Lecture 28 Flashcards
What does Long Term memory refer to?
Refers to information that has been successfully encoded and stored in our cognitive system remaining available for retrieval at a later time
What is the limit of LTM?
There isn’t one. But there is one for STM/WM
What does the Serial Position curve refer to?
The superior memory typically found for information information presented at the beginning, and end of list
What is the Recency effect?
Later items are remembered better
What is the Primary effect?
Earlier items are remembered better. Attributed to STM
What is the Primary effect attributed to?
Information that has be transferred to LTM
What has a greater likelihood of retrieval?
Long term memory
What is encoding?
Transition of STM to LTM
What are the two types of encoding?
Automatic processing
Effortful processing
What is automatic processing?
Unintentional requires minimal attention
What is Effortful processing?
Intentional, requires focussed attention
What does Depth of Processing increase?
Recognition
What are the factors of DOP?
Structural
Phonemic
Semantic
How does Hierarchies work in remembering?
Emphasizes associations between concept
Assists with understanding how elements are related
Can also provide visually-based representations
What are some type of memory aids?
Mnemonic devices
Acronyms
Method of Loci
What is MEthod of Loci?
Using imaginary physical environment and placement of images
What does Dual Coding theory predict?
Better memory for information encoded using both verbal and visually based representations
What are Schemas?
Mental Framework or an organized pattern of though
What do Schemas create?
Perceptual sets which help to organize and interpret information
What affects schema development?
Expertise knowledge
What is the associative network?
Where ideas and concepts become related to each other in varying degrees
What is a node?
Each concept/init of information in the associative network
What is Spreading activation?
When one concept is retrieved in an associative network, other concepts can become unintentionally activated
What is Priming?
The indirect activation of one specific concept that can automatically occur when another related concept is retrieved
What are Retrieval cues?
Stimuli that lead to activation of information stored in LTM
What usually causes memory failures?
Retrieval problems
What is the Encoding specificity principle?
Memory enhanced when conditions present during retrieval match those present during encoding
What is Context-Dependant memory?
Easier to remember something in the same environment where it was encoded
What is Mood-congruent recall?
Tending to recall information or events congruent with current mood
What is State-Dependant Memory?
The ability to retrieve better when internal state at retrieval matches that at encoding
What is Decay theory?
The physical trace of memory itself actually breaks down overtime
