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Psychology 104 > Lecture 25 > Flashcards

Lecture 25 Flashcards

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1
Q

What question did Edward Thorndike attempt to answer?

A

How do we learn new behaviours

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2
Q

What did Edward Thorndike use?

A

A puzzle box

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3
Q

What is the Law of Effect?

A

Responses that are followed by satisfying consequences are more likely to reoccur

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4
Q

What is Operant Conditioning?

A

A type of learning in which behavior is influenced by it’s consequences

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5
Q

What is a Skinner Box?

A

A device designed by BF skinner to automatically reinforce certain actions while keeping a record of behavior

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6
Q

What are the two components of a skinner box?

A

Reinforcement

Punishment

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7
Q

What is Skinners ABC?

A

Antecedent
Behaviour
Consequence

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8
Q

What is Antecedent?

A

A stimulus is presented before behavior occurs

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9
Q

What is Behaviour?

A

Something the organism does

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10
Q

What is Consequence?

A

Something that follows from the behavior

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11
Q

What is Classical Conditioning?

A

Involved learning an association between two stimuli (CS-UCS) that occur before a particular behavior

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12
Q

What is Operant Conditioning?

A

Involved learning an association between a particular behaviour and consequence, with the consequence occuring after the behaviour

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13
Q

What is Positive Reinforcment?

A

When a response is strengthened by presentation of a pleasant/desired stimulus

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14
Q

What is Negative reinforcement?

A

Response is strengthened by removal of an aversive stimulus

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15
Q

What is Positive punishment?

A

Weakening a response by introducing something unpleasant (spanking, nagging)

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16
Q

What happens as a result of positive punishment?

A

Can encourage people to simply find ways to hide their behavior rather than strictly eliminating it

17
Q

What is Negative Punishment?

A

Weakening response by removal of something valued (e.g. TV, bike)

18
Q

What are Primary Reinforcers?

A

Stimuli that are reinforcing because they satisfy/disrupt biological needs (food, pain)

19
Q

What are Secondary Reinforcers?

A

Acquire reinforcing properties through association with primary reinforcers (money, tokens)

20
Q

When should Reinforcement/Punishment occur to have the strongest effect?

A

Immediately after the behaviour

21
Q

What is Delay of Gratification?

A

The ability to forego an immediate smaller reward for a delayed but more satisfying outcome

22
Q

What is Operant Extinction?

A

Weakening/disappearance of operant response if no longer reinforced

23
Q

What is Operant Generalization?

A

Operant response extended to new antecedent stimulus/situation

24
Q

What is Operant Discrimination?

A

Operant response withheld from new antecedent stimulus/situation

25
Q

What is Shaping?

A

When the behavior of an organisms is already able to do that somehow resembles the eventual goal but is much easier

26
Q

What is Chaining?

A

When a very specific sequence of responses is reinforced in steps

27
Q

What is Fixed Schedule?

A

When reinforcement is entirely predictable

28
Q

What is Fixed Ratio?

A

Reinforcement occurs after completing a constant number of responses

29
Q

What is Fixed Interval?

A

Reinforcement is available after a constant length of time

30
Q

What is Variable Schedule?

A

When reinforcement is not predictable

31
Q

What is Variable Ratio?

A

Reinforcement occurs after a changing number of responses

32
Q

What is Variable Interval?

A

Reinforcement is available after a changing length of time

33
Q

What is Continuous reinforcment?

A

When every response of a particular type is reinforced

34
Q

What is Partial Reinforcment?

A

When only some responses are reinforced

Psychology 104 (33 decks)

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