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Psychology 104 > Lecture 19 > Flashcards

Lecture 19 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Olfaction?

A

Smell

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2
Q

Where are the neurotransmitters for smell found?

A

In the upper nasal cavity

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3
Q

Where are signals from the upper nasal cavity sent?

A

The olfactory bulb

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4
Q

What special about the olfactory bulb?

A

It is one of the continually active sites of neurogenesis

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5
Q

How odours recognized?

A

Diverse and complex odours are coded/recognized as individual distinct rather than a mixture of basic dimensions

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6
Q

What are Phermones?

A

Chemical signals found in natural body scents

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7
Q

What can pheromones serve as?

A

Adaptive purposes (warnings, navigation, mating, etc.)

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8
Q

What do touch receptors detect?

A

Pressure, pain, and temperature

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9
Q

Where are signals from touch receptors sent to?

A

The somatic sensory cortex

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10
Q

What is pressure detected by?

A

Nerve fibres at base of hair follicles

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11
Q

What is Pain and Temperature detected by?

A

Free nerve ending receptors beneath skin’s surface

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12
Q

What does Gate Control theory suggest?

A

Pain results from opening/closing of gating mechanisms, spinal cord gates neural impulses en route to brain (increases/decreases the signal)

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13
Q

Where are gate signals relayed to?

A

The thalamus and continue on to various regions (somatic sensory cortex, frontal areas, limbic system, etc)

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14
Q

What factors can affect gating and thus perception?

A

Psychological: thoughts, emotions, beliefs, actions
Physiological: endorphins

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15
Q

What is Kinethesis?

A

Feedback about muscles and joint positions

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16
Q

What is Kinethesis important for?

A

Action

17
Q

What are receptors for Kinethesis?

A

Nerve endings in muscles, joints, and tendons. Visual feedback is also relevan

18
Q

What does the Vestibular system provide?

A

Information related to sense and balance/spatial orientation

19
Q

What do the 3 Semicircular canals contain?

A

Receptors for head movements

20
Q

What head movements to semicircular canals contain receptors for?

A

Left/Right
Backwards/Forwards
Up/Down

21
Q

What do Vestibular sacs respond to?

A

Position of body

22
Q

What do Vestibular sacs indicates?

A

Whether the body is upright or at angle

23
Q

What is Bottom-up Processing?

A

Relatively automatic analysis of individual elements of stimulus which are combined into unified whole, typically relates to basic stimuli properties (colour, shape, etc.)

24
Q

What is Bottom up processing associated with?

A

Transduction at receptor sites (rods and cones for vision, hair cells for hearing)

25
Q

What is Top down processing?

A

Modulating role of existing knowledge, concepts ideas, expectations etc. that affect how things are perceived and interpreted, what meaning is drawn etc.

26
Q

What are the two primary roles for attention?

A

Focusing on specific information deemed more relevant

Filtering out other information deemed less relevant

27
Q

What is Inattentional blindness?

A

Refers to situations in which we fail to notice things that are right in front of us

28
Q

What is Change blindness?

A

Situations in which we fail to notice what may be considered relatively obvious changes

29
Q

What predicts how we perceive stimuli?

A

Gestalt laws of perceptual organization

30
Q

How is Similarity perceived?

A

Grouping by feature

31
Q

How is Proximity perceived?

A

Grouping by closeness

32
Q

How is closure perceived?

A

Close/open edges boundaries

33
Q

How is continuity perceived?

A

Elements linked ti form continuous line

34
Q

What is Figure?

A

Distinct shape, typically focal point of scenes

35
Q

What is Ground?

A

Typically not the focal point of scenes (the background)

36
Q

What does Perceptual

schemas refer to?

A

Mental representation or image, with which we compare stimuli to for recognition purposes

37
Q

What does Perceptual Schemas refer to?

A

Mental representation or image

38
Q

What do Perceptual constancies refer to?

A

Our tendency to recognize objects perceived in slightly different contexts as being the same

Psychology 104 (33 decks)

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