Lecture 21 Flashcards
What is Circadian Rhythm?
Daily biological cycles associated with various characteristics and physiological changes
What correlates with Seasonal affective disorder?
Differences in latitude
What does Suprachiasmatic Nuclei do?
SCN regulates circadian rhythms
Where are Suprachiasmatic Nuclei located?
In the hypothalamus
What does Suprachiasmatic Nuclei have connections to?
They eyes
What does the Suprachiasmatic Nuclei do in relation to the eyes?
Uses light cues to help entrain (calibrate) the cycle and so loss of vision can disrupt your circadian rhythms
What does Neurons of SCN do during the day?
They inhibit melatonin production
Where is Melatonin Produced?
The pineal gland
What does Melatonin do?
Promotes relaxation and sleepiness
How is sleep measured?
Using an EEG
What is the Cycle of sleep?
5 stages every 90 minutes. 123432REM
When do Beta waves occur?
When awake and alert (15hz-30hz)
When do Alpha waves occur?
When relaxed and drowsy (8-12hz)
When are the characteristics of Stage 1?
Slower Theta waves (3.5-7.5 Hz), lasts a few minutes, may experience body jerks
When are the characteristics of Stage 2?
Muscles are more relaxed, breathing/heart rate slowed. More difficult to wake up, Sleep spindles
When are the characteristics of Stage 3?
Regular appearance of Delta waves begin
What are Stage 3 and 4 collectively known as?
Slow wave sleep, difficult to wake people up
What occurs in REM?
Rapid eye movement, high arousal, likely to report dreaming, typically involves sleep paralysis
What is Rem reboud?
As we experience less sleep, intervals of time spent in REM increase suggesting REM sleep in particularly important
What is the Restoration Model?
The idea that sleep recharges body allowing recover from mental/physical fatigue. why we sleep 10 minutes longer on days we exercise
What is the Evolutionary/Circadian models suggest on why we sleep?
Reference adaptive mechanisms (ex. conserving energy due to 10-25% lower metabolic rate while sleeping, avoid predators
What does the Two-Factor Model draw on?
The Restoration and Evolutionary/Circadian models
What is Insomnia?
Chronic difficulty in falling/staying asleep
What are Pseudo-Insomniacs?
People who believe they have insomnia but objectively sleep relatively normally
What stages does sleep walking occur?
Stage 3 or 4
What is REM-Sleep Behaviour Disorder?
Loss of muscle tone typically associated with REM stage is absent. Dreamer can act out dreams, hurting themselves/others
