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Anatomy and Physiology I > LB 3-12 > Flashcards

LB 3-12 Flashcards

1
Q

Neurons between sensory and motor neurons, process information, found only in the CNS, multipolar, 99% of neurons

A

interneurons

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2
Q

Three functional types of neurons

A

sensory, motor, and interneurons

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3
Q

Two classification of nervous system

A

structural and functional

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4
Q

Two branches of the Structural Nervous System

A

Central Nervous System and Peripheral Nervous System

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5
Q

Portion of the Structural Nervous System composed of the brain and spinal cord

A

Central Nervous System

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6
Q

Portion of the Structural Nervous System composed of named nerves (including cranial nerves) and ganglia

A

Peripheral Nervous System

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7
Q

Groups of neuron cell bodies in the PNS

A

Ganglia

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8
Q

Two branches of Functional Nervous System

A

Sensory Nervous System and Motor Nervous System

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9
Q

Nervous system that detects, send signals to brain

A

Sensory Nervous System

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10
Q

Neurons that send signals to brain

A

Afferent neurons

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11
Q

Which nervous system is afferent

A

Sensory Nervous System

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12
Q

Which nervous system is efferent

A

Motor Nervous System

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13
Q

Two branches of the Sensory Nervous System

A

Somatic Sensory, Visceral Sensory

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14
Q

Nervous system for conscious sensory, known feelings

A

Somatic Sensory

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15
Q

Nervous system for not conscious sensory

A

Visceral Sensory

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16
Q

Nervous system that detects eg sight, hot/cold, tasting, pain

A

Somatic Sensory

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17
Q

Nervous system that detects eg blood values like calcium, glucose

A

Visceral Sensory

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18
Q

Nervous system that acts, sends signals from brain

A

Motor Nervous System

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19
Q

Neurons that send signals from brain

A

Efferent Neurons

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20
Q

Two branches of the Motor Nervous System

A

Somatic Motor, Autonomic Motor

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21
Q

Nervous system for voluntary motor

A

Somatic Motor

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22
Q

Nervous system for non-voluntary motor

A

Autonomic Motor

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23
Q

Nervous system that does eg move arms, breathing, blinking

A

Somatic Motor

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24
Q

Nervous system that does eg heart rate, mouth watering, going to bathroom, release of insulin/adrenaline, pupil dilation

A

Autonomic Motor

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25
Q

Two branches of the Autonomic Motor System

A

Sympathetic, Parasympathetic

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26
Q

Nervous system for fight or flight emergency

A

Sympathetic

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27
Q

Nervous system for rest and digest

A

Parasympathetic

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28
Q

Test questions

A

What type of neuron carries blank signal from point A to point B?

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29
Q

Polarity of neurons that is most common- 99%

A

multipolar

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30
Q

All interneurons are __________

A

multipolar

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31
Q

All motorneurons are _________

A

multipolar

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32
Q

Polarity of sensory neurons for vision and hearing

A

Bipolar

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33
Q

Polarity of all somatic sensory neurons

A

Unipolar

34
Q

Polarity of neurons that we know little about, in Central Nervous System, no axon

