Lesson 13 (Part 4) Flashcards
What is the most common anomalies in males?
Congenital megaureter
What does congenital megaureter result in?
Functional ureteric obstruction
What ureter is more common with congenital megaureter?
The left one
What does congenital megaureter look like in ultrasound?
Fusiform dilation at the 3rd of the ureter
What are 2 anomalies related to vascular development?
- Retrocaval ureter
2. Aberrant vessels
What are 4 anomalies related to bladder development?
- Bladder agenesis
- Bladder duplication
- Bladder exstrophy
- Urachal anomalies
What is an anomalies related to urethral development?
Diverticula
Retrocaval ureter
Abnormal embryogenesis of IVC
- ureter behind the IVC before entering the pelvis
Which ureter is predominant in retrocaval ureter?
The right
What is the ratio of males to females for retrocaval ureter?
3: 1
- more common in males
What are 2 symptoms of the retrocaval ureter?
- Right flank pain
2. UTI
When is megaureter fixed?
After peeing
What happens if megaureter doesnt change after peeing?
It looks like hydronephrosis
- ureter is dilated
Where is retrocaval located compared to the IVC?
Posterior to the IVC
Aberrant vessels
Insertion at an atypical location
- can have duplication insertions
- very uncommon
Bladder agenesis
In ultrasound the bladder is absent
- stillborn
Can you live without your bladder?
No
How common is bladder agenesis?
Very rare
How many types of bladder duplications are there?
3
What are the 3 types of bladder duplications?
- Peritoneal folds
- Internal septum
- Transverse band
Peritoneal fold
Omenta, mesenteries and ligaments connect organs to each other or to the abdominal wall
- complete or incomplete
Internal septum
Similar to the septum of the gallbladder
- complete or incomplete
Transverse band
Band of muscle that divides the bladder into 2 unequal cavities
Bladder exstrophy
Part of the urinary bladder is present outside the body and often inside out
Is bladder exstrophy more common in males or females?
Males
- 2:1 ratio
Why does bladder exstrophy occur?
Failure of the abdominal wall to close during fetal development
Urachus
Remnant of the channel between the bladder and the umbilicus
How many types of urachal anomalies are there?
4
