Lecture 21

Question 1

What is Circadian Rhythm?

Answer 1

Daily biological cycles associated with various characteristics and physiological changes

Question 2

What correlates with Seasonal affective disorder?

Answer 2

Differences in latitude

Question 3

What does Suprachiasmatic Nuclei do?

Answer 3

SCN regulates circadian rhythms

Question 4

Where are Suprachiasmatic Nuclei located?

Answer 4

In the hypothalamus

Question 5

What does Suprachiasmatic Nuclei have connections to?

Answer 5

They eyes

Question 6

What does the Suprachiasmatic Nuclei do in relation to the eyes?

Answer 6

Uses light cues to help entrain (calibrate) the cycle and so loss of vision can disrupt your circadian rhythms

Question 7

What does Neurons of SCN do during the day?

Answer 7

They inhibit melatonin production

Question 8

Where is Melatonin Produced?

Answer 8

The pineal gland

Question 9

What does Melatonin do?

Answer 9

Promotes relaxation and sleepiness

Question 10

How is sleep measured?

Answer 10

Using an EEG

Question 11

What is the Cycle of sleep?

Answer 11

5 stages every 90 minutes. 123432REM

Question 12

When do Beta waves occur?

Answer 12

When awake and alert (15hz-30hz)

Question 13

When do Alpha waves occur?

Answer 13

When relaxed and drowsy (8-12hz)

Question 14

When are the characteristics of Stage 1?

Answer 14

Slower Theta waves (3.5-7.5 Hz), lasts a few minutes, may experience body jerks

Question 15

When are the characteristics of Stage 2?

Answer 15

Muscles are more relaxed, breathing/heart rate slowed. More difficult to wake up, Sleep spindles

Question 16

When are the characteristics of Stage 3?

Answer 16

Regular appearance of Delta waves begin

Question 17

What are Stage 3 and 4 collectively known as?

Answer 17

Slow wave sleep, difficult to wake people up

Question 18

What occurs in REM?

Answer 18

Rapid eye movement, high arousal, likely to report dreaming, typically involves sleep paralysis

Question 19

What is Rem reboud?

Answer 19

As we experience less sleep, intervals of time spent in REM increase suggesting REM sleep in particularly important

Question 20

What is the Restoration Model?

Answer 20

The idea that sleep recharges body allowing recover from mental/physical fatigue. why we sleep 10 minutes longer on days we exercise

Question 21

What is the Evolutionary/Circadian models suggest on why we sleep?

Answer 21

Reference adaptive mechanisms (ex. conserving energy due to 10-25% lower metabolic rate while sleeping, avoid predators

Question 22

What does the Two-Factor Model draw on?

Answer 22

The Restoration and Evolutionary/Circadian models

Question 23

What is Insomnia?

Answer 23

Chronic difficulty in falling/staying asleep

Question 24

What are Pseudo-Insomniacs?

Answer 24

People who believe they have insomnia but objectively sleep relatively normally

Question 25

What stages does sleep walking occur?

Answer 25

Stage 3 or 4

Question 26

What is REM-Sleep Behaviour Disorder?

Answer 26

Loss of muscle tone typically associated with REM stage is absent. Dreamer can act out dreams, hurting themselves/others