List-42 Flashcards
1
Q
alter
A
- *vt. 改变，更改
vi. 改变；修改
n. (Alter)人名；(英)奥尔特；(德、捷、葡、爱沙、立陶、拉脱、俄、西、罗、瑞典)阿尔特 - ——————————————**
- cause to change; make different; cause a transformation
- make or become different in some particular way, without permanently losing one’s or its former characteristics or essence
- make an alteration to
- insert words into texts, often falsifying it thereby
- remove the ovaries of
2
Q
amass
A
- *vt. 积聚，积累
- ——————————————**
- collect or gather
- get or gather together
3
Q
anthropologist
A
- *n. 人类学家；人类学者
- ——————————————**
- a social scientist who specializes in anthropology
4
Q
artesian
A
- *adj. [水文] 自流的
- ——————————————**
- (of water) rising to the surface under internal hydrostatic pressure
5
Q
attempt
A
- *n. 企图，试图；攻击
vt. 企图，试图；尝试 - ——————————————**
- earnest and conscientious activity intended to do or accomplish something
- the act of attacking
- make an effort or attempt
- enter upon an activity or enterprise
6
Q
barely
A
- *adv. 仅仅，勉强；几乎不；公开地；贫乏地
- ——————————————**
- by a small margin
- in a sparse or scanty way
7
Q
boom
A
- *vt. 使兴旺；发隆隆声
vi. 急速发展；发隆隆声
n. 繁荣；吊杆；隆隆声
n. (Boom)人名；(法、德)博姆 - ——————————————**
- a deep prolonged loud noise
- a state of economic prosperity
- a sudden happening that brings good fortune (as a sudden opportunity to make money)
- a pole carrying an overhead microphone projected over a film or tv set
- any of various more-or-less horizontal spars or poles used to extend the foot of a sail or for handling cargo or in mooring
8
Q
bureau
A
- *n. 局，处；衣柜；办公桌
n. (Bureau)人名；(法)比罗 - ——————————————**
- an administrative unit of government
- furniture with drawers for keeping clothes
9
Q
calculus
A
- *n. [病理] 结石；微积分学
- ——————————————**
- a hard lump produced by the concretion of mineral salts; found in hollow organs or ducts of the body
- an incrustation that forms on the teeth and gums
- the branch of mathematics that is concerned with limits and with the differentiation and integration of functions
10
Q
cognition
A
- *n. 认识；知识；认识能力
- ——————————————**
- the psychological result of perception and learning and reasoning
11
Q
combine
A
- *vt. 使化合；使联合，使结合
vi. 联合，结合；化合
n. 联合收割机；联合企业 - ——————————————**
- harvester that heads and threshes and cleans grain while moving across the field
- a consortium of independent organizations formed to limit competition by controlling the production and distribution of a product or service
- an occurrence that results in things being united
- put or add together
- have or possess in combination
12
Q
concentric
A
- *adj. 同轴的；同中心的
- ——————————————**
- having a common center
13
Q
copier
A
- *n. 复印机（等于copying machine）；抄写员；模仿者
- ——————————————**
- apparatus that makes copies of typed, written or drawn material
14
Q
cowhand
A
- *n. （美）牧牛工
- ——————————————**
- a hired hand who tends cattle and performs other duties on horseback
15
Q
crush
A
- *vt. 压碎；弄皱，变形；使…挤入
vi. 挤；被压碎
n. 粉碎；迷恋；压榨；拥挤的人群 - ——————————————**
- leather that has had its grain pattern accentuated
- a dense crowd of people
- temporary love of an adolescent
- the act of crushing
- come down on or keep down by unjust use of one’s authority
16
Q
dated
A
- *adj. 陈旧的；过时的；有日期的
v. 注有日期（date的过去式和过去分词） - ——————————————**
- marked by features of the immediate and usually discounted past
- bearing a date
17
Q
debatable
A
- *adj. 成问题的；可争论的；未决定的
- ——————————————**
- open to doubt or debate
- open to argument or debate
- capable of being disproved
18
Q
decimal
A
- *adj. 小数的；十进位的
n. 小数 - ——————————————**
- a proper fraction whose denominator is a power of 10
- a number in the decimal system
- numbered or proceeding by tens; based on ten
- divided by tens or hundreds
19
Q
delta
A
- *n. （河流的）三角洲；德耳塔（希腊字母的第四个字）
n. (Delta)人名；(英、罗、葡)德尔塔 - ——————————————**
- a low triangular area where a river divides before entering a larger body of water
- the 4th letter of the Greek alphabet
20
Q
demolish
A
- *vt. 拆除；破坏；毁坏；推翻；驳倒
- ——————————————**
- destroy completely
- humiliate or depress completely
