Lesson 16 (Part 3)

Question 1

What does the lymphatic system contain? (7)

Answer 1

1. Lymph
2. Lymphatic vessels
3. Lacteals
4. Lymph nodes
5. Spleen
6. Bone marrow
7. Thymus

Question 2

Where do you find lymphatic substances?

Answer 2

Distributed throughout the body and linked by lymphatic vessels

Question 3

How many lymph nodes do we typically have?

Answer 3

500-600

Question 4

Where do you find lymph nodes?

Answer 4

In places where your body is the warmest

Question 5

Where are 4 places you can find lymph nodes?

Answer 5

1. Axillary
   - armpit
2. Cervical
   - neck
3. Inguinal
   - groin
4. Abdomen
   - around great vessels

Question 6

What is the function of the lymphatic system? (3)

Answer 6

1. Collects and transports excess fluids, lymph from interstitial spaces back into the venous system
2. Absorbs fats from small intestine and transports them to the liver
3. Produce cells that fight infection and dispose of foreign material
   - immune system

Question 7

Where are common sites for abdominal lymph nodes? (4)

Answer 7

1. Paraaortic and paracaval areas near the great vessels
2. Peripancreatic area and porta hepatic area
3. Renal hilar area
4. Mesenteric region

Question 8

What are the normal size of nodes?

Answer 8

Smaller than the tip of a finger

- less than 1cm within the abdomen

Question 9

When are lymph nodes normally scanned? (2)

Answer 9

1. Small patient

2. Good scan

Question 10

When are lymph nodes normally seen?

Answer 10

When they are abnormal

Question 11

What does ultrasound probe frequency depend on?

Answer 11

Penetration depth

Question 12

What kind of frequency is used with superficial nodes?

Answer 12

High frequency probe

Question 13

What kind of frequency is used with deep nodes?

Answer 13

Low frequency probe

Question 14

What is the shape of a normal lymph node?

Answer 14

Ovoid shaped

Question 15

What does a lymph node consist of? (2)

Answer 15

1. Cortex

2. Hilum

Question 16

What is the echogenicity of the cortex?

Answer 16

Hypoechoic

Question 17

What does the cortex of the lymph node look like?

Answer 17

Concentric

- ring

Question 18

What is the echogenicity of the hilum of the lymph node? (2)

Answer 18

1. Echogenic

2. Hyperechoic

Question 19

What is at the hilum of the lymph node? (3)

Answer 19

Multiple reflective interfaces of…..

1. Blood vessels
2. Fat
3. Central sinus

Question 20

What can be seen at the hilum of the lymph node?

Answer 20

Blood flow

Question 21

What is the AP of a lymph node?

Answer 21

It is normally smaller than width or length

Question 22

What do you have to see at the hilum?

Answer 22

A fatty hilum

Question 23

What does the lymph node hilum look like if its abnormal? (3)

Answer 23

1. Large
2. Circular
3. Lose fatty hilum

Question 24

What happens to the lymph nodes if a person has an infection?

Answer 24

Multiple and enlarged lymph nodes, but you still would have a fatty hilum and oval shaped structure

Question 25

When scanning the lymph nodes, where is the best place to put the probe?

Answer 25

Anterior window

- epigastric

Question 26

What are 2 techniques you can try to improve visualization of the lymph nodes?

Answer 26

1. Turn the patients on their side to move the gas out of the way
2. Pushing your stomach out

Question 27

What are 3 questions you can ask your patients regarding lymph nodes?

Answer 27

1. Are you sick/have a cold or flu
2. Are you feeling pain
3. Fever

• basically looking for any signs of infection

Question 28

What is the echotexture of the spleen?

Answer 28

Homogenous