Lesson 14 Flashcards
What anomalies is easier to diagnose with ultrasound only?
Horseshoe kidney
Which bladder anomaly is most likely to be seen with pelvic ultrasound on an adult?
Bladder duplication
When is bladder exstropy fixed?
As a child
If a person has unilateral right renal agenesis, what is it called when the left kidney is enlarged?
Compensatory hypertrophy
What type of anomaly is compensatory?
It is related to a growth anomaly
What is the shape of the kidney?
Bean shaped
What is the contour of the kidney?
Smooth
- convex on the lateral side
- concave on the medial side
What is the echogenicity compared to the liver?
It is isoechoic or hypoechoic
What is the echogenicity of the kidney compared to the spleen?
Hypoechoic
A patient comes in very hydrated and collecting system and may have anechoic areas due to this, what is it known as?
Transient pyelectasis
How is transient pyelectasis resolved by?
Voiding
Voiding
Peeing
What is renal duplication artifact a result of?
Sound beam refraction between lower portion of spleen or liver and adjacent fat
Where is renal duplication artifact mostly seen? (2)
- Left kidney
2. In obese patients
What can renal duplication artifact mimicke? (3)
- Duplex collecting system
- Suprarenal masses
- Upper pole renal cortical thickening
How can you resolve renal duplication artifact? (2)
- Change transducer position
- Use deep inspiration
- liver and spleen as acoustic window
IVP
Intravenous pyelography
- or excretory urography
Nuclear medicine
Admin of IV radionuclide filtered through kidneys at a specific rate and concentration
What are 2 disadvantages to nuclear medicine?
- They relay on renal function
2. Demonstrates only gross anatomy
CT
Computerized tomography
What are 2 benefits to CT?
- Exquisite anatomical detail
2. Differentiate between types of masses
What are 4 disadvantages of CT?
- Expensive
- Facilities are limited
- Ionizing radiation
- Use of contrast relies on function
What makes U/S different than other modalities with regards to the urinary system? (4)
- Can see in real time
- Our patient voids
- can see full and empty bladder - Can see constructions
- jets for urine pathways - Stones are easily seen
What are the limitations of U/S for the urinary system? (3)
- Cant differentiate between different masses
- Quality of the scan
- dependant on patient - Cant tell how well they can function
What is the formula for calculating the volume of the bladder?
L x W x H x 0.523 = cc
What does cc stand for?
Cubic centimeters
- cm^3
