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Anatomy and Physiology I > LC 4-15 > Flashcards

LC 4-15 Flashcards

1
Q

Nervous system whose function is homeostasis, divided into sympathetic and parasympathetic

A

Autonomic nervous system

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2
Q

Both sympathetic and parasympathetic have ________

A

ganglia

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3
Q

Division of autonomic that has longer preganglionic and shorter postganglionic axons

A

parasympathetic division

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4
Q

Division of autonomic that has shorter preganglionic and longer postganglionic axons

A

sympathetic division

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5
Q

Division of autonomic NS that has ganglion closer to spinal cord

A

sympathetic division

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6
Q

Division of autonomic NS that has ganglion closer to effector

A

parasympathetic

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7
Q

Division of autonomic NS that has a more targeted effect

A

parasympathetic

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8
Q

Division of autonomic NS that has a more wide-ranging effect

A

sympathetic

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9
Q

Term for wide-ranging effect of sympathetic NS

A

Mass Activation

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10
Q

Division of Autonomic Nervous System with Preganglionic neuron in brainstem or sacral portion of cord, S2-S4 spinal cord

A

Parasympathetic

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11
Q

Division of Autonomic Nervous System with Termed craniosacral division

A

Parasympathetic

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12
Q

Division of Autonomic Nervous System with Ganglionic neuron innervating muscles of glands

A

Parasympathetic

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13
Q

Division of Autonomic Nervous System with Preganglionic axons longer

A

Parasympathetic

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14
Q

Division of Autonomic Nervous System with Postganglionic axons shorter

A

Parasympathetic

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15
Q

Division of Autonomic Nervous System with Ganglia close to or within effector

A

Parasympathetic

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16
Q

Division of Autonomic Nervous System with Preganglionic neuron in lateral horns of T1-T2

A

Sympathetic

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17
Q

Division of Autonomic Nervous System with Termed thoracolumbar division

A

Sympathetic

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18
Q

Division of Autonomic Nervous System with Ganglionic neuron innervating muscles or glands

A

Sympathetic

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19
Q

Division of Autonomic Nervous System with Preganglionic axons shorter

A

Sympathetic

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20
Q

Division of Autonomic Nervous System with Postganglionic axons longer

A

Sympathetic

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21
Q

Division of Autonomic Nervous System with Ganglia relatively close to spinal cord

A

Sympathetic

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22
Q

Autonomic tone is usually effected by

A

Sympathetic nervous system

23
Q

Diameter of most blood vessels is effected by

A

sympathetic nervous system

24
Q

Heart rate, GI tract, pupil dilation in which sympathetic and parasympathetic work in opposition

A

Antagonistic effect

25
Q

Describe antagonistic effect of heart rate

A

sympathetic speeds up, parasympathetic slows down

26
Q

Describe antagonistic effect of GI tract

A

sympathetic slows down digestion, parasympathetic speeds up digestion

27
Q

Describe antagonistic effect of pupil dilation

A

sympathetic dilates, parasympathetic constricts

28
Q

When both sympathetic and parasympathetic produce a single effect

A

Cooperative effects

29
Q

Describe cooperation and male sexual function

A

erection due to parasympathetic, ejaculation due to sympathetic

30
Q

How can we have opposing effects without dual innervation, eg sweat glands and arrector pili muscles

A

Systems are controlled only by sympathetic system and sympathetic is either on or off

31
Q

Visceral reflex, tend to effect smooth muscle and glands

A

Autonomic reflex

32
Q

When blood pressure gets too high, blood pressure lowers

A

Cardiovascular reflex

33
Q

Response of upper GI, eg mouth watering, when talking or thinking about food; in lower GI, control of rectum in passing fecal matter in response to stretch of rectum

34
Q

Reflex about urination, as urine fills urinary bladder, smooth muscle of wall contracts, internal urethral sphincter involuntarily opens, voluntary contraction/relaxation of external urethral sphincter

A

Micturition reflex

35
Q

List the similarities and differences between the somatic nervous system (SNS) and the autonomic nervous system (ANS)

A

The somatic nervous system involves processes that are perceived or controlled consciously. The autonomic nervous system includes processes regulated below the conscious level.

36
Q

What are the anatomic features that distinguish the motor neurons in the SNS and the ANS

A

somatic has single lower motor neuron extending from the CNS, large, myelinated axons, always releases ACh. Autonomic has chain of two lower motor neurons extending from the CNS. The first neuron synapses in a ganglion, has small myelinated axons, and always releases ACh. The second has small unmyelinated axons and releases ACh or NE.

37
Q

Structure composed of two-neuron chain in which the first neuron synapses in a ganglion, has small myelinated axons, and always releases ACh. The second has small unmyelinated axons and releases ACh or NE

A

two-neuron chain in the ANS facilitates communication and control

38
Q

Division of Autonomic Motor that functions to maintain homeostasis at rest energy conservation and replenishing stage “rest-and-digest” division

A

parasympathetic division

39
Q

Division of Autonomic Motor that prepares the body for emergencies, “fight-or-flight” division, increased alertness and metabolic activity, “three E’s” emergency, exercise, or excitement

A

sympathetic division

40
Q

E.g., diameter of most blood vessels in a partially constricted state due to sympathetic tone, Decrease in stimulation below tone causes vessel dilation, Increase above sympathetic tone causes greater vessel constriction

A

autonomic tone

41
Q

When organs are innervated by both ANS divisions

A

duel innervation

42
Q

Antagonistic effects between the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions for Control of heart rate

A

Parasympathetic slows HR, sympathetic speeds up HR

43
Q

Antagonistic effects between the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions for Control of muscular activity of the GI tract

A

Parasympathetic increases force of contractions in GI tract; sympathetic decreases

44
Q

Antagonistic effects between the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions for Pupil size

A

Parasympathetic causes pupil constriction; sympathetic causes pupil dilation

45
Q

What is an example of cooperative effects of dual innervation

A

The genitals

46
Q

What body structures are innervated by the sympathetic division only

A

Blood vessels and sweat glands

47
Q

Maintained through autonomic reflexes that occur in the organs innervated by autonomic nerves via the plexuses

A

homeostasis

48
Q

Autonomic reflex that involves reduction in blood pressure

A

Cardiovascular reflex

49
Q

Autonomic reflex that controls defecation

A

Gastrointestinal reflex

50
Q

Autonomic reflex that leads to bladder voiding

A

Micturition reflex

51
Q

How does the cardiovascular reflex affect blood pressure

A

when blood pressure increases stretch receptors send info to cardiac center in medulla oblongata, which activates parasympathetic system to slow heart rate and lower blood pressure

52
Q

How is the autonomic nervous system regulated

A

by the hypothalamus, brainstem, and spinal cord

53
Q

What CNS structure is the integration and command center for autonomic function

A

Hypothalamus

Anatomy and Physiology I (30 decks)

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