or relating to the study of the principles of warfare
  3. characteristic of or associated with soldiers or the military
  4. associated with or performed by armed services as contrasted with civilians
51
Q

mode

A
  • *n. 模式；方式；风格；时尚
    n. (Mode)人名；(德、英、法、乍、瑞典)莫德
  • ——————————————**
  1. how something is done or how it happens
  2. a particular functioning condition or arrangement
  3. a classification of propositions on the basis of whether they claim necessity or possibility or impossibility
  4. verb inflections that express how the action or state is conceived by the speaker
  5. any of various fixed orders of the various diatonic notes within an octave
52
Q

monastery

A
  • *n. 修道院；僧侣
  • ——————————————**
  1. the residence of a religious community
53
Q

narrative

A
  • *n. 叙述；故事；讲述
    adj. 叙事的，叙述的；叙事体的
  • ——————————————**
  1. a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program
  2. consisting of or characterized by the telling of a story
54
Q

nourish

A
  • *vt. 滋养；怀有；使健壮
  • ——————————————**
  1. provide with nourishment
  2. give nourishment to
55
Q

optimistic

A
  • *adj. 乐观的；乐观主义的
  • ——————————————**
  1. expecting the best in this best of all possible worlds
  2. expecting the best
56
Q

ornithology

A
  • *n. 鸟类学；鸟学论文
  • ——————————————**
  1. the branch of zoology that studies birds
57
Q

overnight

A
  • *adv. 通宵；突然；昨晚
    adj. 晚上的；通宵的；前夜的
    n. 头天晚上；一夜的逗留
    vt. 连夜快递
    vi. 过一夜
  • ——————————————**
  1. lasting, open, or operating through the whole night
  2. happening in a short time or with great speed
58
Q

pale

A
  • *adj. 苍白的；无力的；暗淡的
    n. 前哨；栅栏；范围
    vt. 使失色；使变苍白；用栅栏围
    vi. 失色；变苍白；变得暗淡
    n. (Pale)人名；(塞)帕莱
  • ——————————————**
  1. a wooden strip forming part of a fence
  2. turn pale, as if in fear
  3. very light colored; highly diluted with white
  4. (of light) lacking in intensity or brightness; dim or feeble
  5. lacking in vitality or interest or effectiveness
59
Q

penetrate

A
  • *vt. 渗透；穿透；洞察
    vi. 渗透；刺入；看透
  • ——————————————**
  1. pass into or through, often by overcoming resistance
  2. come to understand
  3. become clear or enter one’s consciousness or emotions
  4. enter a group or organization in order to spy on the members
  5. make one’s way deeper into or through
60
Q

prominent

A
  • *adj. 突出的，显著的；杰出的；卓越的
  • ——————————————**
  1. having a quality that thrusts itself into attention
  2. conspicuous in position or importance
61
Q

proposal

A
  • *n. 提议，建议；求婚
  • ——————————————**
  1. something proposed (such as a plan or assumption)
  2. an offer of marriage
  3. the act of making a proposal
62
Q

qualify

A
  • *vt. 限制；使具有资格；证明…合格
    vi. 取得资格，有资格
  • ——————————————**
  1. prove capable or fit; meet requirements
  2. pronounce fit or able
  3. make more specific
  4. make fit or prepared
  5. specify as a condition or requirement in a contract or agreement; make an express demand or provision in an agreement
63
Q

realm

A
  • *n. 领域，范围；王国
  • ——————————————**
  1. a domain in which something is dominant
  2. a knowledge domain that you are interested in or are communicating about
  3. the domain ruled by a king or queen
64
Q

rug

A
  • *n. 小地毯；毛皮地毯；男子假发
    n. (Rug)人名；(塞)鲁格
  • ——————————————**
  1. floor covering consisting of a piece of thick heavy fabric (usually with nap or pile)
65
Q

sac

A
  • *n. [生物] 囊；液囊
    n. (Sac)人名；(西)萨克
  • ——————————————**
  1. an enclosed space
  2. a case or sheath especially a pollen sac or moss capsule
  3. a member of the Algonquian people formerly living in Wisconsin in the Fox River valley and on the shores of Green Bay
  4. a structure resembling a bag in an animal
66
Q

