Lecture 28

Question 1

What does Long Term memory refer to?

Answer 1

Refers to information that has been successfully encoded and stored in our cognitive system remaining available for retrieval at a later time

Question 2

What is the limit of LTM?

Answer 2

There isn’t one. But there is one for STM/WM

Question 3

What does the Serial Position curve refer to?

Answer 3

The superior memory typically found for information information presented at the beginning, and end of list

Question 4

What is the Recency effect?

Answer 4

Later items are remembered better

Question 5

What is the Primary effect?

Answer 5

Earlier items are remembered better. Attributed to STM

Question 6

What is the Primary effect attributed to?

Answer 6

Information that has be transferred to LTM

Question 7

What has a greater likelihood of retrieval?

Answer 7

Long term memory

Question 8

What is encoding?

Answer 8

Transition of STM to LTM

Question 9

What are the two types of encoding?

Answer 9

Automatic processing

Effortful processing

Question 10

What is automatic processing?

Answer 10

Unintentional requires minimal attention

Question 11

What is Effortful processing?

Answer 11

Intentional, requires focussed attention

Question 12

What does Depth of Processing increase?

Answer 12

Recognition

Question 13

What are the factors of DOP?

Answer 13

Structural
Phonemic
Semantic

Question 14

How does Hierarchies work in remembering?

Answer 14

Emphasizes associations between concept
Assists with understanding how elements are related
Can also provide visually-based representations

Question 15

What are some type of memory aids?

Answer 15

Mnemonic devices
Acronyms
Method of Loci

Question 16

What is MEthod of Loci?

Answer 16

Using imaginary physical environment and placement of images

Question 17

What does Dual Coding theory predict?

Answer 17

Better memory for information encoded using both verbal and visually based representations

Question 18

What are Schemas?

Answer 18

Mental Framework or an organized pattern of though

Question 19

What do Schemas create?

Answer 19

Perceptual sets which help to organize and interpret information

Question 20

What affects schema development?

Answer 20

Expertise knowledge

Question 21

What is the associative network?

Answer 21

Where ideas and concepts become related to each other in varying degrees

Question 22

What is a node?

Answer 22

Each concept/init of information in the associative network

Question 23

What is Spreading activation?

Answer 23

When one concept is retrieved in an associative network, other concepts can become unintentionally activated

Question 24

What is Priming?

Answer 24

The indirect activation of one specific concept that can automatically occur when another related concept is retrieved

Question 25

What are Retrieval cues?

Answer 25

Stimuli that lead to activation of information stored in LTM

Question 26

What usually causes memory failures?

Answer 26

Retrieval problems

Question 27

What is the Encoding specificity principle?

Answer 27

Memory enhanced when conditions present during retrieval match those present during encoding

Question 28

What is Context-Dependant memory?

Answer 28

Easier to remember something in the same environment where it was encoded

Question 29

What is Mood-congruent recall?

Answer 29

Tending to recall information or events congruent with current mood

Question 30

What is State-Dependant Memory?

Answer 30

The ability to retrieve better when internal state at retrieval matches that at encoding

Question 31

What is Decay theory?

Answer 31

The physical trace of memory itself actually breaks down overtime