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Psychology 104 > Lecture 24 > Flashcards

Lecture 24 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Learning?

A

The process by which experience produces a relatively enduring change in behaviour or performance capabilities

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2
Q

What is the behaviourist solution to the problem of how to operationalize learning?

A

To measure ‘doing’ (not ‘knowing’) by relying on performance based metrics

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3
Q

What governs learning in all organisms?

A

Common principles

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4
Q

What is personal learning adaption?

A

Viewing learning as a personal adaption in response to the specifics of ones own environment

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5
Q

What is a preferred way to operationalize learning?

A

Performance

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6
Q

What are the two simple forms of learning that are very adaptive?

A

Habituation

Sensitization

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7
Q

What is Habituation?

A

Decrease in the strength of a response to a repeated stimulus

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8
Q

What is Sensitization?

A

Increase in the strength of a response to a repeated stimulus

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9
Q

What is an example of Classical conditioning?

A

Pavlov’s dogs

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10
Q

What does CC involve?

A

Learning to associate two stimuli, such that one stimulus come to elicit response originally produced by the other stimulus

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11
Q

What does Unconditioned stimuli elicit?

A

A reflecitive of innate response without prior learning

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12
Q

What does a conditions response elicit?

A

Through learning, comes to produce a CR similar to the original UCR

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13
Q

What is Acquisition?

A

The period of time in which a CC association is learned

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14
Q

What is considered a learning trial?

A

Each pairing of CS/UCS

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15
Q

What does the speed of Acquisition depend on?

A

The order/delay for the CS and the UCS presentation

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16
Q

What is an unconditioned stimulus?

A

A stimulus that innately elicits a respons

17
Q

What is conditions stimulus?

A

A stimulus that gains value through learning

18
Q

What is an unconditioned response?

A

A reflexitive unlearned response to an innately important stimulus

19
Q

What is a conditions response?

A

A response elicited by a stimulus whose importance depends on past learning

20
Q

What are the different types of acquisition?

A

Forward short delay
Forward trace
Simultaneous
Backward

21
Q

What happens in forward short delay?

A

CS presented first and remains, then UCS

22
Q

What happens in forward trace?

A

CS presented first the dissapears, then the UCS

23
Q

What happens in simultaneous?

A

CS and UCS presented at the same time

24
Q

What happens in backward?

A

CS is presented after the UCS

25
Q

What occurs when classically conditions responses are no longer relvant?

A

Extinction

26
Q

What is extinction is acquisition?

A

As the CS stops being pairs with UCS, the CR weakness, and eventually disappears

27
Q

What is Spontaneous recovery?

A

The appearance of a previously extinguished CR, in the absence of any learning trials

28
Q

What is Generalization?

A

Extension of classically conditioned association to another stimuli

29
Q

When does Discrimination occurs?

A

Occurs when CR elicited in response to one stimulus but not to another

30
Q

What do Generalization and Discrimination allow for?

A

Allow for organisms to leverage previous learning to anticipate consequences in novel situations and behave accordingly

31
Q

What is higher-order conditioning?

A

Chain of events involving multiple CS

32
Q

What is an example of higher order conditioning?

A

A neutral stimulus becomes a CS after being paired with another, already established, CS

33
Q

What is Exposure therapy?

A

Exposing patients to fearful/anxiety-provoking stimuli under neutral circumstances to promote extinction

34
Q

What is Aversion therapy?

A

Establishing a negative association with some stimuli that a patient wants to avoid ex. cigarettes

Psychology 104 (33 decks)

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