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Normal Anatomy > Lesson 17 (Part 3) > Flashcards

Lesson 17 (Part 3) Flashcards

1
Q

What percentage of cancers can biopsy detect?

A

80%

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2
Q

What is PSA a marker for?

A

Prostate cancer aggressiveness

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3
Q

When is a biopsy recommended? (3)

A
  1. PSA levels are > 2.5ng/mL
  2. Suspicious nodule found during a DRE
  3. Nodule on an ultrasound with a normal PSA
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4
Q

What anatomy is assessed for a male pelvis ultrasound? (3)

A
  1. Prostate
  2. Seminal vesicles
  3. Bladder
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5
Q

What is transabdominal male pelvic ultrasound good for? (2)

A
  1. Gross prostate

2. Bladder evaluation

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6
Q

What is transabdominal male pelvic ultrasound limited to? (3)

A
  1. Prostate size
  2. Prostate shape
  3. Prostate weight
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7
Q

Why is the transabdominal male pelvic ultrasound limited? (2)

A
  1. Detail is inadequate
  2. Almost all cancer is in the posterior aspect of the prostate
    - not seen transabdominally
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8
Q

How can you better evaluate the prostate?

A

With TRUS

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9
Q

TRUS

A

TransRectal UltraSound

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10
Q

What can the prostate gland be imaged through?

A

A full bladder

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11
Q

How do you calculate the prostate volume?

A

L x W x AP x 0.523

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12
Q

What volumes do you get of the bladder during ultrasound? (2)

A
  1. Prevoiding

2. Postvoiding

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13
Q

What is the weight of a normal prostate?

A

20g

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14
Q

What is the normal width of the prostate?

A

4cm

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15
Q

What is the normal AP width of the prostate?

A

3cm

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16
Q

What is the normal length of the prostate?

17
Q

What is the normal volume of the prostate?

18
Q

With doing a transabdominal ultrasound of the male pelvis, what can be seen in transverse?

A

The right and left seminal vesicles

- symmetric

19
Q

What do seminal vesicles look like in sagittal?

A

Ovoid structures

20
Q

What is the echotexture of the prostate?

A

Heterogenous

21
Q

How should the prostate appear in ultrasound?

A

Symmetrical

- in shape and size

22
Q

What does high attenuation cause?

23
Q

What are the major reasons to get a TRUS? (3)

A
  1. Prostate cancer evaluation
  2. Biopsy
  3. Guidance of therapeutic procedures
24
Q

What are the less common reasons to get a TRUS? (3)

A
  1. Infertility
  2. Prostatitis
  3. Biopsy any accessible lesion in the pelvis
    - men and women
25
Q

What is the sonographers role during a TRUS? (5)

A
  1. Explain the procedure to the patient
  2. What is going to happen and when
  3. If they have any questions
  4. Obtain verbal consent
    - and written
  5. Explain potential complications
26
Q

What is the patients positioning for TRUS

A

Left lateral decubitus with leg together and bent up

27
Q

What is performed before inserting the probe for a TRUS? By who?

A
  1. DRE

2. By a radiologist

28
Q

What is the frequency of the probe for a TRUS?

A

7-11MHz

- increased frequency results in better resolution

29
Q

How are the seminal vesicles oriented in a transverse plane during a TRUS scan?

A

Seminal vesicles are at the base of the prostate

30
Q

What kind of scanning do you use with TRUS scanning? (2)

A
  1. Gray scale
  2. Doppler
    - flow imaging in transverse for vascular symmetry

Normal Anatomy (47 decks)

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