Lesson 14

Question 1

What anomalies is easier to diagnose with ultrasound only?

Answer 1

Horseshoe kidney

Question 2

Which bladder anomaly is most likely to be seen with pelvic ultrasound on an adult?

Answer 2

Bladder duplication

Question 3

When is bladder exstropy fixed?

Answer 3

As a child

Question 4

If a person has unilateral right renal agenesis, what is it called when the left kidney is enlarged?

Answer 4

Compensatory hypertrophy

Question 5

What type of anomaly is compensatory?

Answer 5

It is related to a growth anomaly

Question 6

What is the shape of the kidney?

Answer 6

Bean shaped

Question 7

What is the contour of the kidney?

Answer 7

Smooth

• convex on the lateral side
• concave on the medial side

Question 8

What is the echogenicity compared to the liver?

Answer 8

It is isoechoic or hypoechoic

Question 9

What is the echogenicity of the kidney compared to the spleen?

Answer 9

Hypoechoic

Question 10

A patient comes in very hydrated and collecting system and may have anechoic areas due to this, what is it known as?

Answer 10

Transient pyelectasis

Question 11

How is transient pyelectasis resolved by?

Answer 11

Voiding

Question 12

Voiding

Answer 12

Peeing

Question 13

What is renal duplication artifact a result of?

Answer 13

Sound beam refraction between lower portion of spleen or liver and adjacent fat

Question 14

Where is renal duplication artifact mostly seen? (2)

Answer 14

1. Left kidney

2. In obese patients

Question 15

What can renal duplication artifact mimicke? (3)

Answer 15

1. Duplex collecting system
2. Suprarenal masses
3. Upper pole renal cortical thickening

Question 16

How can you resolve renal duplication artifact? (2)

Answer 16

1. Change transducer position
2. Use deep inspiration
   - liver and spleen as acoustic window

Question 17

IVP

Answer 17

Intravenous pyelography

- or excretory urography

Question 18

Nuclear medicine

Answer 18

Admin of IV radionuclide filtered through kidneys at a specific rate and concentration

Question 19

What are 2 disadvantages to nuclear medicine?

Answer 19

1. They relay on renal function

2. Demonstrates only gross anatomy

Question 20

CT

Answer 20

Computerized tomography

Question 21

What are 2 benefits to CT?

Answer 21

1. Exquisite anatomical detail

2. Differentiate between types of masses

Question 22

What are 4 disadvantages of CT?

Answer 22

1. Expensive
2. Facilities are limited
3. Ionizing radiation
4. Use of contrast relies on function

Question 23

What makes U/S different than other modalities with regards to the urinary system? (4)

Answer 23

1. Can see in real time
2. Our patient voids
   - can see full and empty bladder
3. Can see constructions
   - jets for urine pathways
4. Stones are easily seen

Question 24

What are the limitations of U/S for the urinary system? (3)

Answer 24

1. Cant differentiate between different masses
2. Quality of the scan
   - dependant on patient
3. Cant tell how well they can function

Question 25

What is the formula for calculating the volume of the bladder?

Answer 25

L x W x H x 0.523 = cc

Question 26

What does cc stand for?

Answer 26

Cubic centimeters

- cm^3