- defeat soundly
21
Q
depression
A
- *n. 沮丧；洼地；不景气；忧愁
- ——————————————**
- a mental state characterized by a pessimistic sense of inadequacy and a despondent lack of activity
- a long-term economic state characterized by unemployment and low prices and low levels of trade and investment
- a sunken or depressed geological formation
- sad feelings of gloom and inadequacy
- a period during the 1930s when there was a worldwide economic depression and mass unemployment
22
Q
diet
A
- *n. 饮食；食物；规定饮食
vi. 节食
vt. [医] 照规定饮食
n. (Diet)人名；(法)迪耶 - ——————————————**
- a prescribed selection of foods
- a legislative assembly in certain countries (e.g., Japan)
- the usual food and drink consumed by an organism (person or animal)
- the act of restricting your food intake (or your intake of particular foods)
- follow a regimen or a diet, as for health reasons
23
Q
digestive
A
- *adj. 消化的；助消化的
n. 助消化药 - ——————————————**
- any substance that promotes digestion
- relating to or having the power to cause or promote digestion
24
Q
disgust
A
- *n. 厌恶，嫌恶
vt. 使厌恶；使作呕 - ——————————————**
- strong feelings of dislike
- fill with distaste
- cause aversion in; offend the moral sense of
25
Q
displacement
A
- *n. 取代，位移；[船] 排水量
- ——————————————**
- an event in which something is displaced without rotation
- act of taking the place of another especially using underhanded tactics
- the act of uniform movement
- (chemistry) a reaction in which an elementary substance displaces and sets free a constituent element from a compound
- (psychiatry) a defense mechanism that transfers affect or reaction from the original object to some more acceptable one
26
Q
educated
A
- *adj. 受过教育的；有教养的
v. 训练；教导；培育（educate的过去分词形式） - ——————————————**
- possessing an education (especially having more than average knowledge)
- having or based on relevant experience
27
Q
emission
A
- *n. （光、热等的）发射，散发；喷射；发行
n. (Emission)人名；(英)埃米申 - ——————————————**
- the act of emitting; causing to flow forth
- a substance that is emitted or released
- the release of electrons from parent atoms
- any of several bodily processes by which substances go out of the body
- the occurrence of a flow of water (as from a pipe)
28
Q
enzyme
A
- *n. [生化] 酶
- ——————————————**
- any of several complex proteins that are produced by cells and act as catalysts in specific biochemical reactions
29
Q
erode
A
- *vt. 腐蚀，侵蚀
vi. 侵蚀；受腐蚀 - ——————————————**
- become ground down or deteriorate
- remove soil or rock
30
Q
exotic
A
- *adj. 异国的；外来的；异国情调的
- ——————————————**
- being or from or characteristic of another place or part of the world
- strikingly strange or unusual
31
Q
extinction
A
- *n. 消失；消灭；废止
- ——————————————**
- no longer in existence
- no longer active; extinguished
- the reduction of the intensity of radiation as a consequence of absorption and radiation
- complete annihilation
- a conditioning process in which the reinforcer is removed and a conditioned response becomes independent of the conditioned stimulus
32
Q
fabric
A
- *n. 织物；布；组织；构造；建筑物
- ——————————————**
- artifact made by weaving or felting or knitting or crocheting natural or synthetic fibers
- the underlying structure
33
Q
fashion
A
- *n. 时尚；时装；样式；时髦人物
vt. 使用；改变；做成…的形状 - ——————————————**
- how something is done or how it happens
- characteristic or habitual practice
- the latest and most admired style in clothes and cosmetics and behavior
- consumer goods (especially clothing) in the current mode
- make out of components (often in an improvising manner)
34
Q
feasible
A
- *adj. 可行的；可能的；可实行的
- ——————————————**
- capable of being done with means at hand and circumstances as they are
35
Q
fervor
A
- *n. 热情；热烈；热心；炽热
- ——————————————**
- feelings of great warmth and intensity
- the state of being emotionally aroused and worked up
36
Q
figure
A
- *n. 数字；人物；图形；价格；（人的）体形；画像
vi. 计算；出现；扮演角色
vt. 计算；认为；描绘；象征 - ——————————————**
- a diagram or picture illustrating textual material
- alternative names for the body of a human being
