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KIN 207 > Lecture 4 > Flashcards

Lecture 4 Flashcards

1
Q

1st trimester:

A
  • weeks 0-12

- embryonic + start of fetal

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2
Q

2nd trimester:

A
  • weeks 13-26

- fetal

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3
Q

3rd trimester:

A

weeks 27-39/40

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4
Q

By the end of the 1st trimester, what is developed?

A
  • eyes, ears, nose, mouth, digits
  • sex externally recognizable
  • head very large
  • brain configuration nearly complete
  • blood forming in bone marrow
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5
Q

By the end of the 2nd trimester, what is developed?

A
  • respiratory like movements begin
  • motor activity
  • scalp hair present
  • heart muscle developed
  • myelination of spinal cord
  • cerebral cortex layers formed
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6
Q

By the end of the 3rd trimester, what is developed?

A
  • fat tissue, more round
  • skin smooth with pinkish tone
  • moderate hair on head
  • light receptive
  • taste
  • ossification
  • myelination of brain
  • pulmonary branching 2/3 complete
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7
Q

Premature kids often have _____ issues.

A

respiratory

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8
Q

When is the earliest time you can see the process of differentiation of cells?

A

formation of germ layers

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9
Q

3 germ layers:

A
  • ectoderm (skin, nervous system)
  • mesoderm (muscle tissue)
  • endoderm (internal organs)
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10
Q

Hyperplasia:

A

one cell becomes lots of cells

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11
Q

Hypertrophy:

A

one cell gets big

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12
Q

Cephalocaudal:

A
  • head to toe

- head starts growing before toes

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13
Q

Proximodistal:

A
  • near and far

- things closer to the trunk develop faster

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14
Q

What are some heritable (genetic) impairments?

A
  • down syndrome

- dwarfism

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15
Q

Down syndrome:

A
  • trisomy 21
  • extra chromosome
  • can be stature, can change expected trajectory
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16
Q

What are some substances pregnant women are told to avoid?

A
  • alcohol
  • smoking
  • certain types of fish/seafood
  • caffeine (depends on culture, BP issues, withdrawal)
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17
Q

What environments or situations are pregnant women encouraged to avoid?

A
  • x rays

- any kind of radiation that may interfere with cells that are dividing rapidly

18
Q

What substances or supplements are women encouraged to take during pregnancy?

A

folic acid

19
Q

_____ curves are important for predicting height.

A

growth

20
Q

falling outside the ____ percentile is an issue.

A

3rd

21
Q

As you get older, the lines in a growth curve ____ ___ due to..

A
  • spread out
  • individual variation
  • less predictable
22
Q

Variance can be seen in a growth curve through…

A

how much space between lines

23
Q

If you’re in the 15th percentile at age 2, you should…

A
  • continues along the 15th percentile

- moving up is not a good thing, childhood obesity

24
Q

Slope of lines in a growth curve =

A

velocity

25
Q

In velocity curves for height, peak happens earlier for ____ than ____.

A

girls than boys

26
Q

Age of take off in girls for velocity curves for height:

A

10

27
Q

Age of take off in boys for velocity curves for height:

A

11.5

28
Q

In general, peak height velocity tends to be higher for _____ than _____.

A
  • boys than girls

- part of the reason why boys end up being taller than girls

29
Q

Late maturers on average are ______.

A
  • taller

- the earlier you hit your peak height velocity, the earlier you shut down growth

30
Q

Weight tends to follow ____ pattern.

A

sigmoid

31
Q

Weight is susceptible to ____ factors, especially ____ and _____.

A
  • extrinsic
  • diet
  • exercise
32
Q

People tend to _____, then _____. What does this mean?

A
  • grow in height
  • fill out
  • peak weight velocity follows peak height velocity
33
Q

When looking for scoliosis, we look for…

A
  • ossification ridge at top of pelvis

- immature development

34
Q

Catch up growth:

A
  • have growth faltering
  • trajectory deviates from typical curve
  • growth stunting
35
Q

Growth stunting:

A

if you can detect this early enough and can change the environment, they will regrow and get back to where they should have been

36
Q

What is the controversy with catch up growth?

A

whether this happens after the age of 2

37
Q

Prenatal development is influenced by _____ and _____ factors.

A
  • genetic

- extrinsic

38
Q

Most extrinsic factors are influential through…

A

the nourishment system

39
Q

Growth abnormalities can be caused by…

A
  • genes
  • environment
  • both
40
Q

Whole-body growth follows a ______ pattern.

A
  • sigmoid

- with timing differences between the sexes and among individuals

41
Q

With advancing age, _____ factors contribute more to individual variability.

A

extrinsic

KIN 207 (27 decks)

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