Lecture 20 Flashcards
What are Monocular cues?
Visually based information that can be interpreted with a single eye and are used to help us judge size/distance
What can light and shadow tell us?
The hands are above the paper in the drawing above
What are examples of Monocular cues?
Light and shadow Linear perspective Interposition Height on Horizontal plain Texture Clarity Relative size Motion Parallax
What is Linear perspective?
When parallel lines converge in the distance
What is Interposition?
Close objects are in the front of far objects
What is Height on horizontal plane?
Objects that are closer appear lower in frame
What is Texture?
Objects that are farther away appear to have finer textures that appear less densely spaced when closer
What is Clarity?
Things that are farther away look ‘fuzzier’
What is Relative size?
The size of objects compared to other things in scene that have a known scale
What is Motion Parallax?
Nearby objects appear to move past us faster than farther objects
What are Binocular cues?
Visually based information that can be interpreted using both eyes and are used to help us judge size/distance
What is Binocular disparity?
Slight difference in visual information related to the same object reach each eye, and the amount of difference tells us distance
What is Convergence?
When our eyes converge when we look at objects closer to us
What is apparent motion?
When a bunch of pictures seem like they’re moving like in cartoons
What occurs in the Ponzo illusion?
One line seems farther way but also forms the same sized image on the retina
What is Conciousness?
A construct that consists of our moment to moment awareness of ourselves and environment
What are some characteristics of consciousness?
It is subjective
Private
Self reflective
Dynamic
What are States if consciousness?
A particular patter of subjective experiences, or way of experiencing internal and external events
What are Altered state of conciousness?
Variation from out normal waking state
What are the 3 ways the Psychodynamics view consciousness?
Conscious
Preconscious
Unconscious
What is Conscious in the Psychodynamic view?
Mental events we are currently aware of
What is preconscious in the Psychodynamic view?
Outside of current awareness but can be easily recalled
What is unconscious in the Psychodynamic view?
Not typically brought into conscious awareness
What is Subliminal perception?
Below the threshold for conscious perception
What do Cognitive theories distinguish between?
Controlled processing and Automatic processing
What is Controlled processing?
Effortful, voluntary use of attention
Typically required for novel of difficult tasks
Slow but flexible
What is Automatic processing?
Little to no conscious processing required
Fast but not flexible
Facilitates divided attention
What is divided attention?
Simultaneous processing of information associated with engaging in multiple tasks
What is the advantage to divided attention?
Adaptive
Good for relatively easy highly practiced, predictable tasks
What are the limitations to divided attention:
Less effective if tasks require similar resources and/or difficult
Can impact other action
How does the Modular view understand conscousness?
The mind consists of separate but interacting information processing modules. Experience of consciousness can be understood as the integrated output of these modules
What is Visual Agnosia?
An inability to visually identify objects
What is Simultagnosia?
An inability to perceive more than one object at once
What is Blindsight?
Reporting not being able to see visual stimuli, though responding in ways that indicate some level of awareness
How can Consciousness be measured?
Self-reports
Physiological
Behavioural
