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KIN 207 > CP 1 > Flashcards

CP 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Cerebral Palsy:

A
  • cerebral cortex damaged

- paralysis, especially that which is accompanied by involuntary tremors

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2
Q

Little’s disease:

A

congenital spastic stiffness of the limbs

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3
Q

Symptoms of Little’s disease:

A
  • weakness of muscles (hypotonia), difficulty walking
  • convulsions, athetosis, exaggerated reflexes
  • not reaching motor milestones
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4
Q

Causes of Little’s disease:

A
  • birth trauma
  • fetal anoxia
  • maternal illness
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5
Q

Athetosis:

A
  • movement disorder
  • ongoing continuous movement of limbs
  • often affects hands
  • ability for manual dexterity and fine skills are often compromised
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6
Q

Little’s disease is not always associated with ____ _____.

A

cognitive impairment

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7
Q

Key words in Bax’s definition of CP.

A
  • group
  • permanent
  • non-progressive
  • fetal or infant brain
  • development
  • secondary musculoskeletal problems (from dystonia, athetosis)
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8
Q

CP is a ____ descriptive term, not a _____ _____.

A
  • clinical

- aetiological diagnosis

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9
Q

What are the 2 ways to classify CP?

A
  • by type

- by ability and function

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10
Q

Describe CP by type.

A
  • traditional

- motor and associated impairments with anatomical and radiological findings

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11
Q

Who uses CP by type?

A

PTs

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12
Q

Describe CP by ability and function.

A
  • biopsychosocial

- functional capacity in everyday setting for gross and manual motor skills

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13
Q

Who uses CP by ability and function?

A

OTs

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14
Q

What are the 3 motor abnormalities and what % proportion do they make up?

A
  • spasticity 70-80%
  • dyskinesia 10-20%
  • ataxia 5-10%
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15
Q

What are the 3 types of spasticity?

A
  • diplegia
  • quadriplegia
  • hemiplegia
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16
Q

What are the 2 types of dyskinesia?

A
  • dystonia

- athetosis

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17
Q

Quadriplegia:

A

all 4 limbs

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18
Q

Diplegia:

A

legs are primarily affected

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19
Q

Hemiplegia:

A

one side of the body affected

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20
Q

Dystonia:

A
  • constant static awkward postures

- neck is stuck in a awkward position

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21
Q

What part of the brain is affected with spasticity?

A

white matter

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22
Q

What part of the brain is affected with dyskinesia?

A

basal ganglia

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23
Q

Ataxia:

A
  • hypertonic, take a long time to get to walk
  • not very good reflex
  • spread legs far apart, bend over
  • flat footed, wide base of support
  • shuffle gait
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24
Q

What part of the brain is affected with ataxia?

A
  • cerebellum

- responsible for coordination

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25
Q

Need to be ____ tone to have CP. Need _____ ____.

A
  • spastic tone

- physical examination

26
Q

Non-motor characteristics of CP:

A
  • sensory problems: hearing or vision impairments
  • seizures (50%), sleep disorders
  • attention, behaviour, communication and/or cognitive
27
Q

Which of the following is NOT a non-motor characteristic associated with CP? Seizures, attention, pain, hearing impairments

A
  • pain
  • kids with dystonia can get diffuse musculoskeletal pain
  • secondary complaint
28
Q

When we perform functional motor assessment, what are things to keep in mind?

A
  • pick the right age group
  • pick the right level
  • facilitate the best possible function
29
Q

In gross motor function classification system we note…

A

child’s current abilities and strengths in sitting, standing and walking

30
Q

In gross motor function classification system, we divide into ___ age groups.

A

5

31
Q

In gross motor function classification system, there is ___ levels for each age.

A

5

32
Q

In manual ability classification system, we assess the ability to…

A

use hands for daily function

33
Q

We use the manual ability classification system for what age range?

A

4-18

34
Q

How many levels of classification are there for the manual ability classification system?

A

5 levels for classification

35
Q

GMFCS level 1:

A
  • walk, climb stairs without limitation
  • running jumping
  • speed, balance, coordination are impaired
36
Q

GMFCS level 2:

A
  • climb stairs holding onto railing

- limitations walking on uneven surfaces and inclines, walking in crowds, confined spaces

37
Q

GMFCS level 3:

A
  • level surface with assistive mobility device
  • may climb stairs with railing
  • manual wheelchair
38
Q

GMFCS level 4:

A
  • walk short distance with walker

- wheeled mobility

39
Q

GMFCS level 5:

A
  • physical impairment restricts voluntary control of movement and ability to maintain antigravity head and trunk postures
  • all areas of motor function limited
  • no means of independent mobility
40
Q

MACS level 1:

A

handles objects easily and successfully

41
Q

MACS level 2:

A
  • handles most objects

- somewhat reduced quality and/or speed of achievement

42
Q

MACS level 3:

A
  • handles objects with difficulty

- needs help to prepare and/or modify activities

43
Q

MACS level 4:

A

handles a limited selection of easily managed objects in adapted situations

44
Q

MACS level 5:

A
  • does not handle objects

- severely limited ability to perform even simple actions

45
Q

CP is a _____ _____ term, not a ______ _____.

A
  • clinical descriptive

- aetiological diagnosis

46
Q

What is the causal factor for CP?

A
  • no one causal factor

- synergism of many things that often starts in utero

47
Q

What are the 3 time periods?

A
  • antenatal
  • perinatal
  • postnatal
48
Q

Antenatal:

A

in-utero

49
Q

Perinatal:

A

when you’re being born

50
Q

Postnatal:

A
  • after you’re born

- approx to 1 year of age

51
Q

Name risk factors in antenatal period. What % of CP does it make up?

A
  • prematurity and low birth weight
  • intrauterine infections
  • multiple gestation
  • pregnancy complications
  • 70-80% of CP
52
Q

Name risk factors in perinatal period. What % of CP does it make up?

A
  • birth asphyxia
  • complicated labour and delivery
  • 10% of CP
53
Q

Name risk factors in postnatal period.

A
  • non-accidental injury
  • head trauma
  • meningitis/encephalitis
  • cardio-pulmonary arrest
54
Q

Name protective factors in obstetrical care that can cause CP.

A
  • magnesium sulfate
  • antibiotics
  • corticosteroids
55
Q

Describe how low birthweight is associated with high risk of CP.

A
  • 1500g
  • 2500g risk goes back up to normal population
  • associated with amount of time in-utero and growth problems
  • twins at higher risk of CP
56
Q

existing cases in a population ____, vs the # of new cases relative to a birth cohort (___ _____ _____)

A
  • stable

- can change rapidly

57
Q

Prevalence is important for…

A

service provision and resource allocation

58
Q

Estimated ___ per _____ live births (Western world).

A

2/1000

59
Q

Those born < 1500 g in Ireland prevalence:

A

39/1000

60
Q

Those born >2500 g prevalence:

A

1.3/1000

KIN 207 (27 decks)

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