LB 3-12

Question 1

Neurons between sensory and motor neurons, process information, found only in the CNS, multipolar, 99% of neurons

Answer 1

interneurons

Question 2

Three functional types of neurons

Answer 2

sensory, motor, and interneurons

Question 3

Two classification of nervous system

Answer 3

structural and functional

Question 4

Two branches of the Structural Nervous System

Answer 4

Central Nervous System and Peripheral Nervous System

Question 5

Portion of the Structural Nervous System composed of the brain and spinal cord

Answer 5

Central Nervous System

Question 6

Portion of the Structural Nervous System composed of named nerves (including cranial nerves) and ganglia

Answer 6

Peripheral Nervous System

Question 7

Groups of neuron cell bodies in the PNS

Answer 7

Ganglia

Question 8

Two branches of Functional Nervous System

Answer 8

Sensory Nervous System and Motor Nervous System

Question 9

Nervous system that detects, send signals to brain

Answer 9

Sensory Nervous System

Question 10

Neurons that send signals to brain

Answer 10

Afferent neurons

Question 11

Which nervous system is afferent

Answer 11

Sensory Nervous System

Question 12

Which nervous system is efferent

Answer 12

Motor Nervous System

Question 13

Two branches of the Sensory Nervous System

Answer 13

Somatic Sensory, Visceral Sensory

Question 14

Nervous system for conscious sensory, known feelings

Answer 14

Somatic Sensory

Question 15

Nervous system for not conscious sensory

Answer 15

Visceral Sensory

Question 16

Nervous system that detects eg sight, hot/cold, tasting, pain

Answer 16

Somatic Sensory

Question 17

Nervous system that detects eg blood values like calcium, glucose

Answer 17

Visceral Sensory

Question 18

Nervous system that acts, sends signals from brain

Answer 18

Motor Nervous System

Question 19

Neurons that send signals from brain

Answer 19

Efferent Neurons

Question 20

Two branches of the Motor Nervous System

Answer 20

Somatic Motor, Autonomic Motor

Question 21

Nervous system for voluntary motor

Answer 21

Somatic Motor

Question 22

Nervous system for non-voluntary motor

Answer 22

Autonomic Motor

Question 23

Nervous system that does eg move arms, breathing, blinking

Answer 23

Somatic Motor

Question 24

Nervous system that does eg heart rate, mouth watering, going to bathroom, release of insulin/adrenaline, pupil dilation

Answer 24

Autonomic Motor

Question 25

Two branches of the Autonomic Motor System

Answer 25

Sympathetic, Parasympathetic

Question 26

Nervous system for fight or flight emergency

Answer 26

Sympathetic

Question 27

Nervous system for rest and digest

Answer 27

Parasympathetic

Question 28

Test questions

Answer 28

What type of neuron carries blank signal from point A to point B?

Question 29

Polarity of neurons that is most common- 99%

Answer 29

multipolar

Question 30

All interneurons are __________

Answer 30

multipolar

Question 31

All motorneurons are _________

Answer 31

multipolar

Question 32

Polarity of sensory neurons for vision and hearing

Answer 32

Bipolar

Question 33

Polarity of all somatic sensory neurons

Answer 33

Unipolar

Question 34

Polarity of neurons that we know little about, in Central Nervous System, no axon

