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Anatomy and Physiology I > LC 3-12B > Flashcards

LC 3-12B Flashcards

1
Q

All pumps require what to function

A

energy in the form of ATP

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2
Q

Primary pump used in nervous system

A

Na+/K+ pumps

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3
Q

Passive channels that are always open, move substances with concentration gradient (high to low concentration) eg sodium and potassium ion channels

A

leak channels

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4
Q

Channels opened by binding of chemicals neurotransmitters

A

chemically-gated channels

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5
Q

Channels opened/closed by change in electrical charge

A

voltage-gated channel

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6
Q

With voltage gated channels, what opens and closes

A

open and close at two different voltages

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7
Q

Contrast voltage and chemically gated channels

A

chemically-gated open/close with presence/absence of chemical; voltage open/close at two different voltage numbers

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8
Q

Segment of neuron that receives signals

A

Receptive Segment

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9
Q

Segment of neuron that contains chemically-gated Na+ and K+ channels

A

receptive segment

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10
Q

Segment of neuron that starts signals

A

Initial Segment

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11
Q

Action potential initializes in what segment

A

Initial Segment

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12
Q

Segment of neuron that carries signals

A

Conductive Segment

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13
Q

Segment of neuron that contains voltage-gated Na+ channels, voltage-gated K+ channels, and conducts action potential

A

Conductive Segment

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14
Q

Segment of neuron that transmits signals

A

Transmissive Segment

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15
Q

Segment of neuron that contains voltage-gated Ca2+ channels, contains Ca2+ pumps

A

Transmissive segment

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16
Q

Pumps found throughout the entire neuron

A

Sodium (Na+) and Potassium (K+)

17
Q

Leak channels found throughout entire neuron

A

Sodium (Na+) and Potassium (K+)

18
Q

What type of channels will we find in the initial segment

A

voltage-gated K+ and Na+ channels, Na+ and K+ leak channels

19
Q

What type of pumps are found in the transmissive segment

A

Ca2+ pumps, Na+/K+ pumps

20
Q

A difference in electrical charge

A

Voltage (volts)

21
Q

What creates voltage in a neuron

A

ions

22
Q

Amount of movement (force) of charged particles

A

Current (amps)

23
Q

Current is movement across what in a neuron

A

plasma membrane

24
Q

Opposition to movement of charged particles

A

Resistance (ohms)

25
Q

What creates resistance in a neuron

A

membrane

26
Q

Current=voltage/resistance, greater current is possible with higher voltage and less resistance

A

Ohm’s Law

27
Q

Principle that a neuron either fires or it doesn’t

A

all or none law

28
Q

During depolarization, what is added inside the neuron to achieve a positive charge inside the cell

A

Na+ sodium

29
Q

What type of channel is used during depolarization to move a large amount of Na+

A

chemically-gated Na+ channels in the initial segment

30
Q

Voltage-gated Na+ channels open and sodium rushes in when

A

when the neuron reaches threshold

31
Q

What causes depolarization

A

reaching threshold -55 mV

32
Q

Occurs at -55mV, the point at which voltage-gated Na+ channels are activated

A

threshold

33
Q

The process of Na+ rushing into neuron

A

depolarization

34
Q

When do voltage-gated Na+ channels close

A

at +30mV, the peak of depolarization

35
Q

When do voltage-gated K+ channels open

A

at +30mV, the peak of depolarization

36
Q

The process of K+ potassium rushing out of cell

A

repolarization

37
Q

The phase when too much K+ leaves cell and neuron activates Na+/K+ pumps to achieve RMP, uses ATP

A

hyperpolarization

38
Q

When are Na+/K+ pumps most active

A

hyperpolarization

39
Q

When do you need ATP in a neuron

A

to reset the neuron to fire again

Anatomy and Physiology I (30 decks)

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