Lec Test 1 CH4

Question 1

What are the smallest “the functional unit of the body”

Answer 1

cell

Question 2

Three main structural features of a cell

Answer 2

Plasma membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm

Question 3

the cell membrane that forms the outer, limiting barrier separating the internal contents of the cell from the external environment

Answer 3

Plasma membrane

Question 4

the largest structure within the cell and is enclosed by a nuclear envelope

Answer 4

Nucleus

Question 5

a general term for all cellular contents located between the plasma membrane and the nucleus

Answer 5

Cytoplasm

Question 6

The fluid within the nucleus is called

Answer 6

nucleoplasm

Question 7

Modified extensions of the plasma membrane include

Answer 7

cilia, a flagellum, and microvilli

Question 8

The three primary components of the cytoplasm are

Answer 8

cytosol, organelles, and inclusions

Question 9

Organelles enclosed by a membrane similar to the cell membrane

Answer 9

Membrane bound organelles

Question 10

5 membrane-bound organelles

Answer 10

endoplasmic reticulum (rough and smooth), Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, peroxisomes, and mitochondria

Question 11

Organelles not enclosed within a membrane, generally composed of protein

Answer 11

Non-membrane bound organelles

Question 12

4 non-membrane bound organelles

Answer 12

ribosomes (either fixed to a membrane or free within the cytosol), the cytoskeleton, the centrosome, and proteasomes

Question 13

clusters of a single type of molecule

Answer 13

Inclusions

Question 14

complex organized structures with unique shapes and functions

Answer 14

organelles

Question 15

Forms the outer, limiting barrier of the cell separating the contents of the cell from the external environment

Answer 15

plasma membrane

Question 16

hairlike projections extending from cell membrane, move mucus and substances along the surface of tissue (eg mucus in throat)

Answer 16

Cilia

Question 17

similar to cilia but longer, propel cells, only present in humans in sperm

Answer 17

Flagellum

Question 18

small extensions of the cell membrane, increase surface area of tissue for nutrient absorption, eg in small intestine

Answer 18

Microvilli

Question 19

part of the cell contains the genetic material, DNA

Answer 19

Nucleus

Question 20

different name for cytosol

Answer 20

Intracellular fluid or cytoplasmic matrix

Question 21

3 general functions cells perform

Answer 21

Maintain the integrity and shape of the cell, obtain nutrients and form chemical building blocks, dispose of wastes

Question 22

type of lipid forms the plasma membrane

Answer 22

Phospholipids

Question 23

type of protein is embedded within and extends across lipid bilayer

Answer 23

Integral proteins

Question 24

type of protein is attached loosely to surfaces of the membrane

Answer 24

Peripheral proteins

Question 25

6 types of proteins

Answer 25

Transport, receptor, identity, enzyme, anchoring site, cell-adhesion

Question 26

regulate movement of substances across the plasma membrane, eg channels, carriers, pumps, symporters, antiporters

Answer 26

Transport protein

Question 27

bind to ligands which bind to macromolecules like neurotransmitters

Answer 27

Receptor protein

Question 28

communicate to other cells that they belong in the body, eg tagging by immune cells

Answer 28

Identity marker

Question 29

attached to either internal or external surface of cell, catalyzes chemical reactions

Answer 29

Enzyme

Question 30

secure cytoskeleton to plasma membrane

Answer 30

Anchoring site

Question 31

for cell-to-cell attachments (membrane junctions)

Answer 31

Cell-adhesion

Question 32

Movement of substance from high to low concentration of solute

Answer 32

diffusion

Question 33

Channel mediated or carrier mediated diffusion that moves charged or polar solutes through the plasma membrane that would otherwise be blocked

Answer 33

facilitated diffusion

Question 34

Passive movement of water through a selectively permeable membrane

Answer 34

osmosis

Question 35

the ability of a solution to change the volume or pressure of a cell by osmosis

Answer 35

Tonicity

Question 36

lower concentration of solutes than cytosol, water moves from outside cell to inside cell

Answer 36

Hypotonicity

Question 37

higher concentration of solutes than cytosol, water moves from inside the cell to outside

Answer 37

Hypertonicity

Question 38

the means by which large substances or large amounts of substances are secreted from a cell

Answer 38

Exocytosis

Question 39

the mean by which large substances or large amounts of substances are taken up by a cell

Answer 39

Endocytosis

Question 40

cellular eating, a cell engulfs a large particle external to the cell

Answer 40

phagocytosis

Question 41

cellular drinking, a cell internalizes droplets of interstitial fluid

Answer 41

pinocytosis

Question 42

uses receptor proteins to bring molecules in the interstitial fluid into the cell

Answer 42

receptor-mediated endocytosis

Question 43

A plasma membrane that allows the passage of water, but its phospholipid bylayer blocks most solutes

Answer 43

selectively permeable membrane

Question 44

movemement against a concentration gradient

Answer 44

Active transport

Question 45

movement with a concentration gradient

Answer 45

passive transport

Question 46

Involves energy input to move large substances across the plasma membrane by a vesicle, a membrane-bound sac filled with substances

Answer 46

vesicular transport

Question 47

How osmosis effects cell

Answer 47

cell gains or loses water through osmosis based on tonicity of cell

Question 48

One of the most important tonic solutions in the body

Answer 48

blood

Question 49

cell shrinkage due to loss of water in a hypertonic solution

Answer 49

Crenation

Question 50

ruptured red blood cells

Answer 50

Hemolysis

Question 51

to rupture

Answer 51

lysis

Question 52

a membrane bound sac filled with materials

Answer 52

Vesicle

Question 53

active transport process that use ATP to move ions across the cell membrane

Answer 53

Ion pumps

Question 54

active transport process that requires energy to transport vesicles

Answer 54

Vesicular transport

Question 55

divided into rough and smooth; synthesizes proteins, lipids, and vesicles

Answer 55

endoplasmic reticulum

Question 56

ER that has ribosomes and synthesizes proteins

Answer 56

Rough ER

Question 57

ER that has no ribosomes and synthesizes lipids

Answer 57

Smooth ER

Question 58

organelle that makes vesicles

Answer 58

Golgi apparatus

Question 59

organelles eat unneeded substances inside the cell

Answer 59

Lysosomes

Question 60

organelles that detoxify the cell and create hydrogen peroxide

Answer 60

Peroxisomes

Question 61

organelle that creates ATP, engage in aerobic respiration

Answer 61

Mitochondria

Question 62

adenosine triphosphate, cellular energy

Answer 62

ATP

Question 63

organelle that synthesizes proteins

Answer 63

Ribosomes

Question 64

type of ribosome bound to rough ER, synthesize protein

Answer 64

Bound ribosomes

Question 65

type of ribosomes that moves around in the cytosol, synthesize protein

Answer 65

Free ribosomes

Question 66

structural support of the cell

Answer 66

Cytoskeleton

Question 67

organelle that guides cell divisions

Answer 67

Centrosome

Question 68

organelle that has membrane with openings and DNA and a nucleolus

Answer 68

Nucleus

Question 69

the nucleus of the nucleus

Answer 69

Nucleolus

Question 70

the membrane of the nucleus

Answer 70

Nuclear membrane

Question 71

cell division in somatic cells, all cells except sex cells

Answer 71

Mitosis

Question 72

cell division that occurs in sex cells

Answer 72

Meiosis

Question 73

Digest proteins that are damaged, incorrectly folded, or no longer needed, controls quality of exported cell proteins

Answer 73

proteasomes

Question 74

Which cells do not have a nucleus

Answer 74

Red blood cells