Answer 34

anaxonic

Question 35

Mnemonic for remembering sensory and motor functions

Answer 35

motor in front, sensory in back

Question 36

Four types of cells in the CNS

Answer 36

astrocytes, ependymal cells, oligodendrocytes, microglial cells

Question 37

Two types of cells in the ONS

Answer 37

schwann cells, satellite cells

Question 38

Substance that is a pass key to get past the blood-brain barrier

Answer 38

Sulphur

Question 39

Cells that are the structural framework for the CNS

Answer 39

astrocytes

Question 40

Cells that create, monitor, and move cerebrospinal fluid

Answer 40

ependymal cells

Question 41

Cells of the CNS that are ciliated

Answer 41

ependymal cells

Question 42

Cells in the CNS that create the myelin sheath in the CNS

Answer 42

oligodendrocytes

Question 43

Cells that are insulation for neurons

Answer 43

myelin

Question 44

Cells in the PNS that create the myelin sheath

Answer 44

schwann cells

Question 45

Cells in the PNS that protect and nourish neurons

Answer 45

satellite cells

Question 46

Insulation for neurons

Answer 46

myelin

Question 47

Neurons (axons) that are not completely covered by myelin

Answer 47

unmyelinated

Question 48

Axons wrapped in myelin

Answer 48

myelinated

Question 49

Type of neurons that conduct more slowly

Answer 49

unmyelinated

Question 50

Conduction process for unmyelinated axons

Answer 50

continuous conduction

Question 51

Axons that conduct faster

Answer 51

myelinated

Question 52

Conduction process for myelinated axons

Answer 52

saltatory

Question 53

Autoimmune disease that affects the myelin sheath in the CNS

Answer 53

multiple sclerosis

Question 54

Type of cells affected by multiple sclerosis

Answer 54

oligodendrocytes

Question 55

Disease that affects the peripheral system, loss of myelin due to inflammation, uncommon, self-resolving, temporary, typically caused by a vaccine reaction

Answer 55

Guillain-Barre Syndrome

Question 56

Steps to Axon regeneration

Answer 56

(1) Axon is damaged, (2) Distal nerve dies, (3) Schwann cells grow a new tube, (4) Nerve grows through tube, (5) Nerve reconnects

Question 57

Disintegration (death) of the distal axon and myelin sheath

Answer 57

Wallerian degeneration

Question 58

Nerve insulation that encloses bundles of axons

Answer 58

perineurium

Question 59

Nerve insulation that Encloses individual axons

Answer 59

endoneurium

Question 60

Nerve insulation that Encloses entire nerve (group of neurons)

Answer 60

epineurium

Question 61

Anatomical definition of group of neurons

Answer 61

nerve

Question 62

What is the nervous system composed of

Answer 62

brain, spinal cord, nerves, ganglia

Question 63

What are the two types of cells found in nervous tissue

Answer 63

neurons, neuroglial cells

Question 64

What are the special characteristics of neurons

Answer 64

Excitability, conductivity, extreme longevity, amitotic

Question 65

Astrocytes, Ependymal, Microglia, Oligodendrocytes

Answer 65

glial cells of the CNS

Question 66

Nurture, protect, support, and guide neurons, starlike shape due to projections from their surface, most abundant glial cell in the CNS

Answer 66

Astrocytes

Question 67

Cells are ciliated simple cuboidal or simple columnar epithelial cells that line the internal cavities (ventricles) of the brain and the central canal of the spinal cord

Answer 67

Ependymal cells

Question 68

Small cells that have slender branches extending from the main portion of the cell, smallest percentage of CNS glial cells, phagocytic cells of the immune system

Answer 68

Microglia

Question 69

Large cells with a bulbous body and slender cytoplasmic extensions or processes, extensions wrap around and insulate axons within the CNS to form a myelin sheath

Answer 69

Oligodendrocytes

Question 70

What are the glial cells of the PNS

Answer 70

satellite cells, neurolemmocytes

Question 71

Flattened cells arranged around neuronal cell bodies in a ganglion that physically separate cell bodies from their surrounding interstitial fluid, insulate the cell body and regulate exchange of nutrients

Answer 71

Satellite cells

Question 72

Elongated and flattened cells wrap around and insulate axons within the PNS to form a myelin sheath

Answer 72

Neurolemmocytes

Question 73

Another name for neurolemmocytes

Answer 73

schwann cells

Question 74

Glial cell tumors, may be benign or malignant

Answer 74

glioma

Question 75

Insulating covering around the axon that consists of repeating concentric layers of plasma membrane of glial cells

Answer 75

myelin

Question 76

What function does myelin perform

Answer 76

insulates axon and allows for faster propagation of nerve signal

Question 77

An autoimmune disorder that is progressive demyelination of neurons in the central nervous system accompanied by the destruction of oligodendrocytes

Answer 77

Multiple Sclerosis

Question 78

A disorder in which inflammation causes loss of myelin from the peripheral nerves and spinal nerve roots. It is characterized by muscle weakness that begins in the distal limbs, but rapidly advances to involve proximal muscles as well

Answer 78

Guillain-Barre syndrome

Question 79

Clusters of neuron cell bodies located along nerves in the PNS

Answer 79

ganglion

Question 80

Bundles of axons within the CNS in which the axons have a similar function and share a common origin and destination

Answer 80

tract

Question 81

Bundle of axons in the PNS

Answer 81

a nerve