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Anatomy and Physiology I > Lab Test 1 CH5 > Flashcards

Lab Test 1 CH5 Flashcards

1
Q

lining against the organ

A

Visceral pleura

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2
Q

lining against the cavity wall

A

Parietal pleura

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3
Q

lining against the heart

A

Visceral pericardium

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4
Q

lining against the pericardial cavity

A

Parietal pericardium

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5
Q

lining against the abdominal organs

A

Visceral peritoneum

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6
Q

lining against the abdominal cavity

A

Parietal peritoneum

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7
Q

cell feature to increase surface area

A

microvilli

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8
Q

cell feature to produce mucus

A

goblet cells

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9
Q

location of adipose tissue

A

subcutaneous layer

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10
Q

Location of Simple squamous epithelium

A

alveoli

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11
Q

Location of Simple cuboidal epithelium

A

lining thyroid gland

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12
Q

Location of Simple columnar epithelium

A

stomach

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13
Q

Location of Stratified squamous epithelium

A

skin

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14
Q

Location of Transitional epithelium

A

Urinary bladder

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15
Q

Location of Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

A

Nasal cavity

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16
Q

Location of Glandular epithelium

A

thyroid gland

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17
Q

Nucleation of skeletal muscle

A

multinucleated

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18
Q

Nucleation of smooth muscle

A

uninucleated

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19
Q

Nucleation of cardiac muscle

A

1 or 2 nucleii

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20
Q

Cells of adipose tissue

A

adipocytes

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21
Q

Function of tactile corpuscle

A

superficial touch

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22
Q

Function of lanellated corpuscle

A

deep touch

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23
Q

Function of free nerve endings

A

sense pain

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24
Q

A collection of cells that perform a specific function

A

tissue

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25
Q

Study of tissues

A

histology

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26
Q

Three cell shapes for epithelial tissue

A

i. Squamous: squished, flat cell
ii. Cuboidal: cube shaped
iii. Columnar: column shaped

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27
Q

Four cell arrangements of epithelial tissue

A

i. Simple: one row of cells, all cells reach apical surface and all cells reach basal surface
ii. Stratified: more than one row of cells, not all cells reach apical surface, not all cells reach basal surface
iii. Pseudostratified: not all cells reach apical surface, all cells reach basal surface, cells have different heights
iv. Transitional: looks different every time you look at it, transitions from simple, stratified, and pseudostratified

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28
Q

squished, flat cell epithelial cells

A

Squamous

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29
Q

cube shaped epithelial cells

A

Cuboidal

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30
Q

column shaped epithelial cells

A

Columnar

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31
Q

Epithelial arrangement, one row of cells, all cells reach apical surface and all cells reach basal surface

A

Simple

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32
Q

Epithelial arrangement, more than one row of cells, not all cells reach apical surface, not all cells reach basal surface

A

Stratified

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33
Q

Epithelial arrangement, not all cells reach apical surface, all cells reach basal surface, cells have different heights

A

Pseudostratified

34
Q

Epithelial arrangement, looks different every time you look at it, transitions from simple, stratified, and pseudostratified

A

Transitional

35
Q

Unicellular glands that secrete mucin

A

goblet cells

36
Q

Tissues that are exposed to an external surface to move mucus and substances along the surface of tissue (eg mucus in throat)

A

Location of cilia

37
Q

Tissues that absorb nutrients where increased surface area is needed, eg lining of small intestine

A

Location of microvilli

38
Q

Composed of cells, protein fibers, and ground substances

A

components that make up connective tissue

39
Q

stationary cells permanently housed within the connective tissue

A

Resident cells

40
Q

unbranched, cable-like fibers that are resistant to stretching

A

Collagen fiber in connective tissue

41
Q

similar to collagen but thinner fiber that form an interwoven framework

A

Reticular fiber in connective tissue

42
Q

contain protein elastin, fibers branch and rejoin and appear wavy, fibers stretch and recoil easily

A

Elastic fiber in connective tissue

43
Q

negatively charged, attract and absorb water

A

Glycosaminoglycans in ground tissue

44
Q

negatively charged molecules that spread out and occupy a lot of space

A

Proteoglycan in ground tissue

45
Q

act like glue to bond connective tissues to ground substances

A

Adherent glycoproteins in ground tissue

46
Q

Connective tissue divided into two broad groups: loose and dense. Loose contains few fibers and more ground substance (adipose). Dense contains more fibers and less ground substance

A

Connective tissue proper

47
Q

connective tissue divided into bone, a solid matrix, and cartilage, a semisolid matrix

A

Supporting connective tissue

48
Q

connective tissue divided into blood and lymph

A

Fluid connective tissue

49
Q

highly vascularized, ground substance is abundant and highly viscous, found nearly everywhere in the body in skin, surrounding organs, in nerve, muscle, and blood vessels

A

Areolar connective tissue

50
Q

highly vascularized connective tissue composed of adipocytes, stores energy, cushions and protects. Found in subcutaneous layer and covers some organs

