LC 4-15

Question 1

Nervous system whose function is homeostasis, divided into sympathetic and parasympathetic

Answer 1

Autonomic nervous system

Question 2

Both sympathetic and parasympathetic have ________

Answer 2

ganglia

Question 3

Division of autonomic that has longer preganglionic and shorter postganglionic axons

Answer 3

parasympathetic division

Question 4

Division of autonomic that has shorter preganglionic and longer postganglionic axons

Answer 4

sympathetic division

Question 5

Division of autonomic NS that has ganglion closer to spinal cord

Answer 5

sympathetic division

Question 6

Division of autonomic NS that has ganglion closer to effector

Answer 6

parasympathetic

Question 7

Division of autonomic NS that has a more targeted effect

Answer 7

parasympathetic

Question 8

Division of autonomic NS that has a more wide-ranging effect

Answer 8

sympathetic

Question 9

Term for wide-ranging effect of sympathetic NS

Answer 9

Mass Activation

Question 10

Division of Autonomic Nervous System with Preganglionic neuron in brainstem or sacral portion of cord, S2-S4 spinal cord

Answer 10

Parasympathetic

Question 11

Division of Autonomic Nervous System with Termed craniosacral division

Answer 11

Parasympathetic

Question 12

Division of Autonomic Nervous System with Ganglionic neuron innervating muscles of glands

Answer 12

Parasympathetic

Question 13

Division of Autonomic Nervous System with Preganglionic axons longer

Answer 13

Parasympathetic

Question 14

Division of Autonomic Nervous System with Postganglionic axons shorter

Answer 14

Parasympathetic

Question 15

Division of Autonomic Nervous System with Ganglia close to or within effector

Answer 15

Parasympathetic

Question 16

Division of Autonomic Nervous System with Preganglionic neuron in lateral horns of T1-T2

Answer 16

Sympathetic

Question 17

Division of Autonomic Nervous System with Termed thoracolumbar division

Answer 17

Sympathetic

Question 18

Division of Autonomic Nervous System with Ganglionic neuron innervating muscles or glands

Answer 18

Sympathetic

Question 19

Division of Autonomic Nervous System with Preganglionic axons shorter

Answer 19

Sympathetic

Question 20

Division of Autonomic Nervous System with Postganglionic axons longer

Answer 20

Sympathetic

Question 21

Division of Autonomic Nervous System with Ganglia relatively close to spinal cord

Answer 21

Sympathetic

Question 22

Autonomic tone is usually effected by

Answer 22

Sympathetic nervous system

Question 23

Diameter of most blood vessels is effected by

Answer 23

sympathetic nervous system

Question 24

Heart rate, GI tract, pupil dilation in which sympathetic and parasympathetic work in opposition

Answer 24

Antagonistic effect

Question 25

Describe antagonistic effect of heart rate

Answer 25

sympathetic speeds up, parasympathetic slows down

Question 26

Describe antagonistic effect of GI tract

Answer 26

sympathetic slows down digestion, parasympathetic speeds up digestion

Question 27

Describe antagonistic effect of pupil dilation

Answer 27

sympathetic dilates, parasympathetic constricts

Question 28

When both sympathetic and parasympathetic produce a single effect

Answer 28

Cooperative effects

Question 29

Describe cooperation and male sexual function

Answer 29

erection due to parasympathetic, ejaculation due to sympathetic

Question 30

How can we have opposing effects without dual innervation, eg sweat glands and arrector pili muscles

Answer 30

Systems are controlled only by sympathetic system and sympathetic is either on or off

Question 31

Visceral reflex, tend to effect smooth muscle and glands

Answer 31

Autonomic reflex

Question 32

When blood pressure gets too high, blood pressure lowers

Answer 32

Cardiovascular reflex

Question 33

Response of upper GI, eg mouth watering, when talking or thinking about food; in lower GI, control of rectum in passing fecal matter in response to stretch of rectum

Answer 33

GI reflex

Question 34

Reflex about urination, as urine fills urinary bladder, smooth muscle of wall contracts, internal urethral sphincter involuntarily opens, voluntary contraction/relaxation of external urethral sphincter

Answer 34

Micturition reflex

Question 35

List the similarities and differences between the somatic nervous system (SNS) and the autonomic nervous system (ANS)

Answer 35

The somatic nervous system involves processes that are perceived or controlled consciously. The autonomic nervous system includes processes regulated below the conscious level.

Question 36

What are the anatomic features that distinguish the motor neurons in the SNS and the ANS

Answer 36

somatic has single lower motor neuron extending from the CNS, large, myelinated axons, always releases ACh. Autonomic has chain of two lower motor neurons extending from the CNS. The first neuron synapses in a ganglion, has small myelinated axons, and always releases ACh. The second has small unmyelinated axons and releases ACh or NE.

Question 37

Structure composed of two-neuron chain in which the first neuron synapses in a ganglion, has small myelinated axons, and always releases ACh. The second has small unmyelinated axons and releases ACh or NE

Answer 37

two-neuron chain in the ANS facilitates communication and control

Question 38

Division of Autonomic Motor that functions to maintain homeostasis at rest energy conservation and replenishing stage "rest-and-digest" division

Answer 38

parasympathetic division

Question 39

Division of Autonomic Motor that prepares the body for emergencies, "fight-or-flight" division, increased alertness and metabolic activity, "three E's" emergency, exercise, or excitement

Answer 39

sympathetic division

Question 40

E.g., diameter of most blood vessels in a partially constricted state due to sympathetic tone, Decrease in stimulation below tone causes vessel dilation, Increase above sympathetic tone causes greater vessel constriction

Answer 40

autonomic tone

Question 41

When organs are innervated by both ANS divisions

Answer 41

duel innervation

Question 42

Antagonistic effects between the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions for Control of heart rate

Answer 42

Parasympathetic slows HR, sympathetic speeds up HR

Question 43

Antagonistic effects between the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions for Control of muscular activity of the GI tract

Answer 43

Parasympathetic increases force of contractions in GI tract; sympathetic decreases

Question 44

Antagonistic effects between the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions for Pupil size

Answer 44

Parasympathetic causes pupil constriction; sympathetic causes pupil dilation

Question 45

What is an example of cooperative effects of dual innervation

Answer 45

The genitals

Question 46

What body structures are innervated by the sympathetic division only

Answer 46

Blood vessels and sweat glands

Question 47

Maintained through autonomic reflexes that occur in the organs innervated by autonomic nerves via the plexuses

Answer 47

homeostasis

Question 48

Autonomic reflex that involves reduction in blood pressure

Answer 48

Cardiovascular reflex

Question 49

Autonomic reflex that controls defecation

Answer 49

Gastrointestinal reflex

Question 50

Autonomic reflex that leads to bladder voiding

Answer 50

Micturition reflex

Question 51

How does the cardiovascular reflex affect blood pressure

Answer 51

when blood pressure increases stretch receptors send info to cardiac center in medulla oblongata, which activates parasympathetic system to slow heart rate and lower blood pressure

Question 52

How is the autonomic nervous system regulated

Answer 52

by the hypothalamus, brainstem, and spinal cord

Question 53

What CNS structure is the integration and command center for autonomic function

Answer 53

Hypothalamus