Lecture 30 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Motivation?

A

Processes that influence direction, persistence, and vigor of goal directed behavior

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2
Q

What is Instinct Theory?

A

An early approach to understanding how motivation affects behavior

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3
Q

What is an Instinct?

A

An inherited predisposition to behave in a specific and predictable way when exposed to a particular stimulus

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4
Q

What are the characteristics of instincts?

A

Have a genetic basic
Found universally among all members of a species
Do not depend on learning
Have a survival value

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5
Q

What are the two major problems with Instinct Theory?

A

Tended to have little empirical support

Approach had circular reasoning

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6
Q

What was a modern approach to Motivation?

A

Drive theory, which related to homeostasis

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7
Q

What does Drive theory predict about motivation?

A

Physiological disruptions to homeostasis produce drives to behave in certain ways to reduce disruptions

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8
Q

What does Drive theory required?

A

Sensors to detect changes in homeostasis and a control center to activate/deactivate some kind of response system

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9
Q

What are the short comings to Drive theory?

A

People often act in ways that actually reduce homeostasis (e.g. roller coasters)
People often do things when their homeostatic balance has not be disrupted (e.g. eating when you are full)

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10
Q

What do motivation theories that emphasize incentives focus on?

A

Pull factors

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11
Q

What does Expectancy x Value theory believe?

A

A cognitive perspective that predicts a behavior is a combinations of expectations and incentive value

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12
Q

What are Expectations?

A

Strength of expectation that behavior will lead to goal

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13
Q

What is Incentive value?

A

Incentive that a person places on goal

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14
Q

What is intrinsic motivation?

A

Performing an activity for its own sake

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15
Q

What is extrinsic motivation?

A

Performing an activity to obtain external reward or to avoid punishment (e.g. money)

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16
Q

What is the Overjustification hypothesis?

A

A hypothesis that predicts that providing extrinsic rewards for things that one intrinsically finds rewarding can actually reduce overall levels of motivation (e.g. getting paid to create art)

17
Q

What do Psychodynamic views of motivation focus on?

A

How unconscious motives affects our behavior

18
Q

What was the Motivation that Freud emphasized?

A

Sexual and aggressive motives (dual-instinct model)

19
Q

What does the Humanistic View of Motivation distinguish between?

A

Deficiency needs and growth needs

20
Q

What are deficiency needs?

A

Needs related to physical/social survival

21
Q

What are Growth needs?

A

Reaching our fullest potential

22
Q

What does the Humanistic view of Motivation require?

A

A need hierarchy

23
Q

What does Self Determination Theory focus on?

A

Competence
Autonomy
Relatedness

24
Q

What is Competence?

A

The need to overcome new challenges, continue developing/refining/mastering new skills

25
Q

What is Autonomy?

A

The ability to exercise free choice in an unconstrained

26
Q

What is Relatedness?

A

Meaningful social connections

27
Q

What does Set Point theory state?

A

There is an internal physiological standard that regulates body weight

28
Q

What signals hunger?

A

Liver converts nutrients into glucose when running low causing a drop rise pattern
Gherkin is reales into the bloodstream by small intestines
Neuropeptide Y released by paraventricular nucleus

29
Q

What signals Satiety?

A

Various peptides released into bloodstream by small intestines
Lepton, a hormone secreted by fat cells is released stomach expand

30
Q

What is the Lateral Hypothalamus associated with?

A

Stimulating eating

31
Q

What is the Ventromedial Hypothalamus associated with?

A

Inhibiting eating

32
Q

What does the Paraventricular nuclei us do?

A

Integrates information across various hunger/satiety signals