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KIN 207 > Chapter 15: Lecture > Flashcards

Chapter 15: Lecture Flashcards

1
Q

During brief intense activity, _____ _____ and _____ _____ are depleted. Such activity is termed ______ (without _____).

A
  • oxygen reserves
  • energy sources
  • anaerobic
  • oxygen
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2
Q

As exercise period lengthens, ______ system contributes less and _____ system takes over.

A
  • anaerobic

- aerobic

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3
Q

In anaerobic performance, tasks are ____ s long.

A

10-30

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4
Q

Measures for assessing aerobic performance:

A
  • total work output
  • peak power, mean power
  • normalized to body mass (kg)
  • anaerobic capacity
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5
Q

Possible field tests for assessing anaerobic performance:

A
  • 50 m sprint

- sprinting flight of stairs

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6
Q

Describe changes in anaerobic performance.

A
  • normalize to kg, graph still goes up

- therefore there are more factors than just increased body mass

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7
Q

Once adult body size is attained, anaerobic performance is _____.

A

stable

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8
Q

Improvement in anaerobic performance in adulthood reflects….

A

training alone

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9
Q

In older adulthood, a loss of ____ ____ can result in declining _____ performance.

A
  • muscle mass

- anaerobic

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10
Q

Who can improve anaerobic performance with anaerobic training?

A
  • preadolescent and adolescent boys

- one study found improvements in prepubescent girls

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11
Q

Master athletes who train sufficiently _____ anaerobic performance as they age.

A

maintain

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12
Q

Anaerobic training effects before and after puberty:

A
  • smaller changes in hypertrophy prior to puberty

- bigger changes in strength and hypertrophy after puberty

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13
Q

During a prolonged period of submaximal activity, the following responses occur:

A
  • oxidative breakdown of food stores

- depletion of local energy reserves

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14
Q

Physiological responses to prolonged exercise: body increases…to deliver _____ to muscles.

A
  • heart and respiratory rates
  • cardiac output (HR &/or SV)
  • oxygen uptake
  • oxygen
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15
Q

Assessment of aerobic performance may be _____.

A

graded (get more intense in stages)

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16
Q

The effort in assessing aerobic performance can be ____ or ____.

A
  • maximal

- submaximal

17
Q

Maximal oxygen uptake is often measured to…

A

see how efficiently participant uses oxygen

18
Q

Aerobic performance is the largest amount of ….

A

oxygen the body can consume during aerobic work in a minute

19
Q

Changes in VO2 max: growth/maturation relationship to kg:

A
  • normalize to kg: graph goes flat/down

- therefore body growth accounts for changes in VO2 max

20
Q

Recovery of HR after exercise is faster in _____ due to….

A
  • children

- higher parasympathetic tone

21
Q

Changes in youth endurance performance:

A
  • girls change in steady fashion

- boys steady between year 1, 2, then big change

22
Q

Average maximal oxygen uptake per kg of body weight falls about ____% per year after the ___s.

A
  • 1%

- 20s

23
Q

_____ and ____ adults maintain higher maximal oxygen uptake than do _____ adults.

A
  • athletic
  • active
  • sedentary
24
Q

Cardiovascular changes in adulthood:

A
  • loss of cardiac muscle
  • loss of elasticity in cardiac muscle
  • thickening of left ventricle
  • fibrotic changes in valves
  • loss of elasticity in major blood vessels
  • maximum achievable HR with exercise declines
  • stroke volume in some older adults declines
  • cardiac output declines
25
Q

Respiratory changes in adulthood:

A
  • elasticity of lung tissue declines
  • vital capacity decreases, especially in smokers
  • oxygen-CO2 exchange loses efficiency
26
Q

Muscular changes in adulthood:

A
  • loss of mass

- decreased arteriovenous oxygen difference

27
Q

Respiratory adaptations to endurance training:

A
  • enhanced O2 exchange in lungs
  • improved blood flow through lungs
  • decreased submaximal respiratory rate
  • decreased submaximal pulmonary ventilation
28
Q

Cardiovascular adaptations to endurance training:

A
  • increased cardiac output
  • increase blood volume, RBC count, and hemoglobin concentration
  • enhanced blood flow to skeletal muscle
  • reduced submaximal HR
  • improved thermoregulation
29
Q

Musculoskeletal adaptations to endurance training:

A
  • increased mitochondrial size and density
  • increased oxidative enzyme concentrations
  • increased myoglobin concentrations
  • increased capilarization in muscle bed
  • increased O2 difference between arterial and venous blood
30
Q

When looking at training effect in children, ____ ____ and ____ level must be considered.

A
  • growth status

- maturation

31
Q

Trigger hypothesis holds that…

A

the hormonal levels of puberty are necessary for substantial training effect

32
Q

Aerobic training yields ____ improvements at best in ______.

A
  • small

- preadolescents

33
Q

Aerobic training yields _____ improvements after ____.

A
  • significant

- puberty

34
Q

The 5 S’s of trainability:

A
  1. speed
  2. skill
  3. suppleness
  4. strength
  5. stamina
35
Q

Cardiorespiratory endurance improves with ____ ____.

A

body growth

36
Q

Training, especially after _____, improves _____.

A
  • puberty

- endurance

37
Q

If training is not maintained…

A

benefits will reverse

38
Q

Gender differences exist after _____.

A

puberty

KIN 207 (27 decks)

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