A

anaxonic

35
Q

Mnemonic for remembering sensory and motor functions

A

motor in front, sensory in back

36
Q

Four types of cells in the CNS

A

astrocytes, ependymal cells, oligodendrocytes, microglial cells

37
Q

Two types of cells in the ONS

A

schwann cells, satellite cells

38
Q

Substance that is a pass key to get past the blood-brain barrier

A

Sulphur

39
Q

Cells that are the structural framework for the CNS

A

astrocytes

40
Q

Cells that create, monitor, and move cerebrospinal fluid

A

ependymal cells

41
Q

Cells of the CNS that are ciliated

A

ependymal cells

42
Q

Cells in the CNS that create the myelin sheath in the CNS

A

oligodendrocytes

43
Q

Cells that are insulation for neurons

A

myelin

44
Q

Cells in the PNS that create the myelin sheath

A

schwann cells

45
Q

Cells in the PNS that protect and nourish neurons

A

satellite cells

46
Q

Insulation for neurons

A

myelin

47
Q

Neurons (axons) that are not completely covered by myelin

A

unmyelinated

48
Q

Axons wrapped in myelin

A

myelinated

49
Q

Type of neurons that conduct more slowly

A

unmyelinated

50
Q

Conduction process for unmyelinated axons

A

continuous conduction

51
Q

Axons that conduct faster

A

myelinated

52
Q

Conduction process for myelinated axons

A

saltatory

53
Q

Autoimmune disease that affects the myelin sheath in the CNS

A

multiple sclerosis

54
Q

Type of cells affected by multiple sclerosis

A

oligodendrocytes

55
Q

Disease that affects the peripheral system, loss of myelin due to inflammation, uncommon, self-resolving, temporary, typically caused by a vaccine reaction

A

Guillain-Barre Syndrome

56
Q

Steps to Axon regeneration

A

(1) Axon is damaged, (2) Distal nerve dies, (3) Schwann cells grow a new tube, (4) Nerve grows through tube, (5) Nerve reconnects

57
Q

Disintegration (death) of the distal axon and myelin sheath

A

Wallerian degeneration

58
Q

Nerve insulation that encloses bundles of axons

A

perineurium

59
Q

Nerve insulation that Encloses individual axons

A

endoneurium

60
Q

Nerve insulation that Encloses entire nerve (group of neurons)

A

epineurium

61
Q

Anatomical definition of group of neurons

A

nerve

62
Q

What is the nervous system composed of

A

brain, spinal cord, nerves, ganglia

63
Q

What are the two types of cells found in nervous tissue

A

neurons, neuroglial cells

64
Q

What are the special characteristics of neurons

A

Excitability, conductivity, extreme longevity, amitotic

65
Q

Astrocytes, Ependymal, Microglia, Oligodendrocytes

A

glial cells of the CNS

66
Q

Nurture, protect, support, and guide neurons, starlike shape due to projections from their surface, most abundant glial cell in the CNS

A

Astrocytes

67
Q

Cells are ciliated simple cuboidal or simple columnar epithelial cells that line the internal cavities (ventricles) of the brain and the central canal of the spinal cord

A

Ependymal cells

68
Q

Small cells that have slender branches extending from the main portion of the cell, smallest percentage of CNS glial cells, phagocytic cells of the immune system

A

Microglia

69
Q

Large cells with a bulbous body and slender cytoplasmic extensions or processes, extensions wrap around and insulate axons within the CNS to form a myelin sheath

A

Oligodendrocytes

70
Q

What are the glial cells of the PNS

A

satellite cells, neurolemmocytes

71
Q

Flattened cells arranged around neuronal cell bodies in a ganglion that physically separate cell bodies from their surrounding interstitial fluid, insulate the cell body and regulate exchange of nutrients

A

Satellite cells

72
Q

Elongated and flattened cells wrap around and insulate axons within the PNS to form a myelin sheath

A

Neurolemmocytes

73
Q

Another name for neurolemmocytes

A

schwann cells

74
Q

Glial cell tumors, may be benign or malignant

A

glioma

75
Q

Insulating covering around the axon that consists of repeating concentric layers of plasma membrane of glial cells

A

myelin

76
Q

What function does myelin perform

A

insulates axon and allows for faster propagation of nerve signal

77
Q

An autoimmune disorder that is progressive demyelination of neurons in the central nervous system accompanied by the destruction of oligodendrocytes

A

Multiple Sclerosis

78
Q

A disorder in which inflammation causes loss of myelin from the peripheral nerves and spinal nerve roots. It is characterized by muscle weakness that begins in the distal limbs, but rapidly advances to involve proximal muscles as well

A

Guillain-Barre syndrome

79
Q

Clusters of neuron cell bodies located along nerves in the PNS

A

ganglion

80
Q

Bundles of axons within the CNS in which the axons have a similar function and share a common origin and destination

A

tract

81
Q

Bundle of axons in the PNS

A

a nerve

Anatomy and Physiology I (30 decks)

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