- one of the elements that collectively form a system of numeration
- a model of a bodily form (especially of a person)
- a well-known or notable person
37
Q
function
A
- *n. 功能；[数] 函数；职责；盛大的集会
vi. 运行；活动；行使职责 - ——————————————**
- a mathematical relation such that each element of one set is associated with at least one element of another set
- what something is used for
- the actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group
- a relation such that one thing is dependent on another
- a formal or official social gathering or ceremony
38
Q
fungus
A
- *n. 真菌，霉菌；菌类
- ——————————————**
- a parasitic plant lacking chlorophyll and leaves and true stems and roots and reproducing by spores
39
Q
gemstone
A
- *n. （经雕琢的）宝石
- ——————————————**
- a crystalline rock that can be cut and polished for jewelry
40
Q
genuine
A
- *adj. 真实的，真正的；诚恳的
- ——————————————**
- not fake or counterfeit
- not pretended; sincerely felt or expressed
- being or reflecting the essential or genuine character of something
41
Q
granular
A
- *adj. 颗粒的；粒状的
- ——————————————**
- composed of or covered with particles resembling meal in texture or consistency
- having a granular structure like that of chondrites
42
Q
grimly
A
- *adv. 可怕地；冷酷地；严格地
- ——————————————**
- in a grim implacable manner
43
Q
hammer
A
- *vi. 锤击；敲打；重复
n. 铁锤；链球；[解剖] 锤骨；音锤
vt. 锤击；锤打
n. (Hammer)人名；(法)阿梅；(德、英、芬、捷、瑞典、荷、丹、挪)哈默 - ——————————————**
- the part of a gunlock that strikes the percussion cap when the trigger is pulled
- a hand tool with a heavy rigid head and a handle; used to deliver an impulsive force by striking
- the ossicle attached to the eardrum
- a heavy metal sphere attached to a flexible wire; used in the hammer throw
- a striker that is covered in felt and that causes the piano strings to vibrate
44
Q
heritage
A
- *n. 遗产；传统；继承物；继承权
n. (Heritage)人名；(英)赫里蒂奇 - ——————————————**
- practices that are handed down from the past by tradition
- any attribute or immaterial possession that is inherited from ancestors
- that which is inherited; a title or property or estate that passes by law to the heir on the death of the owner
- hereditary succession to a title or an office or property
45
Q
impermeable
A
- *adj. 不渗透性的；（对水等）不能渗透的
- ——————————————**
- preventing especially liquids to pass or diffuse through
46
Q
impersonal
A
- *adj. 客观的；非个人的；没有人情味的；非人称的
n. 非人称动词；不具人格的事物 - ——————————————**
- not relating to or responsive to individual persons
- having no personal preference
47
Q
inflate
A
- *vt. 使充气；使通货膨胀
vi. 膨胀；充气 - ——————————————**
- fill with gas or air
- exaggerate or make bigger
- cause prices to rise by increasing the available currency or credit
- increase the amount or availability of, creating a rise in value
- become inflated
48
Q
influential
A
- *adj. 有影响的；有势力的
n. 有影响力的人物 - ——————————————**
- having or exercising influence or power
49
Q
informative
A
- *adj. 教育性的，有益的；情报的；见闻广博的
- ——————————————**
- tending to increase knowledge or dissipate ignorance
- serving to instruct of enlighten or inform
- providing or conveying information
50
Q
joint
A
- *n. 关节；接缝；接合处，接合点；（牛，羊等的腿）大块肉
adj. 共同的；连接的；联合的，合办的
vt. 连接，贴合；接合；使有接头
vi. 贴合；生节
n. (Joint)人名；(法)茹安 - ——————————————**
- (anatomy) the point of connection between two bones or elements of a skeleton (especially if it allows motion)
- a disreputable place of entertainment
- the shape or manner in which things come together and a connection is made
- a piece of meat roasted or for roasting and of a size for slicing into more than one portion
- junction by which parts or objects are joined together
51
Q
journalist
A
- *n. 新闻工作者；报人；记日志者
- ——————————————**
- a writer for newspapers and magazines
- someone who keeps a diary or journal
52
Q
leak
A
- *n. 泄漏；漏洞，裂缝
vt. 使渗漏，泄露
vi. 漏，渗；泄漏出去
n. (Leak)人名；(英)利克；(东南亚国家华语)力 - ——————————————**
- an accidental hole that allows something (fluid or light etc.) to enter or escape
- soft watery rot in fruits and vegetables caused by fungi