A

Adipose tissue

51
Q

viscous ground substance, scattered arrangement of reticular fibers, leukocytes, and some fibroblasts. Provides supportive framework to lymphatic organs. Located in spleen, lymph nodes, and red bone marrow

A

Reticular connective tissue

52
Q

Densely packed, parallel arrays of collagen fibers; fibroblasts squeezed between layers of fibers; scarce ground substance; greatly reduced blood supply. Attaches bone to bone (ligament) as well as muscle to bone (tendon); resists stress applied in one direction Located in Tendons; ligaments

A

Dense regular connective tissue

53
Q

Collagen fibers randomly arranged and clumped together; fibroblasts in spaces among fibers; more ground substance than in dense regular connective tissue; extensive blood supply. Withstands stresses applied in all directions; durable. Located in most of dermis of skin; periosteum covering bone; perichondrium covering cartilage, some organ capsules

A

Dense irregular connective tissue

54
Q

Predominantly composed of elastic fibers; fibroblasts occupy some spaces between fibers. Allows for stretching and recoil. Located in walls of elastic arteries (such as the aorta), trachea, vocal cords

A

Elastic connective tissue

55
Q

Glassy-appearing matrix; irregularly arranged chondrocytes in lacunae; usually covered by perichondrium. Provides support; forms most of fetal skeleton. Located in tip of nose; trachea; most of larynx, costal cartilage; articular ends of long bones; most of fetal skeleton

A

Hyaline cartilage

56
Q

Abundant elastic fibers that form weblike mesh; chondrocytes in lacunae; perichondrium present. Maintains shape while permitting extensive flexibility. Located in external ear; epiglottis of larynx

A

Elastic cartilage

57
Q

Readily visible, numerous parallel collagen fibers; large chondrocytes in lacunae; no perichondrium. Resists compression; acts as shock absorber in some joints. Located in intervertebral discs; pubic symphysis; menisci of knee joints

A

Fibrocartilage

58
Q

Calcified extracellular matrix containing osteocytes trapped in lacunae; compact bone arranged in osteons (concentric lamellae arranged around a central canal). Provides levers for body movement, supports soft structures, protects organs, stores calcium and phosphorus; spongy bone contains hemopoietic tissue and is the site for hemopoiesis. Located in bones of the body

A

Compact bone

59
Q

Contains formed elements (erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets); dissolved protein within a liquid ground substance called plasma. Erythrocytes transport respiratory gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide); leukocytes help protect the body from infectious agents and platelets help with blood clotting. Dissolved protein fibers will coalesce and help with blood clotting when needed. Plasma transports nutrients, wastes, and hormones throughout the body. Located primarily within blood vessels and in the heart; leukocytes also located in lymphatic structures and organs, and can migrate to infected or inflamed tissues of the body

A

Blood

60
Q

Cylindrical structures that form compact bone

A

osteon

61
Q

bone cells

A

Osteocytes

62
Q

small spaces that house osteocytes

A

Lacunae

63
Q

encircled by lamellae and houses blood vessels and nerves

A

Central canal

64
Q

concentric rings of bone connective tissue composed of osteocytes

A

Lamellae

65
Q

tiny, interconnecting channels within the bone tissue that extend from lamellae

A

Canaliculi

66
Q

Long, cylindrical, striated fibers (cells) arranged parallel and unbranched; fibers are multinucleated; fiber is under voluntary control Primarily responsible for moving skeleton and selected other components of the body. Attaches to bones or sometimes to skin (e.g., facial muscles)

A

Skeletal muscle

67
Q

Nonstriated cells that are short and fusiform in shape; contain one centrally located nucleus; under involuntary control Moves and propels materials through internal organs; controls the size of the lumen Located in walls of hollow internal organs, such as intestines, stomach, airways, urinary bladder, uterus, and blood vessels

A

Smooth muscle

68
Q

Short, striated cells typically branching; cells contain one or two centrally located nuclei; intercalated discs between cells; under involuntary control. Pumps blood through heart. Located in heart wall (myocardium).

A

Cardiac muscle

69
Q

reflect the overlapping pattern of parallel thick and thin contractile protein filaments

A

Striations

70
Q

intercellular junctions between the cells composed of desmosomes and gap junctions

A

Intercalated discs

71
Q

conduct nerve impulses

A

Neurons

72
Q

don’t send signals, support neurons

A

Neuroglial cells

73
Q

Location of Areolar connective tissue

A

in skin

74
Q

Location of adipose tissue

A

Found in subcutaneous layer

75
Q

Location of Reticular connective tissue

A

in spleen

76
Q

Location of Dense regular connective tissue

A

in tendons

77
Q

Location of Dense irregular connective tissue

A

in dermis

78
Q

Location of Elastic connective tissue

A

in trachea

79
Q

Location of Hyaline cartilage

A

in tip of nose

80
Q

Location of Elastic cartilage

A

in external ear

81
Q

Location of Fibrocartilage

A

in intervertebral discs

82
Q

Location of Compact bone

A

surface of bones

Anatomy and Physiology I (30 decks)

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