Lesson 13 (Part 3) Flashcards
What are 3 anomalies related to ascent of the kidney?
- Ectopia
- Crossed renal ectopia
- Horseshoe kidney
Ascent
Where is starts
Ectopia
Kidney is not located in the normal position
Where can ectopia of the be located? (2)
- Pelvis
- Thorax
- not within the renal fossae
What symptoms come with ectopia?
No symptoms
What do 50% of kidneys with ectopic have?
Reduced renal function
What are 3 possible complications with ectopia?
- Infection
- Stones
- Blunt trauma
Crossed renal ectopia
Displacement of one kidney to the opposite side
What are 2 forms of crossed renal ectopia?
- Fused
2. Lying on one side without fusion
What percentage of fused crossed renal ectopia can happen?
85-90%
What is more common in crossed renal ectopia?
The left kidney going to the right
What type of crossed renal ectopia is more common?
Fused
What does horseshoe kidney do?
It fused lower poles at midline
What are the symptoms of horseshoe kidney? (4)
- Abdominal pain
- Nausea
- Stones
- Urinary tract infections
- UTI
What are likely to appear in horseshoe kidneys?
Cancerous tumours
Where are horseshoes kidneys located on ultrasound?
At a lower level than normal
What does horseshoe kidneys do?
Bridge of renal tissue (isthmus)
- connects 2 kidneys
When is treatment necessary for horseshoe kindeys?
If symptoms occur you may need surgery
- not necessary if no symptoms are showing
What are 6 anomalies related to the ureteral bud?
- Renal agenesis
- Supernumerary kidney
- Duplex collecting system and ureterocele
- Ureteropelvic junction obstruction
- Congenital megacalices
- Congenital megaureter
Renal agenesis
Failure of formation of a kidney
- unilateral or bilateral
What are 3 causes of renal agenesis?
- Absence of metanephrogenic blastema
- Absence of ureteral bud development
- Absence of interaction and penetration of the ureteral buds with metanephrogenic blastema
What do you except to see with renal agenesis?
Nothing will be there, so you would just see liver
Supernumerary kidney
Extra small kidney
How common is supernumerary kidney?
Its rare
Where is the location of the supernumerary kidney?
Above, below, in front or behind the normal kidney
- can be functioning
What are symptoms of supernumerary kidney? (4)
- Pain
- Fever
- Hypertension
- Palpable abdominal mass
Hyper tension
Increase blood pressure
What are the types of duplex system? (4)
- Complete
- Incomplete
- Unilateral
- one side you have 2 ureters to the bladder - Bilateral
- both sides you have 2 ureters to the bladder
Urecterocele
A congenital abnormality found in the distal ureter
What happens to the distal ureter in urecterocele?
It balloons at the UVJ forming a sac like pouch
What is urecterocele associated with?
A duplicated collection system
What are 2 complications for duplex system?
- Ureteral obstruction
2. Recurrent or persist urinary tract infections
What is a treatment for duplex systems?
Surgery
How is ureterocele treated?
After emptying the bladder it collapses
Why does duplex systems have a higher chance of complications?
Because there is two of them
UPJ obstruction
Obstruction at the superior aspect of the kidney
