Lec Test 1 CH1

Question 1

the study of structure and form

Answer 1

anatomy

Question 2

scientists who study the structure and form of organisms

Answer 2

anatomists

Question 3

the study of function of the body parts

Answer 3

physiology

Question 4

scientists who examine how organs and body systems function under normal circumstances

Answer 4

physiologists

Question 5

“The lining of the lungs helps protect it.” Does this state represent physiology or anatomy?

Answer 5

Physiology—studies the function of the parietal pleura in the protection of the lungs

Question 6

“The lining of the lungs is made of simple squamous epithelium.” Does this state represent physiology or anatomy

Answer 6

Physiology—studies the structure of the lining of the lungs

Question 7

examines structures that cannot be seen by the unaided eye

Answer 7

microscopic anatomy

Question 8

the study of body cells and their internal structure

Answer 8

cytology

Question 9

the study of tissues

Answer 9

histology

Question 10

investigates the structure and relationships of body parts that are visible to the unaided eye

Answer 10

gross anatomy

Question 11

studies the anatomy of each functional body system

Answer 11

systemic anatomy

Question 12

examines all the structures in a particular region of the body as a complete unit

Answer 12

regional anatomy

Question 13

both superficial anatomic markings and the internal body structures that relate to the skin covering them

Answer 13

surface anatomy

Question 14

examines similarities and differences in the anatomy of different species

Answer 14

comparative anatomy

Question 15

discipline concerned with developmental changes occurring from conception to birth

Answer 15

embryology

Question 16

examines all anatomic changes resulting from disease

Answer 16

pathologic anatomy

Question 17

investigates the relationships among internal structures that may be visualized by specific scanning procedures

Answer 17

radiographic anatomy

Question 18

Discipline of anatomy that explores differences between species, eg lower limb of human vs chimpanzee

Answer 18

comparative anatomy

Question 19

functioning of heart, blood vessels, and blood

Answer 19

cardiovascular physiology

Question 20

examines how nerve impulses travel throughout the nervous system

Answer 20

neurophysiology

Question 21

studies how respiratory gases are transferred by gas exchange between lungs and blood vessels

Answer 21

respiratory physiology

Question 22

explores how regulation of reproductive hormones can drive the reproductive cycle and influence sex cell production and maturation

Answer 22

reproductive physiology

Question 23

investigates the relationship between the functioning of an organ system and disease or injury to that organ system

Answer 23

pathophysiology

Question 24

one of the properties common to all organisms - exhibit a complex structure and order

Answer 24

organization

Question 25

one of the properties common to all organisms - the sum of all of the chemical reactions that occur within the body

Answer 25

metabolism

Question 26

a metabolic reaction - formation of large, complex molecules from simple molecules

Answer 26

anabolism

Question 27

a metabolic reaction - breakdown of complex molecules into simple molecules

Answer 27

catabolism

Question 28

one of the properties common to all organisms - due to the organism's assimilation of materials from their environment, they often exhibit a growth in *size* and *increased specialization as related to form and function*

Answer 28

growth and development

Question 29

one of the properties common to all organisms - the ability to sense and react to stimuli

Answer 29

responsiveness

Question 30

changes in the external or internal environment

Answer 30

stimuli

Question 31

the body's ability to maintain a constant internal state in response to changes in environmental stimuli

Answer 31

homeostasis

Question 32

a homeostatic feedback mechanism that works against the stimulus, eg raises body temperature in response to cold

Answer 32

negative feedback

Question 33

a homeostatic feedback mechanism that work with the stimulus, eg breastfeeding

Answer 33

positive feedback

Question 34

Give three examples of positive feedback mechanisms

Answer 34

blood clotting uterine contractions during birth breastfeeding

Question 35

the body structure that detects changes in a variable, which is a substance or process that is regulated; typically consists of sensory neurons

Answer 35

receptor

Question 36

a change in the variable (a physical or chemical factor)

Answer 36

stimulus

Question 37

structure that interprets input from the receptor and initiates changes through the effector

Answer 37

control center

Question 38

the structure that brings about the change to alter the stimulus

Answer 38

effector

Question 39

normal value of a variable maintained by homeostasis

Answer 39

set point

Question 40

A specific cause of homeostatic imbalance

Answer 40

diagnosis

Question 41

the likely course of a disease or ailment

Answer 41

prognosis

Question 42

A subjective feature that is regarded as indicating a condition of disease

Answer 42

symptom

Question 43

Any objective evidence of disease, as opposed to a symptom, which is, by nature, subjective

Answer 43

sign

Question 44

Three components of a homeostatic system

Answer 44

- receptor - control center - effector

Question 45

Describe the feedback loop of homeostasis

Answer 45

- detection of stimulus by receptor - information relayed to control center - initiation of change through effectors - return of homeostasis

Question 46

Example of a drug that effects homeostatic control, makes you feel happier and causes crash if not taken every day

Answer 46

SSRI (serotonin)

Question 47

the specific cause of the homeostatic imbalance

Answer 47

diagnosis

Question 48

the primary method of obtaining an image of a body part for diagnostic purposes

Answer 48

radiography

Question 49

a form of high-energy radiation that pass through soft tissues but are absorbed by dense tissues

Answer 49

x-rays

Question 50

second most widely used method of obtaining an image of a body part for diagnostic purposes' produces high-frequency ultrasound waves and then receives signals that are reflected from internal organs

Answer 50

sonography

Question 51

(CT scan) a more sophisticated application of x-rays

Answer 51

computed tomography scan

Question 52

a modified three-dimensional x-ray technique used primarily to view blood vessels

Answer 52

digital subtraction angiography (DSA)

Question 53

provides two important pieces of medical information: (1) 3D images of body organs, and (2) information about the normal organ movement as well as changes in its internal volume

Answer 53

dynamic spatial reconstruction (DSR)

Question 54

developed as a noninvasive technique to visualize soft tissues

Answer 54

magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Question 55

provides the means to map brain function based on local oxygen concentration differences in blood flow

Answer 55

functional MRI (fMRI)

Question 56

scan used both to analyze the metabolic state of a tissue at a given moment in time and to determine which tissues are most active

Answer 56

positron emission tomography (PET)