Lab Test 1 CH1 Flashcards
smallest unit of matter that has the characteristics of an element, eg H
Atom
two or more atoms, eg H2O
Molecule
more complex molecules, eg DNA
Macromolecule
collection of macromolecules that are microscopic structures within a cell
Organelle
smallest living structures that are the basic units of structure in an organism
Cell
groups of similar cells that perform a function
Tissue
groups of tissues that perform a function
Organ
groups of organs that work together to perform a function
Organ system
a living being; highest level of organization
Organism
Provides protection, regulates body temperature, site of cutaneous receptors and some glands, synthesizes vitamin D, prevents water loss.
Integumentary
Provides support and protection, site of hemopoiesis (blood cell production), stores calcium and phosphorus, provides sites for muscle attachments.
Skeletal
Produces body movement, generates heat when muscles contract.
Muscular
A regulatory system that controls muscles and some glands and responds to sensory stimuli. Also responsible for consciousness, intelligence, memory.
Nervous
Consists of glands and cell clusters that secrete hormones, which regulate development, growth and metabolism; maintain homeostasis of blood composition and volume, control digestive processes, and control reproduction.
Endocrine
Consists of the heart and blood vessels; the heart moves blood through blood vessels in order to distribute hormones, nutrients, gases, and pick up waste products.
Cardiovascular
Transports and filters lymph (interstitial fluid transported through lymph vessels) and participates in an immune response when necessary.
Lymphatic
Responsible for exchange of gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) between blood and the air in the lungs.
Respiratory
Filters the blood to remove waste products and biologically active molecules, concentrates waste products in the form of urine, and expels urine from the body.
Urinary
Mechanically and chemically digests food materials, absorbs nutrients, and expels waste products.
Digestive
Produces male sex cells (sperm) and male hormones (e.g., testosterone), transfers sperm to the female.
Male Reproductive
Produces female sex cells (oocytes) and female hormones (e.g., estrogen and progesterone), receives sperm from male, site of fertilization of oocyte, site of growth and development of embryo and fetus, produces and secretes breast milk for nourishment of newborn.
Female Reproductive
Subject facing viewer, upright, arms at side, palms front, toes forward
Describe anatomical position
Supine
lying face up
Prone
lying face down
Coronal
divides anterior and posterior
divides left and right
Midsagittal
divides superior and inferior
Transverse
side facing viewer
Anterior
side away from the viewer
Posterior
back side
Dorsal
belly side
Ventral
above, higher than
Superior
below, lower than
Inferior
close to point of attachment
Proximal
away from point of attachment
Distal
toward the middle line
Medial
away from the middle line
Lateral
toward the surface
Superficial
away from the surface
Deep
pertaining to the head
Cranial (Cephalic)
The knee is ___________ to the ankle
Proximal
abdomen
Abdominal
forearm
Antebrachial
nook of the elbow (where needles go)
Antecubital
ear
Auricular
armpit
Axillary
upper arm (check blood pressure)
Brachial
cheek
Buccal
heel
Calcaneal
wrist
Carpal
head
Cephalic
neck
Cervical
coccyx (tailbone), part of sacral region
Coxal
skull
Cranial
calf, back of lower leg
Crural
shoulder
Deltoid
finger/toe
Digital
back
Dorsal
face
Facial
upper leg
Femoral
lateral side of lower leg
Fibular
forehead
Frontal
buttocks
Gluteal
big toe
Hallux
lower lateral side of torso, anterior part of hips
Inguinal
waist area
Lumbar
anterior chest, non-muscle tissue
Mammary
hand
Manus
chin
Mental
nose
Nasal
back of skull
Occipital
point of elbow
Olecranal
mouth
Oral
eyes
Orbital
palm of hand
Palmar
anterior knee (kneecap)
Patellar
anterior chest, muscle tissue
Pectoral
lower torso, hips
Pelvic
genital-anal region
Perineal
foot
Pes
sole of foot
Plantar
thumbs
Pollex
nook (back) of knee
Popliteal
anterior part of pelvis
Pubic
lateral side of forearm (antebrachial region)
Radial
posterior part of pelvis
Sacral
upper lateral sides of posterior torso (shoulder blades)
Scapular
sternum
Sternal
anterior side of lower leg (shin)
Sural
ankle
Tarsal
upper torso
Thoracic
middle (medioanterior) side of lower leg
Tibial
medial side of forearm (antebrachial region)
Ulnar
belly button
Umbilical
backbone
Vertebral
located along posterior side of body, contains cranial (brain) and vertebral cavities (spinal cord). Brain is wrapped in meninges (cushioning): Pia mater (next to brain), arachnoid mater (middle membrane), dura mater (next to skull)
Dorsal
from floor of pelvis to base of neck (thoracic, abdominal and pelvic cavities; visceral membrane is wrapped around organ, parietal membrane is on wall of cavity)
Ventral
everything superior to diaphragm
thoracic cavity
inferior to diaphragm, peritoneum is all membranes in cavity
abdominopelvic cavity
lung cavity, visceral pleura wraps lungs, parietal pleura lines pleural cavity
Pleural cavity
heart cavity, visceral pericardium wraps the heart, parietal pericardium lines pericardial cavity
Pericardial cavity
the cavity within the abdominopelvic cavity that is superior to a transverse plane at the superior aspect of the hip bones
Abdominal cavity
the cavity within the abdominopelvic cavity that is inferior to a transverse plane at the superior aspect of the hip bones
Pelvic cavity
In the thoracic cavity, esophagus, trachea, aorta, superior vena cava, visceral mediastinum, parietal mediastinum
structures/organs found within the mediastinum
Where in the body is a visceral serous membrane located
Next to the organ
Where in the body is a parietal serous membrane located
Next to the body cavity
Which body cavity is associated with the heart and what are the names of its serous membranes
The mediastinum in the thoracic cavity. Parietal and visceral pericardium surround the heart
Which body cavity is associated with the lungs and what are the names of its serous membranes
Thoracic cavity. Parietal and visceral pleura line the thoracic cavity and envelope the lungs
Which body cavity is associated with the stomach and what are the names of its serious membranes
Abdominal cavity. Parietal and visceral peritoneum
If a physician makes an incision into the abdomen superior to the umbilicus and just inferior to the diaphragm, what abdominopelvic region was incised
Epigastric region
The urinary bladder is located in which of these abdominopelvic regions
Hypogastric region
The spleen is located in which abdominopelvic regions
Left hypochondriac region