- a euphemism for urination
- the unwanted discharge of a fluid from some container
- unauthorized (especially deliberate) disclosure of confidential information
53
Q
lens
A
- *n. 透镜，镜头；眼睛中的水晶体；晶状体；隐形眼镜；汽车的灯玻璃
vt. 给……摄影 - ——————————————**
- a transparent optical device used to converge or diverge transmitted light and to form images
- genus of small erect or climbing herbs with pinnate leaves and small inconspicuous white flowers and small flattened pods: lentils
- (metaphor) a channel through which something can be seen or understood
- biconvex transparent body situated behind the iris in the eye; it focuses light waves on the retina
- electronic equipment that uses a magnetic or electric field in order to focus a beam of electrons
54
Q
mint
A
- *n. 薄荷；[金融] 造币厂，巨款
vt. 铸造，铸币
n. (Mint)人名；(毛里塔)明特 - ——————————————**
- (often followed by `of’) a large number or amount or extent
- any north temperate plant of the genus Mentha with aromatic leaves and small mauve flowers
- the leaves of a mint plant used fresh or candied
- a candy that is flavored with a mint oil
- a plant where money is coined by authority of the government
55
Q
molecule
A
- *n. [化学] 分子；微小颗粒，微粒
- ——————————————**
- (physics and chemistry) the simplest structural unit of an element or compound
- (nontechnical usage) a tiny piece of anything
56
Q
nutrient
A
- *n. 营养物；滋养物
adj. 营养的；滋养的 - ——————————————**
- any substance that can be metabolized by an organism to give energy and build tissue
- of or providing nourishment
57
Q
peninsula
A
- *n. 半岛
- ——————————————**
- a large mass of land projecting into a body of water
58
Q
pilot
A
- *n. 飞行员；领航员
adj. 试点的
v. 驾驶；领航；试用
n. (Pilot)人名；(意、印)皮洛特；(法)皮洛 - ——————————————**
- someone who is licensed to operate an aircraft in flight
- a person qualified to guide ships through difficult waters going into or out of a harbor
- a program exemplifying a contemplated series; intended to attract sponsors
- an original model on which something is patterned
- small auxiliary gas burner that provides a flame to ignite a larger gas burner
59
Q
plasma
A
- *n. [等离子] 等离子体；血浆；[矿物] 深绿玉髓
- ——————————————**
- colorless watery fluid of blood and lymph containing no cells and in which erythrocytes and leukocytes and platelets are suspended
- a green slightly translucent variety of chalcedony used as a gemstone
- (physical chemistry) a fourth state of matter distinct from solid or liquid or gas and present in stars and fusion reactors; a gas becomes a plasma when it is heated until the atoms lose all their electrons, leaving a highly electrified collection of nuclei and free electrons
60
Q
psychoanalysis
A
- *n. 精神分析；心理分析
- ——————————————**
- a set of techniques for exploring underlying motives and a method of treating various mental disorders; based on the theories of Sigmund Freud
61
Q
purple
A
- *adj. 紫色的；帝王的；华而不实的
n. 紫色；紫袍
vi. 变成紫色
vt. 使成紫色 - ——————————————**
- a purple color or pigment
- of imperial status
- become purple
- color purple
- of a color intermediate between red and blue
62
Q
quasar
A
- *n. [天] 类星体；恒星状球体
- ——————————————**
- a starlike object that may send out radio waves and other forms of energy; many have large red shifts
63
Q
racing
A
- *n. 赛马；竞赛
vi. 赛马（race的ing形式）；竞赛
adj. 比赛的 - ——————————————**
- the sport of engaging in contests of speed
64
Q
radical
A
- *adj. 激进的；根本的；彻底的
n. 基础；激进分子；[物化] 原子团；[数] 根数 - ——————————————**
- (chemistry) two or more atoms bound together as a single unit and forming part of a molecule
- an atom or group of atoms with at least one unpaired electron; in the body it is usually an oxygen molecule than has lost an electron and will stabilize itself by stealing an electron from a nearby molecule
- a person who has radical ideas or opinions
- a character conveying the lexical meaning of a logogram
- a sign placed in front of an expression to denote that a root is to be extracted
65
Q
rainfall
A
- *n. 降雨；降雨量
- ——————————————**
- water falling in drops from vapor condensed in the atmosphere
