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Normal Anatomy > Lesson 13 (Part 3) > Flashcards

Lesson 13 (Part 3) Flashcards

1
Q

What are 3 anomalies related to ascent of the kidney?

A
  1. Ectopia
  2. Crossed renal ectopia
  3. Horseshoe kidney
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2
Q

Ascent

A

Where is starts

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3
Q

Ectopia

A

Kidney is not located in the normal position

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4
Q

Where can ectopia of the be located? (2)

A
  1. Pelvis
  2. Thorax
  • not within the renal fossae
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5
Q

What symptoms come with ectopia?

A

No symptoms

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6
Q

What do 50% of kidneys with ectopic have?

A

Reduced renal function

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7
Q

What are 3 possible complications with ectopia?

A
  1. Infection
  2. Stones
  3. Blunt trauma
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8
Q

Crossed renal ectopia

A

Displacement of one kidney to the opposite side

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9
Q

What are 2 forms of crossed renal ectopia?

A
  1. Fused

2. Lying on one side without fusion

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10
Q

What percentage of fused crossed renal ectopia can happen?

A

85-90%

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11
Q

What is more common in crossed renal ectopia?

A

The left kidney going to the right

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12
Q

What type of crossed renal ectopia is more common?

A

Fused

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13
Q

What does horseshoe kidney do?

A

It fused lower poles at midline

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14
Q

What are the symptoms of horseshoe kidney? (4)

A
  1. Abdominal pain
  2. Nausea
  3. Stones
  4. Urinary tract infections
    - UTI
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15
Q

What are likely to appear in horseshoe kidneys?

A

Cancerous tumours

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16
Q

Where are horseshoes kidneys located on ultrasound?

A

At a lower level than normal

17
Q

What does horseshoe kidneys do?

A

Bridge of renal tissue (isthmus)

- connects 2 kidneys

18
Q

When is treatment necessary for horseshoe kindeys?

A

If symptoms occur you may need surgery

- not necessary if no symptoms are showing

19
Q

What are 6 anomalies related to the ureteral bud?

A
  1. Renal agenesis
  2. Supernumerary kidney
  3. Duplex collecting system and ureterocele
  4. Ureteropelvic junction obstruction
  5. Congenital megacalices
  6. Congenital megaureter
20
Q

Renal agenesis

A

Failure of formation of a kidney

- unilateral or bilateral

21
Q

What are 3 causes of renal agenesis?

A
  1. Absence of metanephrogenic blastema
  2. Absence of ureteral bud development
  3. Absence of interaction and penetration of the ureteral buds with metanephrogenic blastema
22
Q

What do you except to see with renal agenesis?

A

Nothing will be there, so you would just see liver

23
Q

Supernumerary kidney

A

Extra small kidney

24
Q

How common is supernumerary kidney?

A

Its rare

25
Q

Where is the location of the supernumerary kidney?

A

Above, below, in front or behind the normal kidney

- can be functioning

26
Q

What are symptoms of supernumerary kidney? (4)

A
  1. Pain
  2. Fever
  3. Hypertension
  4. Palpable abdominal mass
27
Q

Hyper tension

A

Increase blood pressure

28
Q

What are the types of duplex system? (4)

A
  1. Complete
  2. Incomplete
  3. Unilateral
    - one side you have 2 ureters to the bladder
  4. Bilateral
    - both sides you have 2 ureters to the bladder
29
Q

Urecterocele

A

A congenital abnormality found in the distal ureter

30
Q

What happens to the distal ureter in urecterocele?

A

It balloons at the UVJ forming a sac like pouch

31
Q

What is urecterocele associated with?

A

A duplicated collection system

32
Q

What are 2 complications for duplex system?

A
  1. Ureteral obstruction

2. Recurrent or persist urinary tract infections

33
Q

What is a treatment for duplex systems?

A

Surgery

34
Q

How is ureterocele treated?

A

After emptying the bladder it collapses

35
Q

Why does duplex systems have a higher chance of complications?

A

Because there is two of them

36
Q

UPJ obstruction

A

Obstruction at the superior aspect of the kidney

Normal Anatomy (47 decks)

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