Lesson 11 (Part 2) Flashcards
What are renal pyramids composed of?
Medullary substances
What is at the apices of the renal pyramid?
Renal papilla
What is another term for central sinus?
Renal sinus
What is the inner aspect/cavity of the kidney called?
Central sinus
What is the central sinus occupied by? (4)
- Blood vessels
- Renal pelvis
- Nerves
- Fat
What is the hilum?
It is the area where the ureter, renal artery and renal vein enters/leaves the kidneys
What is continuous with the hilum?
Renal sinus
How do the renal arteries and renal veins lie compared to the renal pelvis?
More anterior
Are kidneys vascular?
Yes
What happens to arteries and veins as they enter/leave the kidney?
Their names change
Renal artery
Large branch of the abdominal aorta
What does the renal artery do?
It brings blood into each kidney
Renal vein
Large branch that brings deoxygenated blood to the IVC
Segmental
Representing an end artery and they form independent renal segments
Lobar
Branch of the segmental artery
Interlobar
Branch from the lobar arteries and supply the renal lobes
Arcuate
They arise from renal interlobar arteries and are at the border of the renal cortex and renal medulla
Interlobular
Branch off from the arcuate arteries and radiate out through the cortex to end in networks of capillaries in the region just inside the capsule
Collecting system
Where urine flows out and makes its way to the bladder then out of body
Where is the collecting system located?
Within the kidney
- different parts have different names
What are the 4 parts of the collecting system?
- Minor calyces
- Major calyces
- Renal pelvis
- Ureter
What are 4 reasons a doctor might send for a renal ultrasound?
- Pain in the back and flanks
- Blood in the urine
- Hypertension
- High blood pressure
Why would you not get a CT done before an ultrasound? (3)
- Lots of radiation
- can be harmful - US is less invasive
- In live time so we can visually see if something is blocked
- done through voiding
What are questions you should ask your patients when scanning kidneys? (5)
- Any blood in your urine
- If they have any pain
- Where their pain is
- How long they have had that pain for
- If they have had any fevers
What is the contour of the kidney?
Smooth borders
What is the shape of the kidney? (2)
- Bean
2. Convex and concave medially
What is the size of the kidney?
11 cm
- average
How does the kidney vary in size? (2)
- Size of person
2. Age
What happens to the cortex with increasing age?
It decreases
- parenchymal reduction (AP thickness)
What is the echogenicity of the right renal cortex to the liver?
Slightly hypoechoic or isoechoic
What is the echogenicity of the left renal cortex to the spleen?
Hypoechoic