66
Q
reason
A
- *n. 理由；理性；动机
vi. 推论；劝说
vt. 说服；推论；辩论
n. (Reason)人名；(英)里森 - ——————————————**
- a rational motive for a belief or action
- an explanation of the cause of some phenomenon
- the capacity for rational thought or inference or discrimination
- the state of having good sense and sound judgment
- a justification for something existing or happening
67
Q
robust
A
- *adj. 强健的；健康的；粗野的；粗鲁的
- ——————————————**
- physically strong
- marked by richness and fullness of flavor
- strong enough to withstand or overcome intellectual challenges or adversity
- rough and crude
68
Q
sap
A
- *n. [植] 树液；精力，元气；活力；坑道
vt. 使衰竭，使伤元气；挖掘以破坏基础
vi. 挖坑道
n. (Sap)人名；(柬)萨；(越)插 - ——————————————**
- a watery solution of sugars, salts, and minerals that circulates through the vascular system of a plant
- a person who lacks good judgment
- a piece of metal covered by leather with a flexible handle; used for hitting people
- deplete
- excavate the earth beneath
69
Q
solicit
A
- *vt. 征求；招揽；请求；乞求
vi. 征求；招揽；恳求；请求 - ——————————————**
- make a solicitation or entreaty for something; request urgently or persistently
- make amorous advances towards
- approach with an offer of sexual favors
- incite, move, or persuade to some act of lawlessness or insubordination
- make a solicitation or petition for something desired
70
Q
species
A
- *n. [生物] 物种；种类
adj. 物种上的 - ——————————————**
- (biology) taxonomic group whose members can interbreed
- a specific kind of something
71
Q
spread
A
- *vi. 传播；伸展
vt. 传播，散布；展开；伸展；铺开
n. 传播；伸展
adj. 伸展的 - ——————————————**
- process or result of distributing or extending over a wide expanse of space
- a conspicuous disparity or difference as between two figures
- farm consisting of a large tract of land along with facilities needed to raise livestock (especially cattle)
- a haphazard distribution in all directions
- a tasty mixture to be spread on bread or crackers
72
Q
temple
A
- *n. 庙宇；寺院；神殿；太阳穴
n. (Temple)人名；(法)唐普勒；(英)坦普尔 - ——————————————**
- place of worship consisting of an edifice for the worship of a deity
- the flat area on either side of the forehead
- an edifice devoted to special or exalted purposes
- (Judaism) the place of worship for a Jewish congregation
73
Q
terminal
A
- *n. 末端；终点；终端机；极限
adj. 末端的；终点的；晚期的 - ——————————————**
- station where transport vehicles load or unload passengers or goods
- a contact on an electrical device (such as a battery) at which electric current enters or leaves
- electronic equipment consisting of a device providing access to a computer; has a keyboard and display
- being or situated at an end
- of or relating to or situated at the ends of a delivery route
74
Q
terrain
A
- *n. [地理] 地形，地势；领域；地带
- ——————————————**
- a piece of ground having specific characteristics or military potential
75
Q
transmit
A
- *vt. 传输；传播；发射；传达；遗传
vi. 传输；发射信号 - ——————————————**
- transfer to another
- transmit or serve as the medium for transmission
- broadcast over the airwaves, as in radio or television
- send from one person or place to another
76
Q
tycoon
A
- *n. 企业界大亨，巨头；巨富
- ——————————————**
- a very wealthy or powerful businessman
77
Q
vegetation
A
- *n. 植被；植物，草木；呆板单调的生活
- ——————————————**
- all the plant life in a particular region or period
- the process of growth in plants
- an abnormal growth or excrescence (especially a warty excrescence on the valves of the heart)
- inactivity that is passive and monotonous, comparable to the inactivity of plant life
78
Q
vulnerable
A
- *adj. 易受攻击的，易受…的攻击；易受伤害的；有弱点的
- ——————————————**
- susceptible to attack
- susceptible to criticism or persuasion or temptation
- capable of being wounded or hurt
79
Q
weave
A
- *vt. 编织；编排；使迂回前进
vi. 纺织；编成；迂回行进
n. 织物；织法；编织式样 - ——————————————**
- pattern of weaving or structure of a fabric
- interlace by or as it by weaving
- create a piece of cloth by interlacing strands of fabric, such as wool or cotton
- sway to and fro
- to move or cause to move in a sinuous, spiral, or circular course
