Lesson 17 (Part 2) Flashcards
What are the 4 zones that make up the glandular region of the prostate?
- Peripheral
- Central
- Transition zone
- Periurethral glandular tissue/zone
What is the largest zone of the glandular region?
Peripheral zone
- 70%
How much cancer is typically found in the peripheral zone?
70%
What regions of the prostate make up the peripheral region? (3)
- Posterior
- Lateral
- Apical
What does the peripheral zone resemble?
An eggcup
- holding the egg of the central gland
What is the 2nd largest zone of the glandular region?
Central zone
- 25%
How much cancer is typically found in the central zone?
5%
What 2 structures enter at the central zone?
- Vas deferenes
2. Seminal vesicles
How much glandular tissue is made up in the transitional zone?
5%
How much cancer is typically found in the transitional zone?
20%
Periurethral glandular zone
Tissue that lines the proximal prostatic urethra
What is the prostatic urethra divided by?
The verumontanum
- proximal and distal sections
Where is the verumontanum close to?
The centre of the prostate
What happens at the verumontanum?
The ejaculatory ducts meet the urethra
What are 3 indications that you scan a males pelvis?
- Prostate problems suspected
- Lab values have increased
- Urinary problems
What are 3 ways you can suspect that there are problems with the prostate?
- The size is abnormal
- Cancer
- You can feel a lump on the rectal exam
What lab values are you testing with a prostate exam?
PSA
PSA
Prostatic specific antigen
What are 3 urinary problems?
- Nocturia
- Frequency
- Weak streams
DRE
Digital rectal exam
Digital rectal exam
Palpate for lumps on the prostate
Prostatic specific antigen
Blood test for the prostate
What happens to the prostate with increasing age?
It grows
What protein does the prostate produce exclusively?
Glycoprotein
What does it mean if you have increased levels of PSA?
More likely that prostate cancer exists
- normal levels dont exclude cancer
What percent of men still get prostate cancer with normal PSA levels?
20-40%
What happens to PSA when the prostate increases?
PSA increases also
What PSA level do most normal men have?
1.5 ng/mL
What are the normal, borderline and abnormal values for PSA?
- Normal = < 2.5 ng%
- Borderline = 4-10 ng%
- Abnormal = > 10 ng%
What does PSA provide?
A continuous index of risk for cancer
Serial PSA tests
Checks if the levels have changed over time
PSA/d
PSA/volume