satiric

A
  • *adj. 讽刺的；挖苦的
  • ——————————————**
  1. exposing human folly to ridicule
67
Q

separate

A
  • *vt. 使分离；使分开；使分居
    vi. 分开；隔开；分居
    adj. 单独的；分开的；不同的；各自的；
    n. .分开；抽印本
  • ——————————————**
  1. a separately printed article that originally appeared in a larger publication
  2. a garment that can be purchased separately and worn in combinations with other garments
  3. act as a barrier between; stand between
  4. force, take, or pull apart
  5. mark as different
68
Q

shed

A
  • *vt. 流出；摆脱；散发；倾吐
    vi. 流出；脱落；散布
    n. 小屋，棚；分水岭
  • ——————————————**
  1. an outbuilding with a single story; used for shelter or storage
  2. get rid of
  3. pour out in drops or small quantities or as if in drops or small quantities
  4. cause or allow (a solid substance) to flow or run out or over
  5. cast off hair, skin, horn, or feathers
69
Q

smother

A
  • *vt. 使窒息；抑制；（用灰等）闷熄；忍住
    vi. 窒息；被抑制；闷死
    n. 窒息状态；令人窒息的浓烟
  • ——————————————**
  1. a confused multitude of things
  2. a stifling cloud of smoke
  3. envelop completely
  4. deprive of oxygen and prevent from breathing
  5. conceal or hide
70
Q

so-called

A
  • *adj. 所谓的；号称的
  • ——————————————**
  1. doubtful or suspect
71
Q

sore

A
  • *adj. 疼痛的，痛心的；剧烈的，极度的；恼火的，发怒的；厉害的，迫切的
    n. 溃疡，痛处；恨事，伤心事
    n. (Sore)人名；(法)索尔；(意)索雷
  • ——————————————**
  1. an open skin infection
  2. hurting
  3. causing misery or pain or distress
  4. roused to anger
72
Q

suspend

A
  • *vt. 延缓，推迟；使暂停；使悬浮
    vi. 悬浮；禁赛
  • ——————————————**
  1. hang freely
  2. cause to be held in suspension in a fluid
  3. bar temporarily; from school, office, etc.
  4. stop a process or a habit by imposing a freeze on it
  5. make inoperative or stop
73
Q

swarm

A
  • *vi. 挤满；成群浮游；云集
    n. 蜂群；一大群
    vt. 挤满；爬
  • ——————————————**
  1. a moving crowd
  2. a group of many insects
  3. be teeming, be abuzz
  4. move in large numbers
74
Q

sweat

A
  • *vt. 使出汗；流出；使干苦活；剥削；藉出汗减轻；焦急地期待
    n. 汗；水珠；焦急；苦差使
    vi. 出汗；辛苦工作；懊恼；结水珠
  • ——————————————**
  1. salty fluid secreted by sweat glands
  2. agitation resulting from active worry
  3. condensation of moisture on a cold surface
  4. use of physical or mental energy; hard work
  5. excrete perspiration through the pores in the skin
75
Q

through

A
  • *prep. 通过；穿过；凭借
    adv. 彻底；从头至尾
    adj. 直达的；过境的；完结的
  • ——————————————**
  1. having finished or arrived at completion
  2. (of a route or journey etc.) continuing without requiring stops or changes
  3. from beginning to end
  4. over the whole distance
  5. to completion
76
Q

translucent

A
  • *adj. 透明的；半透明的
  • ——————————————**
  1. almost transparent; allowing light to pass through diffusely
77
Q

untamed

A
  • *adj. 不能抑制的；难控驭的；未驯服的
  • ——————————————**
  1. in a natural state; not tamed or domesticated or cultivated
78
Q

X-ray

A
  • *vt. 用X光线检查
    vi. 使用X光
    n. 射线；射线照片
    adj. X光的；与X射线有关的
  • ——————————————**
  1. electromagnetic radiation of short wavelength produced when high-speed electrons strike a solid target
  2. a radiogram made by exposing photographic film to X rays; used in medical diagnosis
  3. examine by taking x-rays
  4. take an x-ray of something or somebody

TOEFL-45 (45 decks)

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