Lecture 2 Flashcards
What is Behavior?
Directly observable activity e.g. actions, responses
What is Mind?
Internal states and mental processes e.g. memory, problem solving, motivation
What is Psychology?
The scientific study of behaviour and the mind
What is Animal Behaviour Psychology?
Study of non-human species in natural or laboratory environments
What is Cognitive and Behavioural neuroscience?
Examination of brain and hormonal processes that underlie behaviour.
What is Clinical Psychology?
Diagnoses and treatment of psychological disorders and research on disorders and effectiveness
What is Cognitive Psychology?
The study of mental processes such as memory, problem solving, planning, consciousness and language
what is Counselling?
Consultation with clients on issues of person adjustment, career planning and aptitude testing
What is Cultural/Cross Cultural counselling?
the study of cultural transmission, psychological similarities and differences among people from different cultures
What is Developmental Psychology?
The study of physical mental, emotional development across a lifespan
What is Educational Psychology?
Study of psychological aspects of the educational process
What is Experimental Psychology?
Research on basic processes such as learning , perception and motivation
What is industrial/organization psychology?
Examination of behaviour in work settings. Morale, performance and job applicants and machines
What is Personality Psychology?
The study of individual differences in personality and their effects on behaviour
What is Quantitive Psychology?
Measurement issues and data analysis; development of mathematical models of behaviour
What is Social Psychology?
Examination of how the social environment influences behaviour, thoughts and feelings
What are the 4 goals of psychology?
- Describe behaviour and mental processes
- Explain/understand causes of these behaviours
- Predict behaviours
- Influence/control behaviours under certain conditions
What are the 2 types of research?
Basic Research
Applied Research
What is Basic Research?
Knowledge for its own sake e.g. what does the human ear do in response to sound waves that allow us to hear them
What is Applied Research?
Solutions to practical problems e.g. how can our knowledge of the human ear help us to create a device that can help someone who is losing hearing
What are the Levels of Analysis?
Biological e.g. brain processes, genetic influences
Psychological e.g. thoughts, feelings, motives
Environmental e.g. past/current physical and social environments
What is Empirical Evidence?
Evidence gained through experience and observation
what is the Scientific Method?
Systematically gathering and evaluating empirical evidence
What is Folk Psychology?
Commonly held beliefs the average person has about people, psychological processes and behaviour
what does Folk Psychology rely on?
Observation and Anecdotal evidence
What are the 3 errors of judgement?
Heuristics
Failing to consider alternative explanations
Confirmation Bias
What is Heuristics?
Metal Shortcuts
What is Confirmation Bias?
Selectively looking for evidence that confirms your prior beliefs
What can help to minimize errors of judgement?
Taking a scientific approach
What is Critical thinking?
Taking an active role in evaluating information you are presented with
What are the questions you ask in critical thinking?
What is the claim? Is the source credible? What's the evidence? Are there other explanations? What is the appropriate conclusion?
