Lec 2-6 (1)

Question 1

study of skin

Answer 1

Dermatology

Question 2

Describe variations in the epidermis between different body regions

Answer 2

thick/thin skin

Question 3

Describe variations in the epidermis between individuals

Answer 3

color, flushing, tan lines

Question 4

Describe variations in the epidermis in thickness, color, skin markings

Answer 4

calluses, oiliness, birth marks

Question 5

works as a pigment in the skin (flushing), an oxygen binding compound present in red blood cells, turns bright red upon binding oxygen

Answer 5

Hemoglobin

Question 6

skin pigment, yellowish-brown produced and stored by melanocytes, transferred to other cells, protects skin from UV radiation ie skin cancer

Answer 6

Melanin

Question 7

cells that produce and store melanin

Answer 7

Melanocytes

Question 8

Same surface area of skin has ______________ melanocytes regardless of skin color

Answer 8

same number of

Question 9

darker skin produces __________ colored melanin

Answer 9

more and darker

Question 10

yellowish-orange pigment acquired from yellow-orange vegetables

Answer 10

Carotene

Question 11

Which pigment accumulates inside subcutaneous fat and keratinocytes of stratum corneum, converted to vitamin A within body, plays important roles in vision, reducing free radicals, in immune function

Answer 11

Carotene

Question 12

a mole, harmless overgrowth of melanin forming cells

Answer 12

Nevus

Question 13

yellowish or brown spots on the skin, concentration of melanin or carotene

Answer 13

Freckles

Question 14

skin discoloration due to benign blood vessel tumor

Answer 14

Hemangioma

Question 15

type of hemangioma present at birth, known as strawberry-colored birthmarks

Answer 15

Capillary hemangiomas

Question 16

type of hemangioma known as port-wine stains, involve larger dermal blood vessels

Answer 16

Cavernous hemangiomas

Question 17

attachment points of collagen fibers on the skin

Answer 17

Cleavage lines

Question 18

Which cuts related to cleavage lines scar more?

Answer 18

Cut parallel to a cleavage line heals cleaner; Cut across cleavage lines has more scarring

Question 19

blood vessel diameter narrowed, shunted from periphery to internal organs

Answer 19

Vasoconstriction

Question 20

Function of nails

Answer 20

protection and scratching

Question 21

Function of hair

Answer 21

protection, signaling, insulation

Question 22

nails, hair, exocrine glands derived from epidermal epithelium, formed from portions of epidermis invaginated into the dermis

Answer 22

Epidermal derivatives

Question 23

Three types of hair

Answer 23

lanugo, vellus, terminal

Question 24

fine, downy baby hair, appears in last trimester

Answer 24

Lanugo

Question 25

primary human hair, on upper and lower limbs

Answer 25

Vellus

Question 26

coarser, pigmented hair, on scalp, eyebrows, eyelashes, men’s beards, during puberty replaces vellus hair in axillary and pubic regions

Answer 26

Terminal hair

Question 27

What makes hair grow faster

Answer 27

nutrition and calorie intake

Question 28

Two types of sweat glands

Answer 28

merocrine and apocrine

Question 29

Two types of perspiration from merocrine glands

Answer 29

sensible and insensible

Question 30

drippy sweat, beads and rolls off

Answer 30

Sensible perspiration

Question 31

sweat that evaporates straight out of the skin

Answer 31

Insensible perspiration

Question 32

Glands that have a milky, smelly sweat, found in axillae, pubic, and nipple regions

Answer 32

apocrine glands

Question 33

oily discharge produced by sebaceous glands through holocrine secretion

Answer 33

Sebum

Question 34

Glands that discharge sebum

Answer 34

Sebaceous glands

Question 35

modified apocrine sweat glands located in ear

Answer 35

Ceruminous glands

Question 36

earwax, lubricates ear, anti-microbial properties

Answer 36

Cerumen

Question 37

modified apocrine sweat glands of the breast, only in females, produce milk

Answer 37

Mammary glands

Question 38

vitamin synthesized in skin, requires UV exposure and cholesterol in skin to synthesize

Answer 38

Vitamin D3

Question 39

another name for Vitamin D3

Answer 39

Cholecalciferol

Question 40

active form of vitamin D3, helps calcium absorption in body, synthesized in kidneys

Answer 40

Calcitriol

Question 41

ability of skin to allow absorption of some substances and not others

Answer 41

Selectively permeable

Question 42

describes ability of oil soluble drugs to be administered through skin

Answer 42

Transdermal administration

Question 43

immune based cells in the epidermis

Answer 43

Dendritic cells

Question 44

What does thick skin not have that thin skin does?

Answer 44

Thick skin does not have hair or sebaceous glands

Question 45

replacing the same skin cells, restores organ function

Answer 45

Regeneration

Question 46

replacement of skin cells with scar tissues, composed primarily of collagen, typically function is not restored

Answer 46

Fibrosis

Question 47

Steps of wound healing

Answer 47

Wound happens and you bleed Blood clot forms called scab Regeneration and fibrosis from deep to superficial Scar tissue is replaced by functional tissue and scab falls off

Question 48

overproduction of scar tissue that may appear to be a tumor, possible side effect of surgery

Answer 48

Keloid

Question 49

autoimmune disease that causes a rapid overgrowth of skin cells, can be painful

Answer 49

Psoriasis

Question 50

body attacks itself

Answer 50

Autoimmune

Question 51

UV exposure, corticosteroids, immunosuppressant drugs

Answer 51

Psoriasis treatments

Question 52

burns that damage epidermis, slight redness and pain

Answer 52

First degree burns

Question 53

burns that damage epidermis and dermis, causes blistering

Answer 53

Second degree burns

Question 54

burns that damage epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous layer, require hospitalization and cause bad scarring

Answer 54

Third degree burns

Question 55

regions of the body are divided into multiples of 9% to quickly estimate amount of body burned. 99% means all but groin burned. 100% means all including groin burned. Babies are different rules.

Answer 55

Rule of nines

Question 56

What happens when skin ages

Answer 56

cells get smaller, fewer, don’t work as well, don’t replace as well, and die

Question 57

most common type of skin cancer that is the least deadly

Answer 57

Basal cell carcinoma

Question 58

skin cancer of medium commonality, medium deadliness

Answer 58

Squamous cell carcinoma

Question 59

least common skin cancer, most deadly skin cancer

Answer 59

Malignant melanoma

Question 60

To be turned inside out or folded back on itself to form a cavity or pouch

Answer 60

invaginated

Question 61

One popular treatment for wrinkles caused by repeated facial muscle expression is botulinum toxin type A

Answer 61

Botox

Question 62

How does botox work

Answer 62

temporarily blocks nerve impulses to the facial expression muscles, thereby decreasing or eliminating the wrinkles they produce.