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Psychology 104 > Lecture 5 > Flashcards

Lecture 5 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are Variables?

A

Any characteristic of factor that can vary (e.g. height, blood pressure, etc.)

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2
Q

What are the common variables used in psychological research?

A

Overt Behaviour
Physiological Measures
Psychological Tests

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3
Q

What are examples of Overt behaviour?

A

Play patterns, reaction time, accuracy

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4
Q

What are examples of Physiological Measures?

A

Heart rate, pupil dilation, neural activity

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5
Q

What are Psychological Tests?

A

Neuropsychological, IQ, etc.

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6
Q

What is Operational definition?

A

Defining a concept or variable in terms of the specific procedures used to produce or measure it

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7
Q

What are the 3 broad levels of analysis?

A

Biological
Psychological
Social

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8
Q

What is Reliability in response to Variables?

A

Does the measure produce consistent results

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9
Q

What is Validity in response to variable?

A

Does the measure actually relate to what it is supposed

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10
Q

What are some considerations with variables?

A
  • Measurement of variable can be considered more or less obtrusive
  • Variables that have already been measured are called archival measure
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11
Q

What are Archival Measures?

A

Variables that have already been measured prior to the start of a projects

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12
Q

What are the 3 types of Research methods?

A

Correlational Studies
Experimental Methods
Descriptive Research

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13
Q

What does Correlational Studies examine?

A

Relationships among/between variables

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14
Q

What does Experimental Research examine?

A

Cause and effect relationship

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15
Q

What does Descriptive Research study?

A

Case studies
Naturalistic observation
Survey Research

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16
Q

What are Case Studies?

A

In-depth analyses of an individual, group, or event

17
Q

What are the advantages to Case Studies?

A
  • Gives the opportunity to study rare phenomenon that you might no otherwise have
  • Can challenge the validity of a theory or widely held scientific belief
  • Can be a source of new ideas/hypotheses
  • Can illustrate effectiveness of experimental programs for particular population
18
Q

What are the Disadvantages of Case Studies?

A
  • Observers may not be objective in gathering/interpreting data
  • Cannot establish cause and effect relationship
  • May not generalize to other people/groups
19
Q

What can case studies be used to test?

A

Can be used to test patients who already have damage to specific areas of the brain. This helps when it wouldn’t be ethical to actually damage a specific portion of someones brain

20
Q

What is Localization of Function?

A

The idea that particular parts of the brain are specialized for specific functions/tasks/processes

21
Q

What is Naturalistic Observation?

A

Where lab studies are difficult or less useful, researchers can observe subjects in their real-life environment

22
Q

What is the Advantage of Naturalistic observation?

A

It provides a rich description and high ecological validity

23
Q

What is the Disadvantage?

A

Cannot make inferences about cause and effect relationship

24
Q

What is Survey Research?

A

Collecting data using questionnaires or interviews

25
Q

What are the advantages to Survey Research?

A
  • Efficient way to collect lots of data

* Can gauge changes across time

26
Q

What are the Disadvantages to Survey Research?

A
  • Cannot infer cause and effect
  • Relies on self reports
  • Possible issues with representativeness
27
Q

What is a Sample?

A

A set of data that is collected

28
Q

What is required of Samples?

A

They should be representative of the population being studies

29
Q

Why should samples be representative of the population being studies?

A

To increase the probability that inferences made about the sample will generalize the population that is the target for research

30
Q

What is shown in Random Sampling?

A

Everyone in the population has an equal chance of being samples

31
Q

What happens in stratified random sampling?

A

Attempts are made to draw samples in pseudo-random fashion that takes into account various differences in the population. The sample is just more representative of the population

Psychology 104 (33 decks)

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