Lesson 4 (Part 1) Flashcards
What region can you find the pancreas in?
Epigastric region
What is the pancreas composed of? (2)
- Exocrine tissue
- this makes up the majority - Endocrine tissue
What is the function of the exocrine gland?
Digestion
What does the exocrine gland secrete?
Pancreatic juice
What does the exocrine gland break up? (3)
- Fat
- Carbohydrates
- Proteins
- all into smaller pieces
What does the endocrine gland secrete?
Hormones
What 2 hormones do the endocrine gland secretes?
- Glucagon
2. Insulin
What do the endocrine glands do?
Maintains sugar and salt balance
What is the difference between exocrine and endocrine? (2)
- Exocrine = goes through a duct to get to the body
2. Endocrine = gets deposited directly into the blood, no duct required
What cells make up exocrine tissues?
Acini cells
What percentage do exocrine tissues make up?
80%
What percentage do endocrine tissues make up?
20%
What do exocrine tissues look like?
Small grape like structure with endocrine tissues in between
What is pancreatic juice composed of? (7)
- Amylase
- Lipase
- Tripsin
- Chymotrypsin
- Carboxypepidase
- Nucleases
- Sodium bicarbonate
What does lipase break down?
Fats
What does amylase break down?
Carbohydrates
What does trypsin, chymotrypsinogen and carboxypeptidase break down?
Proteins
What does nucleases break down?
Nucleic acid
What does sodium bicarbonate break down?
Neutralizes hydrochloric acid
What is hormone release stimulated by?
Partially digested food
What do hormones cause the production of?
Pancreatic juice
What is the function of cholecystokinin, gastrin and acetycholine?
To stimulate acini cells to produce digestive enzymes
What is the function of secretin?
To stimulate production of sodium bicarbonates
What are the 2 main ducts of the pancreas?
- Duct of Wirsung
- main duct - Duct of Santorini
- smaller accessory duct
Where does pancreatic juice collect in?
In the ducts of Wirsung
Where does the pancreatic juice go after collecting in the duct of Wirsung?
Moves into the duodenum through the ampulla of Vater
What does the sphincter of Oddi do when it relaxes?
It allows the passage of the pancreatic juices
What are cells from the endocrine tissues?
Islets of Langerhans
What are Islets of Langerhans consist of? (3)
- Alpha cells
- Beta cells
- Delta cells
What do Islets of Langerhans do?
Secretes hormones directly into the blood stream
What does insulin do?
Turns glucose to glycogen
What does glucagon do?
Turns glycogen to glucose
What does somatostatin do?
Inhibits insulin and glucagon production
- is an alpha and beta inhibitor
