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KIN 207 > Lecture 2 > Flashcards

Lecture 2 Flashcards

1
Q

3 theories of motor development:

A
  • maturational perspective
  • information processing perspective
  • ecological perspective
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2
Q

In the maturational perspective, motor development is driven by…

A

maturation of systems (neural system important)

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3
Q

Maturational perspective has _____ influence of environment.

A

minimal

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4
Q

2 characteristics of motor development in maturational perspective:

A
  • qualitative

- discontinuous

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5
Q

In the 1930s, _____ and _____ suggested _____, _____ determined sequence of development (individuals can have _____ _____).

A
  • Gesell and McGraw
  • invariable
  • genetically determined
  • unique timing
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6
Q

Research done by Gesell and McGraw:

A

Co-twin control strategy

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7
Q

McGraw (1935) associated motor development changes with…

A

development of nervous system

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8
Q

McGraw assumed that advancement in _____ triggers appearance of a ____ ____.

A
  • CNS

- new skill

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9
Q

What are the 4 long-lasting beliefs from maturation theory?

A
  • basic motor skills emerge automatically
  • there is no need for special training
  • mild deprivation does not arrest development
  • the nervous system is most important
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10
Q

McGraw’s study:

A

A study of Johnny and Jimmy

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11
Q

Describe Johnny and Jimmy study.

A
  • fraternal twins

- Johnny gets special attention

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12
Q

In the Johnny and Jimmy study, does special attention change the rate of motor development?

A

??

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13
Q

Basic tenet of information processing:

A

brain like a complex computer

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14
Q

Information processing says that the _____ human responds to _____ in the _____.

A
  • passive
  • stimuli
  • environment
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15
Q

Information processing research investigates:

A
  • stimulus-response links
  • feedback
  • knowledge of results
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16
Q

In information processing, ____ ____ often studied first as a basis of comparison for performance of ____ and ____ _____.

A
  • young adults
  • children
  • older adults
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17
Q

In the ecological perspective, development is driven by….

A

interrelationship of individual, environmental, and task (importance of multiple systems)

18
Q

According to the ecological perspective, the _____ system is one of many responsible for action like….

A
  • neural

- cardiovascular, skeletomuscular, endocrine

19
Q

In the ecological perspective, what else could be responsible for action?

A

ecosystem and social context

20
Q

What are the 2 branches of the ecological perspective?

A
  • dynamic systems

- perception-action

21
Q

In the dynamic systems, ____ _____ of the body doesn’t need _____ (_____).

A
  • physical properties
  • brain
  • biomechanics
22
Q

The dynamic systems believe that body systems…

A
  • spontaneously self-organize

- not driven solely by CNS

23
Q

Dynamic systems believe that ____, ____, and ____ interact.

A
  • body systems
  • performer’s environment
  • task demands
24
Q

Dynamic systems believe that some systems may develop….. thus control ….

A
  • more slowly in the young or degrade faster in the old

- rate of development of change

25
Q

In dynamic systems, development is characterized by _____ and _____ change.

A
  • qualitative

- discontinuous

26
Q

In the dynamic systems, change occurs …

A

across the life span

27
Q

Perception-action theory is based on the work of _____ (dates______).

A
  • J. J. Gibson

- 1960s and 1970s

28
Q

Affordance:

A
  • the function an environment object provides to an individual
  • associated with perception-action theory
29
Q

Affordance means that _____ define ______ meanings.

A
  • characteristics

- object’s

30
Q

In affordance, object functions are based on…

A

individuals’ intrinsic dimensions (ie are body scaled) rather than object’s extrinsic, objective dimensions

31
Q

Give an example of body scaling.

A
  • smaller racquets for 4-10 year olds

- strike for speed and accuracy

32
Q

Both branches of the ecological perspective reject ____ as executive controller of nearly ______ opportunities for movement.

A
  • CNS

- limitless

33
Q

According to the ecological perspective, ____ is distributed throughout the body at both _____ and _____ levels.

A
  • control

- global and local

34
Q

The ecological perspective allows for…

A
  • new types of experiments

- new ways of thinking about old questions

35
Q

Describe how dynamic systems use biomechanics.

A
  • constraints from physical body
  • biomechanics interact with nervous system
  • body will move in a natural way biomechanically, nervous system doesn’t have to tell the body what to do all the time
36
Q

Give an example of affordance.

A
  • size of things
  • looking to sit in a kid’s chair
  • doesn’t immediately afford a 2 year old to sit on big chair
37
Q

Ideomotor apraxia:

A
  • what we think of as affordance, these people don’t
  • impaired motor performance when gestures are performed (through sensory, motor, language systems intact)
  • do not perform the appropriate action in response to a visually presented object
  • ex. brushing teeth with fork
38
Q

Dynamic systems consider _____, while perception-action considers _____.

A
  • rate limiters/controllers

- affordance, body scaling

39
Q

Who is a key player in information processing?

A

Pavlov

40
Q

What is the difference between information processing and maturationists?

A
  • maturationists: not interested after puberty

- info processing: after puberty = pinacle (look at either side and ascend/descend from this)

41
Q

What does discontinuous development mean in the maturational perspective?

A

kid can’t do something and all of a sudden they can

KIN 207 (27 decks)

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